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arXiv 2024年

作者： Jiang, Yuncheng Feng, Chun-Mei Ren, Jinke Wei, Jun Zhang, Zixun Hu, Yiwen Liu, Yunbi Sun, Rui Tang, Xuemei Du, Juan Wan, Xiang Xu, Yong Du, Bo Gao, Xin Wang, Guangyu Zhou, Shaohua Cui, Shuguang Goh, Rick Siow Mong Liu, Yong Li, Zhen Shenzhen518172 China Shenzhen518172 China Institute of High Performance Computing Agency for Science Technology and Research Singapore138632 Singapore College of Computer Science and Software Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen518060 China Shenzhen Research Institute of Big Data Shenzhen518172 China South China Hospital Health Science Center Shenzhen University Shenzhen518111 China School of Computer Science Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications Nanjing210023 China Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College Sichuan637000 China North Sichuan Medical College Sichuan637000 China Shenzhen518055 China School of Computer Science Wuhan University Wuhan430072 China Thuwal23955-6900 Saudi Arabia Thuwal23955-6900 Saudi Arabia Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing100876 China School of Biomedical Engineering Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research University of Science and Technology of China Suzhou215123 China Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China

Ultrasound imaging is widely used in clinical diagnosis due to its non-invasive nature and real-time capabilities. However, conventional ultrasound diagnostics face several limitations, including high dependence on physician expertise and suboptimal image quality, which complicates interpretation and increases the likelihood of diagnostic errors. Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a promising solution to enhance clinical diagnosis, particularly in detecting abnormalities across various biomedical imaging modalities. Nonetheless, current AI models for ultrasound imaging face critical challenges. First, these models often require large volumes of labeled medical data, raising concerns over patient privacy breaches. Second, most existing models are task-specific, which restricts their broader clinical utility. To overcome these challenges, we present UltraFedFM, an innovative privacy-preserving ultrasound foundation model. UltraFedFM is collaboratively pre-trained using federated learning across 16 distributed medical institutions in 9 countries, leveraging a dataset of over 1 million ultrasound images covering 19 organs and 10 ultrasound modalities. This extensive and diverse data, combined with a secure training framework, enables UltraFedFM to exhibit strong generalization and diagnostic capabilities. It achieves an average area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.927 for disease diagnosis and a dice similarity coefficient (DSC) of 0.878 for lesion segmentation. Notably, UltraFedFM surpasses the diagnostic accuracy of mid-level ultrasonographers (4–8 years of experience) and matches the performance of expert-level sonographers (10+ years of experience) in the joint diagnosis of 8 common systemic diseases. These findings indicate that UltraFedFM can significantly enhance clinical diagnostics while safeguarding patient privacy, marking a significant advancement in AI-driven ultrasound imaging for future clinical applications. Copyri

关键词： Differential privacy

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A review of neuro-symbolic AI integrating reasoning and learning for advanced cognitive systems

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Intelligent Systems with Applications 2025年 26卷

作者： Nawaz, Uzma Anees-ur-Rahaman, Mufti Saeed, Zubair Knowledge and Data Science Research Centre Department of Computer and Software Engineering College of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering National University of Science and Technology Islamabad Pakistan Military College of Signals National University of Science and Technology Islamabad Pakistan Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering Texas A&M University College StationTX United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Texas A&M University at Qatar Doha Qatar

Neuro-symbolic AI represents the convergence of two principal paradigms in artificial intelligence: neural networks, which are efficient in data-driven learning, and symbolic reasoning, which offers explainability and logical inference. This hybrid methodology combines the adaptability of neural networks with symbolic AI's interpretability and formal reasoning abilities, which provide a practical framework for advanced cognitive systems. This paper analyzes the present condition of neuro-symbolic AI, emphasizing essential techniques that combine reasoning and learning. We explore models such as Logic Tensor Networks, Differentiable Logic Programs, and Neural Theorem Provers. The study analyzes their impact on the advancement of cognitive systems in natural language processing, robotics, and decision-making. The paper examines the challenges faced by neuro-symbolic AI, such as scalability, integration with multimodal data, and maintaining interpretability without compromising efficiency. By evaluating the strengths and weaknesses of many methodologies, we comprehensively understand the field's development and its potential to revolutionize intelligent systems. In addition, we identify emerging research areas, including the incorporation of ethical frameworks and the development of adaptive dynamic neuro-symbolic systems that respond in real-time. This review aims to guide future research by providing insights into the potential of neuro-symbolic AI to influence the development of the next generation of intelligent, explainable, and adaptive systems. © 2025

关键词： Natural language processing systems

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Heterophily-Aware Graph Attention Network

