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Experimental and Modeling Study on Void Fraction Using Thermal Distribution Sensor in Horizontal Annular Flow

IEEE Sensors Journal 2025年第10期25卷 17640-17649页

作者： Zhao, Ning Chen, Xiangyi Sun, Mingcong Song, Yajing Fang, Lide Li, Zhibin Hebei University College of Quality and Technical Supervision Hebei Baoding071000 China National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Metrology Instrument and System Hebei Baoding071002 China CCIC North China Metrology Company Ltd. Beijing100070 China Chengdu University of Information Technology School of Software Engineering Chengdu610225 China Sichuan University of Arts and Science Dazhou Key Laboratory of Government Data Security Sichuan Dazhou635000 China Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Urumqi830011 China

The void fraction is an important parameter to characterize the characteristics of annular flow, which is an important precondition for calculating the flow velocity, average density, pressure gradient, and analyzing the flow status. Based on the principle of convective heat transfer, the effects of the void fraction α and the liquid Froude number Frl on the heat transfer coefficient h of annular flow are analyzed. The thermal distribution sensor of constant power type is designed in this article. Air-water annular flow experiments have been conducted in a stainless-steel tubular test section having an inside diameter of 17.0 mm on the high-precision small-diameter two-phase flow experimental device of Hebei University. The 75 sets of temperature T at four angles (0°, 90°, 180°, and 270°) of pipe circumference and entrainment E under different flow conditions were collected. Utilizing the S. L. Smith correlation, the void fraction is calculated. By introducing dimensionless heat transfer coefficient h+ , the prediction correlation of void fraction α , which could acceptably handle the data, is proposed. Laboratory results indicate that the relative error of 99% of the data is within the ±3% error band, the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of the correlation is 0.63%, and the root-mean-square error (RMSE) is 0.76%. © 2001-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Void fraction

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Preserving Location Privacy of IoT Devices in Heterogeneous Edge Computing Architecture Through Deniability-Based Authentication

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IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics 2025年

作者： Ali, Ikram Li, Jianqiang Chen, Jie Chen, Yong Ullah, Shamsher Wakeel, Abdul Shenzhen University National Engineering Laboratory of Big Data System Computing Technology Shenzhen518060 China Shenzhen University College of Computer Science and Software Engineering Shenzhen518060 China University of Electronic Science and Technology of China School of Automation Engineering Chengdu611731 China National University of Sciences and Technology Military College of Signals Department of Electrical Engineering Islamabad Pakistan

Edge computing moves cloud services closer to consumer Internet of Things (IoT) devices, reducing latency and bandwidth usage. This setup enables faster responses but also introduces new security challenges, particularly concerning location privacy when sender and receiver use different security techniques. The authentication process in such architectures can expose the location of IoT devices. To address this issue, researchers have proposed various privacy-preserving schemes. However, these are computationally heavy for IoT devices. To tackle this issue, we propose two novel heterogeneous deniable authentication schemes: HDA-IoT-I and HDA-IoT-II. These schemes use public-key infrastructure and identity-based cryptography to protect the location privacy of IoT devices in heterogeneous edge computing environments. Our schemes enable the designated edge device to verify the source of a message without being able to prove its origin to a third party, thus preserving privacy. Additionally, they incorporate a batch verification method, which speeds up the verification of multiple deniable authenticators. The proposed schemes are formally proven secure in the random oracle model based on the hardness assumption of elliptic curve inverse computational Diffie-Hellman problem. The performance evaluation demonstrate that our schemes significantly enhance computational and communication efficiency, making them suitable for IoT devices. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Differential privacy

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Ultrasound-Guided Registration Pseudo-Labels for Semi-Supervised Brachial Plexus Segmentation

Ultrasound-Guided Registration Pseudo-Labels for Semi-Superv...

