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arXiv 2025年

作者： Aledhari, Mohammed Razzak, Rehma Rahouti, Mohamed Yazdinejad, Abbas Parizi, Reza M. Qolomany, Basheer Guizani, Mohsen Qadir, Junaid Al-Fuqaha, Ala Department of Data Science University of North Texas DentonTX76207 United States College of Computing and Software Engineering Kennesaw State University MariettaGA30060 United States Department of Computer and Information Science Fordham University New YorkNY10023 United States Cyber Science Lab Canada Cyber Foundry University of Guelph ONN1G4S7 Canada Decentralized Science Lab Kennesaw State University GA United States Department of Medicine College of Medicine Howard University WashingtonDC20059 United States Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates Computer Science and Engineering Department Qatar University Doha Qatar Hamad Bin Khalifa University Doha Qatar

The advancements in autonomous driving technology, coupled with the growing interest from automotive manufacturers and tech companies, suggest a rising adoption of Connected Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs) in the near future. Despite some evidence of higher accident rates in AVs, these incidents tend to result in less severe injuries compared to traditional vehicles due to cooperative safety measures. However, the increased complexity of CAV systems exposes them to significant security vulnerabilities, potentially compromising their performance and communication integrity. This paper contributes by presenting a detailed analysis of existing security frameworks and protocols, focusing on intra- and inter-vehicle communications. We systematically evaluate the effectiveness of these frameworks in addressing known vulnerabilities and propose a set of best practices for enhancing CAV communication security. The paper also provides a comprehensive taxonomy of attack vectors in CAV ecosystems and suggests future research directions for designing more robust security mechanisms. Our key contributions include the development of a new classification system for CAV security threats, the proposal of practical security protocols, and the introduction of use cases that demonstrate how these protocols can be integrated into real-world CAV applications. These insights are crucial for advancing secure CAV adoption and ensuring the safe integration of autonomous vehicles into intelligent transportation systems. © 2025, CC BY.

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GNNBoost: Accelerating sampling-based GNN training on large scale graph by optimizing data preparation

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Journal of Systems Architecture 2025年

作者： Yujuan Tan Yan Gan Zhaoyang Zeng Zhuoxin Bai Lei Qiao Duo Liu Kan Zhong Ao Ren Chongqing University College of Computer Science Chongqing China Beijing Institute of Control Engineering Beijing China Chongqing University School of Big Data & Software Engineering Chongqing China

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have successfully extended deep learning from traditional Euclidean spaces to complex graph structures. Sampling-based GNN training has been widely adopted for large-scale graphs without compromising accuracy. However, the graph irregularity results in imbalanced sampling workloads, making it challenging for existing GNN systems to effectively utilize GPU resources for graph sampling. Additionally, in GNN systems where both topology and feature caches are enabled, differences in characteristics and purposes of cache data complicate the allocation of GPU memory for these two caches with minimal overhead. To address these challenges, we propose GNNBoost, a framework designed to accelerate GNN training. GNNBoost consists of two key innovations. First, GNNBoost introduces a degree-oriented sampling schedule that groups training vertices based on their degrees and applies tailored sampling strategies to balance GPU workloads and improve sampling performance. Second, GNNBoost develops a low-overhead cache space allocation mechanism that accurately determines the optimal cache sizes for graph topology and features across different workloads, minimizing both space and time overheads. We conduct a comprehensive evaluation of GNNBoost through various GNN models and large graph datasets, demonstrating that it significantly outperforms existing GNN training systems.

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ODMGIS: An Outlier Detection Method Based on Multi-Granularity Information Sets

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IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems 2025年

作者： Zhang, Pengfei He, Zhaoxuan Wang, Dexian Jiang, Tao Li, Baolin Liu, Jia Huang, Wei Li, Tianrui The School of Intelligent Medicine Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu611137 China The Acupuncture and Tuina School Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu611137 China The School of Logistics Chengdu University of Information Technology Chengdu60020 China The School of Computer and Software Engineering Xihua University Chengdu610039 China The College of Computer and Data Science Fuzhou University Fuzhou35010 China The School of Computing and Artificial Intelligence Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu611756 China

