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Dual-Band MIMO Antenna with Defected Ground Structure for Sub-6 GHz 5G Applications

Progress In Electromagnetics Research C 2022年 122卷 57-66页

作者： Sabaawi, Ahmed M. A. Muttair, Karrar S. Al-Ani, Oras A. Sultan, Qusai H. College of Electronics Engineering Ninevah University Mosul Iraq Department of Computer Techniques Engineering College of Technical Engineering The Islamic University Najaf Iraq Department of Computer Engineering Techniques Electrical Engineering Technical College Middle Technical University Baghdad Iraq

In this work, a dual-band compact MIMO antenna for sub-6 GHz 5G applications has been designed, simulated, and implemented. Firstly, a single patch antenna was designed and simulated, and its dimensions were adjusted to exhibit a dual band performance at 3.6 GHz and 5.9 GHz. A two-element MIMO structure was then designed with a defected ground structure, and the S-parameters were recorded. The results showed that the designed MIMO antenna exhibited multiband performance at the sub-6G frequency band with almost omnidirectional radiation pattern and acceptable gain. The achieved results are promising, making the proposed antenna a good candidate for 5G applications. The proposed antennas were fabricated, and their basic parameters such as return loss and radiation pattern were tested experimentally and compared with simulation results. An acceptable agreement was achieved between measurement and simulation results. © 2022, Electromagnetics Academy. All rights reserved.

关键词： Defected ground structures

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Cognitive Radio Receiver Design Employing Pipeline Successive Approximation ADC 22

Cognitive Radio Receiver Design Employing Pipeline Successiv...

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22nd International Learning and Technology Conference, L and T 2025

作者： Baig, Muhammad Samee Hussein, Aziza I. Effat University Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Saudi Arabia Effat University College of Engineering Energy and Technology Research Center Saudi Arabia

ISBN: (纸本)9798331532215

Smart cities require better cellular communication, incorporating a high data rate that satisfies the Internet, cloud computing, and the Internet of Things (IoT) requirements. A high data rate demands higher bandwidth with low latency. However, the already saturated or underutilized frequency spectrum hinders this realization. 5G and cognitive radio technology can enhance spectrum utilization to meet the high data demands of future cellular communication. Cognitive radio uses spectrum sensing to identify underutilized frequencies without interfering with licensed users, addressing the scarcity of the electromagnetic spectrum. In this paper, a cognitive radio receiver design with a SAR analog-to-digital converter, which is recognized for having a modest resolution for high bandwidth signals, is implemented. Moreover, the pipeline technique in the SAR design is proposed to increase the resolution to be suitable for 5G applications. The high-level model of the system is simulated using MATLAB Simulink software. The quantization error observed in the regular SAR ADC design is compared to that in the proposed pipeline SAR ADC, highlighting the enhanced accuracy and efficiency of the pipeline SAR ADC, which makes it suitable for spectrum sensing in next-generation cognitive radio systems. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Bandwidth

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IoT Based Smart Framework Monitoring System for Power Station

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computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第3期74卷 6019-6037页

作者： Arodh Lal Karn Panneer Selvam Manickam R.Saravanan Roobaea Alroobaea Jasem Almotiri Sudhakar Sengan Department of Financial and Actuarial Mathematics School of ScienceXi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool UniversityChina Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Sona College of TechnologySalem636005Tamil NaduIndia Department of Computer Science and Engineering Vel Tech Multi Tech Dr RR Dr SR Engineering CollegeChennai600062Tamil NaduIndia Department of Computer Science College of Computers and Information TechnologyTaif UniversityP.O.Box 11099Taif21944Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science and Engineering PSN College of Engineering and TechnologyTirunelveli627152Tamil NaduIndia

Power Station(PS)monitoring systems are becoming critical,ensuring electrical safety through early warning,and in the event of a PS fault,the power supply is quickly *** technologies are based on relays and don’t have a way to capture and store user data when there is a *** proposed framework is designed with the goal of providing smart environments for protecting electrical types of *** paper proposes an Internet of Things(IoT)-based Smart Framework(SF)for monitoring the Power Devices(PD)which are being used in power substations.A Real-Time Monitoring(RTM)system is proposed,and it uses a state-of-the-art smart IoT-based System on Chip(SoC)sensors,a Hybrid Prediction Model(HPM),and it is being used in Big Data Processing(BDP).The Cloud Server(CS)processes the data and does the data analytics by comparing it with the historical data already stored in the ***-Structural Query Language Mongo Data Base(MDB)is used to store Sensor Data(SD)from the *** proposed HPM combines the Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise(DBSCAN)-algorithm for Outlier Detection(OD)and the Random Forest(RF)classification algorithm for removing the outlier SD and providing Fault Detection(FD)when the PD isn’t *** suggested work is assessed and tested under various fault circumstances that happened in *** simulation outcome proves that the proposed model is effective in monitoring the smooth functioning of the ***,the suggested HPM has a higher Fault Prediction(FP)*** means that faults can be found earlier,early warning signals can be sent,and the power supply can be turned off quickly to ensure electrical safety.A powerful RTM and event warning system can also be built into the system before faults happen.