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2025 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, ICASSP 2025

作者： Luo, Jia Zhang, Ze Ding, Yi Wang, Yiqian Zhang, Jian Network and Data Security Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province School of Information and Software Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu China Yibin GREAT Technology Co. Ltd. Yibin644000 China Sichuan Provincial Hospital for Women and Children/Affilated Women and Children's Hospital of Chengdu Medical College Chengdu610054 China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350368741

In semi-supervised medical image segmentation, two main challenges arise. First, the quality of pseudo-labels generated by segmentation networks in data-limited scenarios is often poor, reducing segmentation accuracy. Second, many methods fail to effectively utilize the temporal context in video data. Moreover, the intricate relationships among multiple targets make the conventional teacher-student network consistency loss unsuitable for multi-target tasks, leading to inaccurate feature capture and degraded performance. To address these issues, we propose a registration-based pseudo-label generation strategy that produces pseudo-labels more closely aligned with actual labels. Additionally, we introduce multiple guidance mechanisms into the teacher-student network to ensure correct optimization. Experimental results show that our approach significantly outperforms leading semi-supervised segmentation methods. Specifically, at a 50% label rate, our method improves the Dice coefficient by 6.9% over existing methods. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Multi-Object Registration Semi-Supervised Medical Image Segmentation

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AD-Det: Boosting Object Detection in UAV Images with Focused Small Objects and Balanced Tail Classes

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Li, Zhenteng Lian, Sheng Pan, Dengfeng Wang, Youlin Liu, Wei College of Computer and Data Science Fuzhou University Fuzhou350108 China Engineering Research Center of Big Data Intelligence Ministry of Education Fuzhou350002 China School of Software East China Jiaotong University Nanchang330013 China

Object detection in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) images poses significant challenges due to complex scale variations and class imbalance among objects. Existing methods often address these challenges separately, overlooking the intricate nature of UAV images and the potential synergy between them. In response, this paper proposes AD-Det, a novel framework employing a coherent coarse-to-fine strategy that seamlessly integrates two pivotal components: Adaptive Small Object Enhancement (ASOE) and Dynamic Class-balanced Copy-paste (DCC). ASOE utilizes a high-resolution feature map to identify and cluster regions containing small objects. These regions are subsequently enlarged and processed by a fine-grained detector. On the other hand, DCC conducts object-level resampling by dynamically pasting tail classes around the cluster centers obtained by ASOE, maintaining a dynamic memory bank for each tail class. This approach enables AD-Det to not only extract regions with small objects for precise detection but also dynamically perform reasonable resampling for tail-class objects. Consequently, AD-Det enhances the overall detection performance by addressing the challenges of scale variations and class imbalance in UAV images through a synergistic and adaptive framework. We extensively evaluate our approach on two public datasets, i.e., VisDrone and UAVDT, and demonstrate that AD-Det significantly outperforms existing competitive alternatives. Notably, AD-Det achieves a 37.5% Average Precision (AP) on the VisDrone dataset, surpassing its counterparts by at least 3.1%. Code will be available at https://***/gentlezachary/AD-Det. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Vehicle detection

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DBSSL: A Scheme to Detect Backdoor Attacks in Self-Supervised Learning Models

引用

IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing 2025年

作者： Huang, Yuxian Yang, Geng Yuan, Dong Yu, Shui Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunication College of Computer Science and Software China Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Big Data Security and Intelligent Processing China University of Sydney School of Electrical and Information Engineering Australia University of Technology Sydney School of Computer Science Australia

Recently, self-supervised learning has garnered significant attention for its ability to extract high-quality features from unlabeled data. However, existing research indicates that backdoor attacks can pose significant threats to self-supervised learning. Additionally, due to the substantial training overhead, traditional backdoor detection methods in supervised learning, such as meta-learning, are not well-suited for self-supervised learning. Current backdoor detection methods for self-supervised learning can only defend against backdoor attacks triggered by patch. To address this challenge, we proposes DBSSL, a scheme that can efficiently detect backdoor attacks in self-supervised learning models. In DBSSL, we connect backdoor attacks with adversarial attacks and use adversarial perturbations for detection. Specifically, we first conduct targeted adversarial attacks on the samples, classifying them into different classes. Then, we employ the Z-Score method to analyze these adversarial perturbations. If outliers are present, we can infer that the self-supervised learning model has been backdoored. Unlike previous works, our scheme is better suited for downstream users with constrained computation resources and exhibits excellent detection capabilities for backdoor attacks caused by patch -type or global triggers. Abundant theoretical analysis has demonstrated the feasibility of our scheme. Moreover, extensive experiments show that our method performs well in detecting prevalent backdoor attacks in self-supervised learning, achieving detection accuracy exceeding 95%. © 2004-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Self-supervised learning

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Learning with Open-world Noisy data via Class-independent Margin in Dual Representation Space