In the realm of data mining, outlier detection has emerged as a pivotal research focus, aimed at uncovering anomalies within datasets to extract meaningful and valuable insights. The objective is to leverage data mining methodologies to pinpoint anomalies within datasets, thereby revealing crucial and enlightening information. Herein, we introduce a groundbreaking outlier detection methodology, ODMGIS, that seamlessly integrates multi-granularity representation and information set concepts to devise the multi-granularity information set (MGIS) model. This model adeptly characterizes the distribution patterns of data points. Firstly, we employ entropy function and their complementary function as measurement tools to accurately quantify the inherent uncertainty in data with different distributions, and considers the sum of the two as a comprehensive representation of the overall uncertainty of the information source. Subsequently, an outlier score model is constructed based on MGIS, which can deeply characterize the degree of outlierness of samples, thereby effectively identifying abnormal points in the dataset. During validation, ODMGIS was rigorously tested on practical datasets from medicine and bioinformatics, and its performance was benchmarked against both traditional and the state-of-the-art algorithms, showcasing substantial benefits. This research not only contributes a fresh perspective to outlier detection but also sparks innovative avenues for exploring and advancing the granular computing theory. © 1993-2012 I IEEE. All rights reserved.

关键词： Granular computing

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A privacy-preserving access control protocol for 6G supported intelligent UAV networks

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Vehicular Communications 2025年 54卷

作者： Mahmood, Khalid Shamshad, Salman Anisi, Mohammad Hossein Brighente, Alessandro Saleem, Muhammad Asad Das, Ashok Kumar School of Engineering and Computing University of Lancashire Preston PR1 2HE United Kingdom of Intelligent Data Science National Yunlin University of Science and Technology Douliu 64002 Taiwan Department of Software Engineering The University of Lahore Lahore 54590 Pakistan School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering University of Essex Colchester CO4 3SQ United Kingdom Department of Mathematics and HIT research center Univ. of Padova Italy School of Computer Science and Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu 611731 China Center for Security Theory and Algorithmic Research International Institute of Information Technology Hyderabad 500032 India Department of Computer Science and Engineering College of Informatics Korea University Seoul 02841 South Korea

Due to their autonomous operation, high mobility, and real-time communication capabilities, 6G-supported Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (6G-UAVs) (i.e., drones) are increasingly being utilized to enhance data collection and management in Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSs). Despite their manifold benefits, 6G-supported UAV-based ITS (6G-U-ITS) faces unique security challenges beyond conventional cyber and physical threats. These include real-time authentication, impersonation attacks, physical tampering or cloning and protection against identity spoofing in highly dynamic environments. For instance, an attacker may steal a drone and use its identity to send authenticated malicious messages to the ITS, causing road accidents. Therefore, a secure authentication scheme must ensure resilience against UAV identity theft and unauthorized access while maintaining low-latency and computational efficiency to support the stringent real-time security requirements of 6G-U-ITS. Existing authentication schemes are not specifically designed to address these challenges, making it imperative to develop a lightweight and robust authentication mechanism tailored for 6G-U-ITS. Moreover, most of the existing protocols are vulnerable to physical tampering and impersonation attacks and also require high computation overhead. In this paper, to mitigate these limitations and satisfy the aforementioned requirements, we propose a secure access control protocol for 6G-U-ITS. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first security solution in the literature that can achieve security against UAVs physical attacks. Furthermore, we justify the robustness of the designed protocol against potential attacks through detailed formal and informal security assessment. Via testbed experiments, we show that our protocol achieves 20.66% and 22.82% higher efficiency on communication and computation overhead, respectively, compared to other contemporary competing protocols. © 2025 Elsevier Inc.

关键词： Authentication protocol Intelligent transport systems Key agreement Security protocol UAV

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FaceBench: A Multi-View Multi-Level Facial Attribute VQA dataset for Benchmarking Face Perception MLLMs

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Wang, Xiaoqin Ma, Xusen Hou, Xianxu Ding, Meidan Li, Yudong Chen, Junliang Chen, Wenting Peng, Xiaoyang Shen, Linlin Computer Vision Institute College of Computer Science and Software Engineering Shenzhen University China National Engineering Laboratory for Big Data System Computing Technology Shenzhen University China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing China AIAC Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University China Tsinghua University China The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Sun Yat-sen University China

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in various tasks. However, effectively evaluating these MLLMs on face perception remains largely unexplored. To address this gap, we introduce FaceBench, a dataset featuring hierarchical multi-view and multi-level attributes specifically designed to assess the comprehensive face perception abilities of MLLMs. Initially, we construct a hierarchical facial attribute structure, which encompasses five views with up to three levels of attributes, totaling over 210 attributes and 700 attribute values. Based on the structure, the proposed FaceBench consists of 49,919 visual question-answering (VQA) pairs for evaluation and 23,841 pairs for fine-tuning. Moreover, we further develop a robust face perception MLLM baseline, Face-LLaVA, by training with our proposed face VQA data. Extensive experiments on various mainstream MLLMs and Face-LLaVA are conducted to test their face perception ability, with results also compared against human performance. The results reveal that, the existing MLLMs are far from satisfactory in understanding the fine-grained facial attributes, while our Face-LLaVA significantly outperforms existing open-source models with a small amount of training data and is comparable to commercial ones like GPT-4o and Gemini. The dataset will be released at https://***/CVI-SZU/FaceBench. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