关键词： System-on-chip cloud server apache kafka apache strom NoSQL MongoDB

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On-Demand Coordinated Spectrum and Resource Provisioning under an Open C-RAN Architecture for Dense Small Cell Networks

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IEEE Transactions on Mobile computing 2024年第1期23卷 673-688页

作者： Wu, Sau-Hsuan Ko, Chun-Hsien Chao, Hsi-Lu National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Institute of Communications Engineering College of Electrical and Computer Engineering Hsinchu30010 Taiwan National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Institute of Information Engineering Department of Computer Science Hsinchu30010 Taiwan

Mobile networks have seen more than a thousand times traffic increases in the past decade. Network operators face an ever increasing demand and cost to deploy denser networks in order to maintain the quality of services. In view of this paradigm shift, an open cloud radio access network (C-RAN) service model is studied in this work. Integrating the cross-layer functions of spectrum resource sharing, channel and power allocation, and interference management in a C-RAN architecture, we explore the feasibility of providing a scalable yet efficient broadband wireless service with dense small cell networks (DSN). The proposed methods and architecture can be applied to DSN that support the functions of (further enhanced) inter-cell interference cancelation (feICIC/ICIC) techniques of 3GPP standard, and have the potential to provide a cost-effective solution for high-quality DSN. Simulation results across an area of 100 km2 show that the proposed scheme can offer an aggregate downlink throughput of 21 Gbps over a maximum channel bandwidth of 20 MHz, which is 5 times the throughput with a typical ICIC method. Moreover, the service satisfaction degree can reach 85% under the proposed C-RAN architecture, making it a promising and cost-effective solution for future broadband wireless services. © 2002-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Radio access networks

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Shadow Extraction and Elimination of Moving Vehicles for Tracking Vehicles

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computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第11期77卷 2009-2030页

作者： Kalpesh Jadav Vishal Sorathiya Walid El-Shafai Torki Altameem Moustafa HAly Vipul Vekariya Kawsar Ahmed Francis MBui Department of Electronics&Communication Engineering Faculty of Engineering and TechnologyParul Institute of Engineering and TechnologyParul UniversityVadodaraGujarat391760India Department Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering Faculty of Electronic EngineeringMenoufia UniversityMenouf32952Egypt Computer Science Department Community CollegeKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11362Saudi Arabia Electronics and Communications Engineering Department College of Engineering and TechnologyArab Academy for ScienceTechnology and Maritime TransportAlexandria1029Egypt Department of Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineering and TechnologyParul Institute of Engineering and TechnologyParul UniversityVadodaraGujarat391760India Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Saskatchewan57 Campus DriveSaskatoonSK S7N5A9Canada

Shadow extraction and elimination is essential for intelligent transportation systems(ITS)in vehicle tracking *** shadow is the source of error for vehicle detection,which causes misclassification of vehicles and a high false alarm rate in the research of vehicle counting,vehicle detection,vehicle tracking,and *** of the existing research is on shadow extraction of moving vehicles in high intensity and on standard datasets,but the process of extracting shadows from moving vehicles in low light of real scenes is *** real scenes of vehicles dataset are generated by self on the Vadodara–Mumbai highway during periods of poor illumination for shadow extraction of moving vehicles to address the above *** paper offers a robust shadow extraction of moving vehicles and its elimination for vehicle *** method is distributed into two phases:In the first phase,we extract foreground regions using a mixture of Gaussian model,and then in the second phase,with the help of the Gamma correction,intensity ratio,negative transformation,and a combination of Gaussian filters,we locate and remove the shadow region from the foreground *** to the outcomes proposed method with outcomes of an existing method,the suggested method achieves an average true negative rate of above 90%,a shadow detection rate SDR(η%),and a shadow discrimination rate SDR(ξ%)of 80%.Hence,the suggested method is more appropriate for moving shadow detection in real scenes.