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Wang, Junfu Guo, Yuanfang Yang, Liang Wang, Yunhong State Key Laboratory of Software Development Environment Beihang University Beijing100191 China School of Computer Science and Engineering Beihang University Beijing100191 China Shen Yuan Honors College Beihang University Beijing100191 China School of Artificial Intelligence Hebei University of Technology Tianjin300401 China Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Big Data Calculation Hebei University of Technology Tianjin300401 China

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have shown remarkable success in graph representation learning. Unfortunately, current weight assignment schemes in standard GNNs, such as the calculation based on node degrees or pair-wise representations, can hardly be effective in processing the networks with heterophily, in which the connected nodes usually possess different labels or features. Existing heterophilic GNNs tend to ignore the modeling of heterophily of each edge, which is also a vital part in tackling the heterophily problem. In this paper, we first propose a heterophily-aware attention scheme and reveal the benefits of modeling the edge heterophily, i.e., if a GNN assigns different weights to edges according to different heterophilic types, it can learn effective local attention patterns, enabling nodes to acquire appropriate information from distinct neighbors. Then, we propose a novel Heterophily-Aware Graph Attention Network (HA-GAT) by fully exploring and utilizing the local distribution as the underlying heterophily, to handle the networks with different homophily ratios. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed HA-GAT, we analyze the proposed heterophily-aware attention scheme and local distribution exploration, by seeking an interpretation from their mechanism. Extensive results demonstrate that our HA-GAT achieves state-of-the-art performances on eight datasets with different homophily ratios in both the supervised and semi-supervised node classification tasks. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Graph neural networks

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An enhanced MinHash encryption scheme for encrypted deduplication

An enhanced MinHash encryption scheme for encrypted deduplic...

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IEEE International Conference on Trust, Security and Privacy in Computing and Communications (TrustCom)

作者： Qiaowen Jia Guanxiong Ha Hanwei Wang Haoyu Ma Hang Chen State Key Laboratory of Computer Science Institute of Software Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China College of Cyber Science Nankai University Tianjin China Tianjin Key Laboratory of Network and Data Security Technology Tianjin China Zhejiang Lab Hangzhou China The School of Cyber Engineering Xidian University Xi’an China

The encrypted deduplication can provide both storage savings and data confidentiality for cloud storage systems. Convergent encryption (CE) is a well-known solution for encrypted deduplication, but it brings huge computation and storage overheads for key management. MinHash encryption is an effective solution to this issue. It reduces the number of keys by grouping multiple consecutive chunks into segments and generating one key for each segment. However, MinHash encryption does not take full advantage of the segment similarity, which can be used to further reduce the overhead for key management. To this end, we augment MinHash encryption with Bloom filter and Locality Sensitivity Hash (LSH) to design an enhanced MinHash encryption scheme. Firstly, our scheme generates a sketch for each segment based on the Bloom filter, and projects sketches to the points in a hash table through LSH functions. Secondly, we detect the segment similarity by the distance between points, and similar segments are grouped into super-segments. Finally, we combine MinHash encryption and server-aided message-locked encryption to encrypt the super-segments for achieving encrypted deduplication. We conduct trace-driven experiments using a realworld dataset. Compared with MinHash encryption, our scheme has higher storage efficiency and better encryption performance.

关键词： Privacy Maximum likelihood estimation data privacy Cloud computing Sensitivity Encryption

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ImplantFormer: Vision Transformer based Implant Position Regression Using Dental CBCT data

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Yang, Xinquan Li, Xuguang Li, Xuechen Wu, Peixi Shen, Linlin Deng, Yongqiang College of Computer Science and Software Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen China AI Research Center for Medical Image Analysis and Diagnosis Shenzhen University Shenzhen China National Engineering Laboratory for Big Data System Computing Technology Shenzhen University China Department of Stomatology Shenzhen University General Hospital Shenzhen China The School of Dentistry Shenzhen University Shenzhen China

Implant prosthesis is the most appropriate treatment for dentition defect or dentition loss, which usually involves a surgical guide design process to decide the implant position. However, such design heavily relies on the subjective experiences of dentists. In this paper, a transformer-based Implant Position Regression Network, ImplantFormer, is proposed to automatically predict the implant position based on the oral CBCT data. We creatively propose to predict the implant position using the 2D axial view of the tooth crown area and fit a centerline of the implant to obtain the actual implant position at the tooth root. Convolutional stem and decoder are designed to coarsely extract image features before the operation of patch embedding and integrate multi-level feature maps for robust prediction, respectively. As both long-range relationship and local features are involved, our approach can better represent global information and achieves better location performance. Extensive experiments on a dental implant dataset through five-fold cross-validation demonstrated that the proposed ImplantFormer achieves superior performance than existing methods. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Forecasting

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Boosting Connectivity in Retinal Vessel Segmentation via a Recursive Semantics-Guided Network 23rd

Boosting Connectivity in Retinal Vessel Segmentation via a R...

