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MLPFormer: MLP-integrated transformer for colorectal histopathology whole slide image segmentation

Neural computing and Applications 2025年第6期37卷 4651-4661页

作者： Wang, Yuxuan Li, Dan Li, Xuechen Guo, Yan Zuo, Yanfei Shen, Linlin Department of Computer Science Wenzhou-Kean University Wenzhou China School of Electronics and Information Engineering Wuyi University Jiangmen China Department of Histo Pathology Shanghai Histo Pathology Diagnostic Center Shanghai China College of Computer Sicence and Software Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen China National Engineering Laboratory for Big Data System Computing Technology Shenzhen University Shenzhen China

Colorectal intraepithelial neoplasia is a precancerous lesion of colorectal cancer, which is mainly diagnosed using pathological images. According to the characteristics of lesions, precancerous lesions can be classified into four different grades, i.e., background, normal, low and high level. However, due to the continuity of lesion development, tissue in different stages has high similarity. Recently, visual transformers have achieved impressive results in different visual tasks, due to their capacity of capturing long-range dependencies. However, due to computational cost, transformer cannot well extract detailed feature, which is important for lesion grading. To accurately segment pathological tissues with high similarity, in this work, we embed the multi-head MLP mixer module in the transformer network to extract cell and edge information. Furthermore, we propose a hierarchical MLP decoder to facilitate multi-scale feature fusion. The proposed transformer, namely MLPFormer, achieves remarkable results against competitive baselines on the Histo-CRC Biopsy dataset. The experimental results demonstrate that MLPFormer significantly outperforms the competitive baselines, i.e., a 3% dice improvement is achieved over the SegFormer series. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Image segmentation

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Enhanced Object Detection and Classification via Multi-Method Fusion

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computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第5期79卷 3315-3331页

作者： Muhammad Waqas Ahmed Nouf Abdullah Almujally Abdulwahab Alazeb Asaad Algarni Jeongmin Park Department of Computer Science Air UniversityIslamabad44000Pakistan Department of Information Systems College of Computer and Information SciencesPrincess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityP.O.Box 84428Riyadh11671Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science College of Computer Science and Information SystemNajran UniversityNajran55461Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Sciences Faculty of Computing and Information TechnologyNorthern Border UniversityRafha91911Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Engineering Tech University of Korea237 Sangidaehak-roSiheung-siGyeonggi-do15073South Korea

Advances in machine vision systems have revolutionized applications such as autonomous driving,robotic navigation,and augmented *** substantial progress,challenges persist,including dynamic backgrounds,occlusion,and limited labeled *** address these challenges,we introduce a comprehensive methodology toenhance image classification and object detection *** proposed approach involves the integration ofmultiple methods in a complementary *** process commences with the application of Gaussian filters tomitigate the impact of noise *** images are then processed for segmentation using Fuzzy C-Meanssegmentation in parallel with saliency mapping techniques to find the most prominent *** Binary RobustIndependent Elementary Features(BRIEF)characteristics are then extracted fromdata derived fromsaliency mapsand segmented *** precise object separation,Oriented FAST and Rotated BRIEF(ORB)algorithms *** Algorithms(GAs)are used to optimize Random Forest classifier parameters which lead toimproved *** method stands out due to its comprehensive approach,adeptly addressing challengessuch as changing backdrops,occlusion,and limited labeled data concurrently.A significant enhancement hasbeen achieved by integrating Genetic Algorithms(GAs)to precisely optimize *** minor adjustmentnot only boosts the uniqueness of our system but also amplifies its overall *** proposed methodologyhas demonstrated notable classification accuracies of 90.9%and 89.0%on the challenging Corel-1k and MSRCdatasets,***,detection accuracies of 87.2%and 86.6%have been *** ourmethod performed well in both datasets it may face difficulties in real-world data especially where datasets havehighly complex *** these limitations,GAintegration for parameter optimization shows a notablestrength in enhancing the overall adaptability and performance of our system.

关键词： BRIEF features saliency map fuzzy c-means object detection object recognition

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DDoS Attacks Detection in IoT Networks using Naive Bayes and Random Forest 3

DDoS Attacks Detection in IoT Networks using Naive Bayes and...