关键词： Change illuminations ImageJ software intelligent traffic systems mixture of Gaussian model National Institute of Health vehicle tracking

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DPT‐tracker:Dual pooling transformer for efficient visual tracking

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CAAI Transactions on Intelligence Technology 2024年第4期9卷 948-959页

作者： Yang Fang Bailian Xie Uswah Khairuddin Zijian Min Bingbing Jiang Weisheng Li Key Laboratory of Data Engineering and Visual Computing Chongqing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsChongqingChina Department of Mechanical Precision Engineering Malaysia‐Japan International Institute of TechnologyUniversity of Technology MalaysiaKuala LumpurMalaysia Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Inha UniversityIncheonRepublic of Korea School of Information Science and Technology Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhouChina

Transformer tracking always takes paired template and search images as encoder input and conduct feature extraction and target‐search feature correlation by self and/or cross attention operations,thus the model complexity will grow quadratically with the number of input *** alleviate the burden of this tracking paradigm and facilitate practical deployment of Transformer‐based trackers,we propose a dual pooling transformer tracking framework,dubbed as DPT,which consists of three components:a simple yet efficient spatiotemporal attention model(SAM),a mutual correlation pooling Trans-former(MCPT)and a multiscale aggregation pooling Transformer(MAPT).SAM is designed to gracefully aggregates temporal dynamics and spatial appearance information of multi‐frame templates along space‐time *** aims to capture multi‐scale pooled and correlated contextual features,which is followed by MAPT that aggregates multi‐scale features into a unified feature representation for tracking *** tracker achieves AUC score of 69.5 on LaSOT and precision score of 82.8 on Track-ingNet while maintaining a shorter sequence length of attention tokens,fewer parameters and FLOPs compared to existing state‐of‐the‐art(SOTA)Transformer tracking *** experiments demonstrate that DPT tracker yields a strong real‐time tracking baseline with a good trade‐off between tracking performance and inference efficiency.

关键词： human‐computer interfacing image motion analysis pattern recognition signal processing tracking

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TrueAdaptTM- AI Based Maskless Patterning to Compensate for Die-Shift in Fan-Out Wafer Level Packaging 73

TrueAdaptTM- AI Based Maskless Patterning to Compensate for ...

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73rd IEEE Electronic Components and Technology Conference, ECTC 2023

作者： Sabbir, Golam Sahoo, Krutikesh Sun, Henry Iver, Subramanian Ouyang, Guangqi Wu, Yilin Ucla Department of Materials Science and Engineering United States Ucla Department of Electrical and Computing Engineering United States Ucla Department of Computer Science United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798350334982

TrueAdapt™ offers an attractive solution to fan-out-wafer-level-packaging (FOWLP) and fan-out-panel-level-packaging, which offers significant cost savings as compared to similar bridge connection technology or interposers. Due to die-placement error and shift during molding, die assemblies on FOWLP can have significant die-shift. Design rules must ensure the accommodation of die-shift and as a result fine-pitch patterning is limited. TrueAdapt™ aims to solve that by utilizing in-line characterization of the die shift, generation of a new layout using the measured offsets, and patterning with direct-write lithography for high throughput wafer-level and panel-level fabrication at fine-pitches. In this work we present the fabrication of an assembly of dies interconnected in a daisy chain network with 10 µm pitch wiring on the FlexTrate™, a bio-compatible polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) based FOWLP architecture. We measure die shift using optical metrology techniques to generate a stitched image of the assembly. The image is then processed using artificial intelligence (AI) computer vision to identify critical features on the dies (which are used to generate die-offsets for each die). Furthermore, we generate a layout based on measured die-shift that adaptively routes the wiring in between dies. Via and metal layers are subsequently patterned using direct-write lithography using a 405 nm lase. Direct-write lithography enables fine-pitch patterning at the wafer/panel level without the need for mask fabrication, promising significant cost savings. We further demonstrate a novel exposure technique based on focal extension that can be utilized to pattern over 100 µm of topography, making this a truly adaptive patterning process. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Dies

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Large Language Models for Data Annotation and Synthesis: A Survey

Large Language Models for Data Annotation and Synthesis: A S...