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Pan, Linchao Gao, Can Zhou, Jie Wang, Jinbao College of Computer Science and Software Engineering Shenzhen University China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing China National Engineering Laboratory for Big Data System Computing Technology Shenzhen University China

Learning with Noisy Labels (LNL) aims to improve the model generalization when facing data with noisy labels, and existing methods generally assume that noisy labels come from known classes, called closed-set noise. However, in real-world scenarios, noisy labels from similar unknown classes, i.e., open-set noise, may occur during the training and inference stage. Such open-world noisy labels may significantly impact the performance of LNL methods. In this study, we propose a novel dual-space joint learning method to robustly handle the open-world noise. To mitigate model overfitting on closed-set and open-set noises, a dual representation space is constructed by two networks. One is a projection network that learns shared representations in the prototype space, while the other is a One-Vs-All (OVA) network that makes predictions using unique semantic representations in the class-independent space. Then, bi-level contrastive learning and consistency regularization are introduced in two spaces to enhance the detection capability for data with unknown classes. To benefit from the memorization effects across different types of samples, class-independent margin criteria are designed for sample identification, which selects clean samples, weights closed-set noise, and filters open-set noise effectively. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our method outperforms the state-of-the-art methods and achieves an average accuracy improvement of 4.55% and an AUROC improvement of 6.17% on CIFAR80N. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Contrastive Learning

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Big-Moe: Bypassing Isolated Gating For Generalized Multimodal Face Anti-Spoofing

Big-Moe: Bypassing Isolated Gating For Generalized Multimoda...

引用

International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP)

作者： Yingjie Ma Zitong Yu Xun Lin Weicheng Xie Linlin Shen College of Computer Science and Software Engineering Shenzhen University Great Bay University National Engineering Laboratory for Big Data System Computing Technology Shenzhen University Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing

ISBN: (数字)9798350368741

ISBN: (纸本)9798350368758

In the domain of facial recognition security, multimodal Face Anti-Spoofing (FAS) is essential for countering presentation attacks. However, existing technologies encounter challenges due to modality biases and imbalances, as well as domain shifts. Our research introduces a Mixture of Experts (MoE) model to address these issues effectively. We identified three limitations in traditional MoE approaches to multimodal FAS: (1) Coarse-grained experts’ inability to capture nuanced spoofing indicators; (2) Gated networks’ susceptibility to input noise affecting decision-making; (3) MoE’s sensitivity to prompt tokens leading to overfitting with conventional learning methods. To mitigate these, we propose the Bypass Isolated Gating MoE (BIG-MoE) framework, featuring: (1) Fine-grained experts for enhanced detection of subtle spoofing cues; (2) An isolation gating mechanism to counteract input noise; (3) A novel differential convolutional prompt bypass enriching the gating network with critical local features, thereby improving perceptual capabilities. Extensive experiments on four benchmark datasets demonstrate significant generalization performance improvement in multimodal FAS task. The code is released at https://***/murInJ/BIG-MoE.

关键词： Convolutional codes Sensitivity Convolution Face recognition Noise Logic gates Feature extraction Security Speech processing Overfitting

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AD-Det: Boosting Object Detection in UAV Images with Focused Small Objects and Balanced Tail Classes

引用

Remote Sensing 2025年第9期17卷 1556-1556页

作者： Li, Zhenteng Lian, Sheng Pan, Dengfeng Wang, Youlin Liu, Wei College of Computer and Data Science Fuzhou University Fuzhou350108 China Engineering Research Center of Big Data Intelligence Ministry of Education Fuzhou350002 China Key Laboratory of Intelligent Metro of Universities in Fujian Fuzhou350108 China School of Software and Information Engineering East China Jiaotong University Nanchang330013 China