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3rd International Conference on Applied Artificial Intelligence and computing, ICAAIC 2024

作者： Srivastava, Animesh Tiwari, Shweta Rawat, Bhupender Singh Dhondiyal, Shiv Ashish Graphic Era Hill University Department of Computer Science & Engineering Dehradun India Institute of Engineering Chandigarh University Department of Computer Science & Engineering Department / University Punjab Gharuan Mohali India Coer University College of Smart Computing Roorkee India Department of Computer Science & Engineering Dehradun India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350375190

The proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) devices has resulted in numerous benefits, including streamlined tasks and improved connectivity but has also raised concerns regarding security vulnerabilities. Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks targeting IoT systems pose a significant threat, potentially disrupting operational activities. This study conducts a comparative analysis of existing methodologies to detect DDoS attacks in IoT environments, focusing on the efficacy of machine learning algorithms. Specifically, this study evaluates the performance of Random Forest and Naive Bayes classifiers in detecting DDoS attacks using an IoT dataset. The evaluation involves training and testing these classifiers and assessing their accuracy as a key performance metric. Empirical findings demonstrate enhanced precision in identifying DDoS attacks in IoT environment, indicating the effectiveness of the proposed approach. By leveraging machine learning algorithms, particularly Random Forest and Naive Bayes, traditional techniques for detecting and mitigating DDoS attacks in IoT environments are accelerated, thus enhancing the security of IoT systems. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Internet of things

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Divide-and-train: A new approach to improve the predictive tasks of bike-sharing systems

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Mathematical Biosciences and engineering 2024年第7期21卷 6471-6492页

作者： Ali, Ahmed Salah, Ahmad Bekhit, Mahmoud Fathalla, Ahmed Department of Computer Science College of Computer Engineering and Sciences Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University Al-Kharj Saudi Arabia Higher Future Institute for Specialized Technological Studies Cairo3044 Egypt College of Computing and Information Sciences University of Technology and Applied Sciences Ad-Dhahirah Ibri Oman Zagazig University Department of Computer Science Faculty of Computers and Informatics Sharkeya Zagazig Egypt Sydney Australia Kaplan Business School Sydney Australia Department of Mathematics Faculty of Science Suez Canal University Ismailia Egypt

Bike-sharing systems (BSSs) have become commonplace in most cities worldwide as an important part of many smart cities. These systems generate a continuous amount of large data volumes. The effectiveness of these BSS systems depends on making decisions at the proper time. Thus, there is a vital need to build predictive models on the BSS data for the sake of improving the process of decision-making. The overwhelming majority of BSS users register before utilizing the service. Thus, several BSSs have prior knowledge of the user’s data, such as age, gender, and other relevant details. Several machine learning and deep learning models, for instance, are used to predict urban flows, trip duration, and other factors. The standard practice for these models is to train on the entire dataset to build a predictive model, whereas the biking patterns of various users are intuitively distinct. For instance, the user’s age influences the duration of a trip. This endeavor was motivated by the existence of distinct user patterns. In this work, we proposed divide-and-train, a new method for training predictive models on station-based BSS datasets by dividing the original datasets on the values of a given dataset attribute. Then, the proposed method was validated on different machine learning and deep learning models. All employed models were trained on both the complete and split datasets. The enhancements made to the evaluation metric were then reported. Results demonstrated that the proposed method outperformed the conventional training approach. Specifically, the root mean squared error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE) metrics have shown improvements in both trip duration and distance prediction, with an average accuracy of 85% across the divided sub-datasets for the best performing model, i.e., random forest. © 2024 the Author(s).

关键词： Forecasting

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Generative AI, IoT, and blockchain in healthcare: application, issues, and solutions

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Discover Internet of Things 2025年第1期5卷 1-23页

作者： Mazhar, Tehseen khan, Sunawar Shahzad, Tariq khan, Muhammad Amir Saeed, Mamoon M. Awotunde, Joseph Bamidele Hamam, Habib School of Computer Science National College of Business Administration and Economics Lahore54000 Pakistan Department of Computer Science International Islamic University Islamabad44000 Pakistan Department of Computer Science COMSATS University Islamabad Sahiwal Campus Sahiwal57000 Pakistan School of Computing Sciences College of Computing Informatics and Mathematics Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor Shah Alam40450 Malaysia Sana’a Yemen Department of Computer Science Faculty of Communication and Information Sciences University of Ilorin Ilorin Nigeria Faculty of Engineering Uni de Moncton MonctonNBE1A3E9 Canada Department of Computer Science and Information Technology School Education Department Government of Punjab 31200 Layyah Pakistan School of Electrical Engineering University of Johannesburg Johannesburg2006 South Africa Av. Grandes Ecoles LibrevilleBP 1989 Gabon Bridges for Academic Excellence Spectrum Tunis Tunisia