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2024 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, EMNLP 2024

作者： Tan, Zhen Li, Dawei Wang, Song Beigi, Alimohammad Jiang, Bohan Bhattacharjee, Amrita Karami, Mansooreh Li, Jundong Cheng, Lu Liu, Huan School of Computing and Augmented Intelligence Arizona State University United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering the University of Virginia United States Department of Computer Science University of Illinois Chicago United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798891761643

Data annotation and synthesis generally refers to the labeling or generating of raw data with relevant information, which could be used for improving the efficacy of machine learning models. The process, however, is labor-intensive and costly. The emergence of advanced Large Language Models (LLMs), exemplified by GPT-4, presents an unprecedented opportunity to automate the complicated process of data annotation and synthesis. While existing surveys have extensively covered LLM architecture, training, and general applications, we uniquely focus on their specific utility for data annotation. This survey contributes to three core aspects: LLM-Based Annotation Generation, LLM-Generated Annotations Assessment, and LLM-Generated Annotations Utilization. Furthermore, this survey includes an in-depth taxonomy of data types that LLMs can annotate, a comprehensive review of learning strategies for models utilizing LLM-generated annotations, and a detailed discussion of the primary challenges and limitations associated with using LLMs for data annotation and synthesis. Serving as a key guide, this survey aims to assist researchers and practitioners in exploring the potential of the latest LLMs for data annotation, thereby fostering future advancements in this critical field. © 2024 Association for Computational Linguistics.

关键词： Data assimilation

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Aquila Optimizer with parallel computing strategy for efficient environment exploration

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Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized computing 2023年第4期14卷 4175-4190页

作者： Gul, Faiza Mir, Imran Mir, Suleman Department of Electrical Engineering Air University Aerospace and Aviation Campus Kamra Islamabad Pakistan School of Avionics and Electrical Engineering College of Aeronautical Engineering NUST Risalpur Pakistan Department of Avionics Engineering Air University Aerospace and Aviation Campus Kamra Islamabad Pakistan Electrical Department Fast-National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences Peshawar Pakistan

This paper introduces Aquila Optimization Algorithm specifically configured for Multi-Robot space exploration that can be utilized for a wide range of operations. The proposed strategy incorporates a novel parallel communication protocol, to improve multi-robot space exploration process while minimizing the computation complexity. This ensures acquisition of a collision-free optimal motion in a barrier-filled environment via generating a finite explored map. The framework is a unique combination of both deterministic Coordinated Multi-robot Exploration (CME) and a swarm based methodology, known as Aquila Optimizer (AO). Combinely known as Coordinated Multi-robot Exploration Aquila Optimizer (CME-AO). The architecture starts by determining the cost and utility values of neighbouring cells around the robot using deterministic CME. Aquila Optimization technique is then incorporated to increase the overall solution accuracy. Numerous simulations under different environmental conditions were then performed to validate the effectiveness of the proposed CME-AO algorithm. A perspective analysis was then performed by comparing the performance of the CME-AO algorithm with latest contemporary algorithms namely conventional CME, CME Arithmetic Optimization Algorithm (CME-AOA) and Frequency Modified Hybrid-whale Optimization Algorithm (FMH-WOA). The comparison duly accommodates all pertinent aspects such as % area explored, number of failed runs, and time taken for map exploration for different environments. A statistical comparison with both CME and CME-AOA is then carried out by performing multiple simulations under different environmental configurations. The mean and standard deviation of the (%) area explored and total time taken are then calculated. Results indicate that the proposed algorithm presents distinct advantages of enhanced map exploration in a considerably lesser execution time with almost no fail runs. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-V

关键词： Motion planning

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Design and Implementation of Solar Electrification Station for Sustainable Energy Access

Design and Implementation of Solar Electrification Station f...

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2024 International Conference on Communication, computing and Internet of Things, IC3IoT 2024

作者： Prathibha, Soma Siva Chandran, S. Kirthiga, M. Dhanya, K. Abhijay Gopal, S. Manish, M. Sri Sairam Engineering College Department Of Information Technology Chennai India Sri Sairam Engineering College Department Of Mechanical Engineering Chennai India Sri Sairam Engineering College Department Of Electronics And Communication Chennai India Electrical And Electronics Engineering Sri Sairam Engineering College Chennai India Sri Sairam Engineering College Department Of Electrical Engineering Chennai India Sri Sairam Engineering College Department Of Computer Science And Business Systems Chennai India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350352689

A power outage can have serious consequences in today's modern society, since technology has become an essential component of our everyday existence. Also continuous power breakdowns have far-reaching consequences in our increasingly connected world. From communication disruptions to healthcare risks, transportation challenges, economic setbacks, and psychological impact, the hardships faced by people during power outages are significant. People suffer a great deal as a result of frequent power outages, which can interfere with vital services like emergency response and healthcare as well as disrupt communication and transportation networks. To address the hardships faced by remote and underprivileged villages due to continuous power breakdowns, a solar electrification station is developed as a sustainable energy solution. The project focuses on providing a reliable and uninterrupted power source, particularly during the rainy season when floods disrupt normal life. The installation of a 3kW monocrystalline solar panel system, operated as a standalone solar system, powers the village school, ensuring uninterrupted education for students. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Rural areas

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