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Cybersecurity Enhancement in IoT-Enabled Public Health Information Systems Using Deep Learning Techniques

Cybersecurity Enhancement in IoT-Enabled Public Health Infor...

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AI-Driven Smart Healthcare for Society 5.0

作者： Mahesh Kumar Mishra Lalit Mohan Trivedi Mansoor Farooq Divya Nimma Malik Bader Alazzam B Kiran Bala Sr SAP Consultant Delta System and Software Inc Texas USA Department of ASH Moradabad Institute of Technology Moradabad UP India Department of Cybersecurity American University of Bahrain Bahrain PhD in Computational Science University of Southern Mississippi Data Analyst in UMMC USA Faculty of Information Technology Jadara University Irbid Jordan Department of AI & DS K.Ramakrishnan College of Engineering Trichy India

ISBN: (数字)9798331536336

ISBN: (纸本)9798331536343

The rising use of IoT devices in Public Health Information Systems (PHIS) has revolutionized the way patient surveillance and record keeping is being done in real-time, but this has exposed systems to serious cybersecurity threats. Generated by using traditional approaches, like rule-based detection and basic artificial neural network-based models, is not capable of dealing with the dynamic and diverse nature of threats in IoT networks. These approaches are often inadequate in providing a detailed analysis of the attack especially because they do not have the ability to learn from sequences of features. This work presents an improved predictive analytics model using CNN with BiLSTM to improve cybersecurity in IoT connected PHIS. The CNN component performs feature extraction on spatial elements in the data received while the BiLSTM uncovers temporal dependencies and sequence of attacks, which enhance threats identification accuracy. The process of the proposed methodology includes dataset acquisition and cleansing of IoT healthcare datasets and finally, the training and testing of the model with the help of relevant parameter such as accuracy, precision, and recall values. Qualitative comparison with the baseline models also shows that the proposed hybrid CNN-BiLSTM model performs better, and it has fewer false alarms to detect a range of cyber threats. Accordingly, the results point to a feasible solution for enhancing security and reliability of IoT-based healthcare applications to protect patients’ record from cyber threats.

关键词： Training Accuracy Surveillance Bidirectional long short term memory Threat assessment Internet of Things Computer security Public healthcare Information systems Testing

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Global well-posedness of the Maxwell–Landau–Lifshitz equation with spin accumulation

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Applied Mathematics Letters 2025年 170卷

作者： Xu, Xiuli Pu, Xueke College of Big Data and Software Engineering Zhejiang Wanli University Zhejiang315107 China School of mathematics and information science Guangzhou University Guangzhou510006 China

The Maxwell–Landau–Lifshitz equation with spin accumulation is studied in the paper. We prove the existence and uniqueness of global solutions using energy estimates method in two-dimensional space. © 2025 Else... 详细信息

关键词： Maxwell equations

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Adaptive layer-wise personalized federated learning via dual delay update in future communication networks

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Computer Communications 2025年 239卷

作者： Xu, Haowen Mao, Yingchi Chen, Si Rong, Yi Muazu, Tasiu He, Xiaoming College of Computer Science And Software Engineering Hohai University No. 8 Focheng West Road Jiangning District Nanjing211100 China Key Laboratory of Water Big Data Technology of Ministry of Water Resources Hohai University Nanjing210098 China China Huaneng Group Co. Ltd Beijing100000 China College of Internet of Things Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications Nanjing210003 China