This article discusses Blockchain and Generative AI in healthcare, including their uses, difficulties, and solutions. Blockchain technology improves EHR security, privacy, and interoperability, while smart contracts streamline supply chain management and administrative procedures. Blockchain verifies and secures IoT data, improving medical care and treatment, according to case studies. Generative AI systems like ChatGPT have transformed healthcare by personalizing therapy, diagnostics, and predictive analytics. AI systems can examine massive databases to diagnose diseases early, anticipate dangers, and personalize therapies. By providing timely information, boosting treatment adherence, and giving continuous support, AI-powered virtual health assistants have enhanced patient involvement. Generative AI has additionally enhanced medical research and drug development, cutting the time and expense of introducing new medicines. Generative AI and Blockchain provide safe patient data storage, high-quality AI training datasets, and efficient healthcare operations. Scalability, energy usage, and interoperability issues remain. Scalable Blockchain designs and standardized data integration and exchange protocols are suggested by this study. These technologies could improve medical research and therapy by making them safer, more effective, and more individualized. © The Author(s) 2025.

关键词： Electronic health record

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RIS with Nanomaterials for FutureG Applications 18

RIS with Nanomaterials for FutureG Applications

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18th IEEE Nanotechnology Materials and Devices Conference, NMDC 2023

作者： Al-Duhni, Ghaleb Saleh Ghaleb Valera, Tatiana Pulugurtha, Markondeya Raj Volakis, John L. Venkatakrishnan, Satheesh B. Florida International University College of Engineering and Computing Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering MiamiFL33185 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798350335460

Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RIS) also known as Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces (IRS) often depend upon metasurfaces. These typically comprise of a large array of passive elements that can be fabricated to modulate reflection amplitude or phase or both to create tunable functions that are independently controlled. Various RIS are developed to improve spectral efficiency through ultrawideband antennas, enhanced beamforming with higher gain and bandwidth, spatial reconfigurability, selective and adjustable isolation, and other desired features. Several approaches to tune the RIS performance are being explored. This paper reviews the primary approaches and the benefit of emerging tunable nanomaterials in achieving such RIS functions. Designs with 1-bit and 6-bit phase shifters are discussed in the first part. Various opportunities with nanomaterials and nanodevices to induce such phase shifts are discussed in the last part of the paper. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Nanostructured materials

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Insightful Clinical Assistance for Anemia Prediction with Data Analysis and Explainable AI 5

Insightful Clinical Assistance for Anemia Prediction with Da...

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5th International Conference on Innovative Data Communication Technologies and Application, ICIDCA 2024

作者： Kasthuri, E. Subbulakshmi, S. Sreedharan, Rajasree Department of Computer Science and Engineering Department of Computer Science and Applications Amrita School of Computing Amritapuri India Division of Nephrology Department of Pediatrics Medical College of Wisconsin MilwaukeeWI United States

Anemia among young people has positive correlation with susceptibility and impede cognitive *** per WHO 2019 statistics global prevalence rate of anemia is 33 percent. This work aims to predict anemia with inferences to identify the root cause of anemia. Prediction is done with machine learning algorithms with proper pre-processing, data normalization, and class imbalance approaches. Explainable AI, a transparent model, is used to enhance the prediction which enables to draw inferences. LGM Boost learning model prediction has a 91% accuracy and explainable AI framework predictions of most contributing attribute is accurate when compared to other models. This approach helps healthcare professionals make informed decisions on the most optimal treatment for anemia. © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Forecasting

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CNN-Based Deep Learning Model for Early Identification and Categorization of Melanoma Skin Cancer Using Medical Imaging

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SN computer Science 2024年第7期5卷 911页

作者： Pandimurugan, V. Ahmad, Sultan Prabu, A.V. Rahmani, Mohammad Khalid Imam Abdeljaber, Hikmat A. M. Eswaran, Malathi Nazeer, Jabeen Computer Science and Engineering Acharya Institute of Technology Bangalore India Department of Computer Science College of Computer Engineering and Sciences Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University Alkharj 11942 Saudi Arabia University Center for Research and Development (UCRD) Department of Computer Science and Engineering Chandigarh University Gharuan Punjab Mohali 140413 India Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation Vaddeswaram AP Guntur 522502 India College of Computing and Informatics Saudi Electronic University Riyadh Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science Faculty of Information Technology Applied Science Private University Amman Jordan MEU Research Unit Middle East University Amman 11831 Jordan Department of Computer Technology Kongu Engineering College Perundurai Tamil Nadu Erode India