Object detection in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) images poses significant challenges due to complex scale variations and class imbalance among objects. Existing methods often address these challenges separately, overlooking the intricate nature of UAV images and the potential synergy between them. In response, this paper proposes AD-Det, a novel framework employing a coherent coarse-to-fine strategy that seamlessly integrates two pivotal components: adaptive small object enhancement (ASOE) and dynamic class-balanced copy–paste (DCC). ASOE utilizes a high-resolution feature map to identify and cluster regions containing small objects. These regions are subsequently enlarged and processed by a fine-grained detector. On the other hand, DCC conducts object-level resampling by dynamically pasting tail classes around the cluster centers obtained by ASOE, maintaining a dynamic memory bank for each tail class. This approach enables AD-Det to not only extract regions with small objects for precise detection but also dynamically perform reasonable resampling for tail-class objects. Consequently, AD-Det enhances the overall detection performance by addressing the challenges of scale variations and class imbalance in UAV images through a synergistic and adaptive framework. We extensively evaluate our approach on two public datasets, i.e., VisDrone and UAVDT, and demonstrate that AD-Det significantly outperforms existing competitive alternatives. Notably, AD-Det achieves a (Formula presented.) average precision (AP) on the VisDrone dataset, surpassing its counterparts by at least (Formula presented.). © 2025 by the authors.

关键词： Vehicle detection

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A spectrum-enhanced attention model for semantic segmentation of remote sensing images

A spectrum-enhanced attention model for semantic segmentatio...

引用

2025 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, ICASSP 2025

作者： Li, Xin Xu, Feng Tao, Feifei Tong, Yao Lyu, Xin Zhong, Jianyi Kaup, André College of Computer Science and Software Engineering Hohai University Nanjing China Key Laboratory of Water Big Data Technology Ministry of Water Resources Hohai University Nanjing China School of Computer Engineering Jiangsu Ocean University Lianyungang China School of Artificial Intelligence and Information Technology Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing China Multimedia Communications and Signal Processing Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg Erlangen Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9798350368741

Semantic segmentation of remote sensing images (RSIs) is essential for applications such as environmental monitoring, urban planning, and disaster management. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and their variants struggle to capture comprehensive spectral context for learning discriminative representations. In this paper, we propose a Spectrum-Enhanced Network (SPENet) that leverages the Frequency Transformer Block (FTB) to capture rich spectral context. FTB integrates Spectrum-Enhanced Attention (SEA) with Multi-Head Frequency Self-Attention (MH-FSA), incorporating more informative contextual cues. Specifically, SEA aggregates spectral statistics through covariance matrix normalization before applying channel-wise attention. By projecting feature maps onto the frequency domain, MH-FSA provides the network with a broader context, extending beyond the low-frequency focus of standard self-attention mechanisms. Extensive experiments on the ISPRS Potsdam and LoveDA datasets show that SPENet significantly outperforms state-of-the-art methods. Besides, the proposed SEA module notably rises average F1-score/overall accuracy/mean insert over union wiht more than 2.5/2.6%/2.3%, as demonstrated by ablation study. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： frequency transformer remote sensing images Semantic segmentation spectrum enhancement

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A Trust-Based Personalized Differential Privacy Guarantees for Online Social Networks

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IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management 2025年

作者： Chen, Jiajun Hu, Chunqiang Sheng, Weihong Li, Ruinian Zhao, Ruifeng Yu, Jiguo Chongqing University College of Computer Science Chongqing401331 China Chongqing University School of Big Data and Software Engineering Chongqing401331 China Bowling Green State University Computer Science Department United States Electric Power Dispatching and Control Center of Guangdong Power Grid Co. Ltd Guangzhou China University of Electronic Science and Technology of China School of Information and Software Engineering Chengdu611731 China Qilu University of Technology Big Data Institute Jinan250353 China

Online social networks have emerged as a significant data source, but the extensive collection and utilization of personal information have given rise to profound concerns regarding privacy. From a legislative and policy perspective, and in alignment with the concept of privacy as control, users have the right to control their personal privacy information. However, users often encounter challenges in terms of understanding and effectively managing their privacy settings to align with their specific privacy requirements. To address this issue, in this paper, we incorporate the concept of trust and propose a trust-based personalized differential privacy model for online social networks, denoted as TPDP, which relies on a trusted central server to facilitate its operation. Specifically, when a user requests access to another user's personal information, the TPDP mechanism provides a privacy response, where the privacy level is determined based on the direct and indirect trust values among users, calculated automatically by the trusted central server. Furthermore, the proposed TPDP model offers user-to-user personalized differential privacy protection from the perspectives of network structures, trust-related factors, and trust propagation patterns. Finally, we validate the model's feasibility and assess the privacy-utility trade-off, as well as its robustness against attacks, through theoretical analysis and performance evaluation. © 2004-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Differential privacy

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