The future communication networks refers to large-scale mass-connected networks consisting of billions of cloud, edge, and end devices, which are expected to support the ever-growing communication demands. In the future communication networks, billions of end devices generate massive amount of data that needs to be processed and analyzed (e.g., model training). Artificial Intelligence of Things (AIoT) is a groundbreaking technology that leverages artificial intelligence models to process and analyze data generated by a large number of internet of things devices. As an emerging AIoT method, personalized Federated Learning (pFL) has emerged prominently in distributed model training using massive data from the future communication networks. However, it is challenging to accomplish high-performance and communication-efficient model training by existing pFL methods in the future communication networks, due to the following limitations. a) Dynamic role differences in each layer of a multi-layer model are neglected, leading to poor accuracy in customized models deployed on end devices. b) Owing to numerous end devices in the future communication networks, the communication frequency between a cloud server and end devices is extremely high in each communication round, resulting in expensive communication cost. To solve these two limitations, this paper presents a novel pFL framework for distributed model training in the future communication networks, called Adaptive Layer-wise personalized Federated Learning via Dual Delay Update (ALpFLDDU). First, in end devices, a layer-wise aggregation scheme based on an adaptive weight calculation mechanism is designed to capture the dynamic role differences of model layers. Second, in each communication round, we develop a dual delay update strategy to reduce communication frequency between a cloud server and end devices while ensuring model performance. Simulation experiments on text and image classification datasets are conducted. Th

关键词： Internet of things

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Cross-Domain Animal Pose Estimation with Skeleton Anomaly-Aware Learning

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IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology 2025年

作者： Han, Le Chen, Kaixuan Zhao, Lei Jiang, Yangbo Wang, Pengfei Zheng, Nenggan Zhejiang Hangzhou310007 China Zhejiang University College of Computer Science and Technology Zhejiang Hangzhou310007 China Zhejiang University State Key Laboratory of Blockchain and Data Security Zhejiang Hangzhou310007 China Institute of Blockchain and Data Security. China Zhejiang University School of Software Technology Ningbo China Zhejiang University State Key Lab of Brain-Machine Intelligence Hangzhou310007 China Zhejiang Provincial Government ZJU Collaborative Innovation Center for Artificial Intelligence by MOE Hangzhou310007 China Bengbu University School of Computer and Information Engineering Bengbu233030 China

Animal pose estimation is often constrained by the scarcity of annotations and the diversity of scenarios and species. The pseudo-label generation based unsupervised domain adaptation paradigm, which discriminates the predicted keypoints of unlabeled data based on the skeleton position consistency, has demonstrated effectiveness for such problems. However, existing methods generate pseudo-labels with massive false positives, because they cannot effectively distinguish sample pairs with the same errors. In this study, we propose a cross-domain animal pose estimation model from a novel perspective of skeleton anomaly learning. We construct a graph contrastive learning mechanism to acquire the skeleton anomaly-aware knowledge, which enables the generation of accurate pseudo-labels for target domain and imposes graph constraint on unlabeled data. And a skeleton anomaly-feedback based domain adaptation framework is designed to facilitate implicit alignment of object-specific features and joint training of cross-domain. Besides, we propose a novel rat pose dataset named UDARP-9.4K to address the gap of small-sized animal pose datasets encompassing diverse experimental scenarios. The related datasets are reviewed and evaluated in detail. Extensive experiments are conducted on UDARP-9.4K and two public datasets to demonstrate the superiority of the proposed model in cross-scenarios and cross-species animal pose estimation tasks. Further analysis reveals the effectiveness of the proposed model for skeleton structure feature learning. The UDARP-9.4K dataset is available here. © 1991-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Invertebrates

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Tuning-up Learning Parameters for Deep Convolutional Neural Network:A Case Study for Hand-Drawn Sketch Images

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Journal of Electronic science and Technology 2022年第3期20卷 305-318页

作者： Shaukat Hayat Kun She Muhammad Mateen Parinya Suwansrikham Muhammad Abdullah Ahmed Alghaili the School of Information and Software Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 610054 the School of Big Data&Software Engineering Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400044 the College of Information Science and Engineering Hunan UniversityChangsha 410082

Several recent successes in deep learning(DL),such as state-of-the-art performance on several image classification benchmarks,have been achieved through the improved ***(HPs)tuning is a key factor affecting the performance of machine learning(ML)*** state-of-the-art DL models use different HPs in different ways for classification tasks on different *** manuscript provides a brief overview of learning parameters and configuration techniques to show the benefits of using a large-scale handdrawn sketch dataset for classification *** analyzed the impact of different learning parameters and toplayer configurations with batch normalization(BN)and dropouts on the performance of the pre-trained visual geometry group 19(VGG-19).The analyzed learning parameters include different learning rates and momentum values of two different optimizers,such as stochastic gradient descent(SGD)and *** analysis demonstrates that using the SGD optimizer and learning parameters,such as small learning rates with high values of momentum,along with both BN and dropouts in top layers,has a good impact on the sketch image classification accuracy.

关键词： Deep learning(DL) hand-drawn sketches learning parameters

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