In human life, skin cancer is a curse. If not appropriately diagnosed, it spreads around all body parts in the earlier stage. The melanoma skin cancer death rate is 75% all over the world. There is an urgent need for a cure to be in place. Swarm and evolutionary computation for healthcare deals with real-world healthcare applications. One of the best ways to do this is to find the genes that need to be turned off such that only cancer cells can die. The current therapies used to cure cancer focus on turning off cancer cells but, at times, affect healthy tissues. Using the power of Artificial Intelligence, one can easily mark out the cancer-affected area and provide treatment accordingly. Segmentation techniques can be used to mark cancer lesions, and advanced deep learning algorithms in computer vision can help classify which class of cancer lesions. Automatic detection of melanoma by using a dermoscopic sample is tricky to find the stage and percentage of lesions affected by using deep convolutional neural networks with the help of machine vision tools. To predict skin lesions, we developed a model with three layers, each having output channels of 16, 32, and 64, respectively. For this research, different samples were collected from the international skin imaging collaboration database (ISIC2019, ISIC2020, ISIC2021). The study computed the most important parameters for classifying and identifying the lesion with accuracy, precision, recall, and specificity values. The proposed DCNN model classifier attained an accuracy of 88.82%, 93.45%, and 95.15% with the respective datasets of ISIC2019, ISIC2020, and ISIC2021, indicating high performance compared with the other state-of-the-art networks. The proposed model is a better framework for automating early detection and classification of melanoma skin cancer to protect many lives and avoid mishaps. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.

关键词： Classification Convolution neural network Deep learning Medical imaging Melanoma Skin cancer Swarm and evolutionary computation

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Design and Control of Two Wheeled Self Balancing Robot (TWSBR)

Design and Control of Two Wheeled Self Balancing Robot (TWSB...

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2022 Advances in Science and engineering Technology International Conferences, ASET 2022

作者： Mohamed Gad, Omar Mohamed Saleh, Suhaib Ziad Mohammad Bulbul, Maleck Ayman Khadraoui, Sofiane University of Sharjah College of Engineering Department of Electrical Engineering Sharjah United Arab Emirates University of Sharjah College of Computing and Informatics Department of Computer Engineering Sharjah United Arab Emirates

ISBN: (纸本)9781665418010

Two wheeled self-balancing robots can achieve better mobility and rotation in confined spaces and narrow gaps compared to multi-wheeled robots while maintaining balance. The paper aims mainly to design, model and control Two-wheeled Self-balancing Robot (TWSBR) utilizing MATLAB and Arduino IDE. The mathematical modeling to derive the transfer functions of TWSBR is performed using Lagrange equations. Based on the mathematical model, the system has two output (robot speed and tilt angle) that should be controlled through one manipulated input (voltage). Therefore, two PID control loops in cascade are needed to successfully control both outputs and maintain balance of the robot. As expected, after tuning the PID gains using MATLAB, the designed robot is capable of maintaining its balance while moving and carrying objects of different sizes, shapes, and weights. Moreover, the robot can travel at different desired speeds specified by the user. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Inverted pendulum

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Enhanced Lightweight Facial Emotion Recognition Systems for Visually Impaired People

Enhanced Lightweight Facial Emotion Recognition Systems for ...

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IEEE Conference on Systems, Process & Control (ICSPC)

作者： Dina Shehada Ayad Turky Tamer Rabie Abir Hussain College of Engineering and IT University of Dubai Dubai United Arab Emirates Department of Electrical Engineering College of Engineering University of Sharjah Sharjah UAE Department of Computer Science College of Computing & Informatics University of Sharjah Sharjah UAE Department of Computer Engineering College of Computing & Informatics University of Sharjah Sharjah UAE

ISBN: (数字)9798350391398

ISBN: (纸本)9798350391404

Facial expressions are a vital component of human communication, conveying emotional information that enhances the social experience. However, for individuals with visual impairments, perceiving and interpreting facial expressions can be challenging, hindering their ability to engage fully in social interactions. This paper presents an enhanced facial emotion recognition system specifically designed to aid visually impaired individuals. Two enhanced approaches for facial emotion recognition systems are proposed. The first approach consolidates negative emotions (anger, fear, sadness, disgust) into a single class, while the second approach incorporates diverse training datasets from real-world environments. The negative emotion consolidation approach achieved $\mathbf{9 0. 9 \%}$ and $\mathbf{9 4. 7 \%}$ accuracy on the FER2013 and CK+ datasets, respectively. While, the diverse dataset integration approach achieved $\mathbf{8 4. 9 \%}$ and $\mathbf{7 0. 6 \%}$ accuracy on FER2013 and CK+ datasets, respectively. This is a significant improvement when benchmarked with other approaches available in the literature. The feasibility of the enhanced proposed systems as assistive technology for the visually impaired indicated its ability to be applied in real-world applications.

关键词： Training Emotion recognition Visualization Accuracy Face recognition Visual impairment Diversity reception Robustness Convolutional neural networks Compounds

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