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23rd International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention, MICCAI 2020

作者： Xu, Rui Liu, Tiantian Ye, Xinchen Lin, Lin Chen, Yen-Wei DUT-RU International School of Information Science and Engineering Dalian University of Technology Dalian China DUT-RU Co-Research Center of Advanced ICT for Active Life Dalian China Key Laboratory for Ubiquitous Network and Service Software of Liaoning Province Dalian China College of Software Dalian University of Technology Dalian China College of Information Science and Engineering Ritsumeikan University Kusatsu Japan Research Center of Healthcare Data Science Zhejiang Lab Hangzhou China

ISBN: (纸本)9783030597214

Many deep learning based methods have been proposed for retinal vessel segmentation, however few of them focus on the connectivity of segmented vessels, which is quite important for a practical computer-aided diagnosis system on retinal images. In this paper, we propose an efficient network to address this problem. A U-shape network is enhanced by introducing a semantics-guided module, which integrates the enriched semantics information to shallow layers for guiding the network to explore more powerful features. Besides, a recursive refinement iteratively applies the same network over the previous segmentation results for progressively boosting the performance while increasing no extra network parameters. The carefully designed recursive semantics-guided network has been extensively evaluated on several public datasets. Experimental results have shown the efficiency of the proposed method. © 2020, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： Semantics

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Correction: DeepDet: YAMNet with BottleNeck Attention Module (BAM) for TTS synthesis detection

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EURASIP Journal on Audio, Speech, and Music Processing 2024年第1期2024卷 1-1页

作者： Mahum, Rabbia Irtaza, Aun Javed, Ali Mahmoud, Haitham A. Hassan, Haseeb Computer Science Department UET Taxila Taxila Pakistan Software Engineering Department UET Taxila Taxila Pakistan Industrial Engineering Department College of Engineering King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia College of Big Data and Internet Shenzhen Technology University (SZTU) Shenzhen China

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High-dimensional limited-sample biomedical data classification using variational autoencoder 16th

High-dimensional limited-sample biomedical data classificati...

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16th Australasian Conference on data Mining, AusDM 2018

作者： Mahmud, Mohammad Sultan Fu, Xianghua Huang, Joshua Zhexue Masud, Md. Abdul Big Data Institute College of Computer Science and Software Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen518060 China

ISBN: (纸本)9789811366604

Biomedical prediction is vital to the modern scientific view of life, but it is a challenging task due to high-dimensionality, limited-sample size (also known as HDLSS problem), non-linearity, and data types tend are complex. A large number of dimensionality reduction techniques developed, but, unfortunately, not efficient with small-sample (observation) size dataset. To overcome the pitfalls of the sample-size and dimensionality this study employed variational autoencoder (VAE), which is a powerful framework for unsupervised learning in recent years. The aim of this study is to investigate a reliable biomedical diagnosis method for HDLSS dataset with minimal error. Hence, to evaluate the strength of the proposed model six genomic microarray datasets from Kent Ridge Repository were applied. In the experiment, several choices of dimensions were selected for data preprocessing. Moreover, to find a stable and suitable classifier, different popular classifiers were applied. The experimental results found that the VAE can provide superior performance compared to the traditional methods such as PCA, fastICA, FA, NMF, and LDA. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2019.

关键词： Large dataset

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Shape-aware contrastive deep supervision for esophageal tumor segmentation from CT scans

Shape-aware contrastive deep supervision for esophageal tumo...

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IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM)

作者： Qiangguo Jin Hui Cui Changming Sun Jiapeng Huang Ping Xuan Yiyue Xu Linlin Wang Leilei Cao Leyi Wei Ran Su School of Software Northwestern Polytechnical University Shaanxi China Yangtze River Delta Research Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University Taicang China Department of Computer Science and Information Technology La Trobe University Melbourne Australia CSIRO Data61 Sydney Australia Department of Computer Science School of Engineering Shantou University Guangdong China Department of Radiation Oncology Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences Shandong China Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Zhejiang University Zhejiang China School of Software Shandong University Shandong China School of Computer Software College of Intelligence and Computing Tianjin University Tianjin China

Accurate tumor segmentation is crucial for esophageal cancer radiotherapy treatment planning. The low contrast among the esophagus, tumors, and surrounding tissues, and irregular tumor shapes limit the performance of automatic segmentation methods. In this paper, we aim to exploit the irregular shapes of tumors to facilitate accurate segmentation. We propose a simple and pluggable shape-aware contrastive deep supervision network (SCDSNet) with shape-aware regularization and voxel-to-voxel contrastive deep supervision. Specifically, the shape-aware regularization with an uncertainty minimization strategy encourages the precise predictions of an additional shape-aware head. The voxel-to-voxel contrastive deep supervision enhances the multi-scale shape-tumor contrast for better voxel-to-voxel prediction of shapes. The proposed method is simple and highly pluggable, which can easily be extended to other frameworks. Further, we establish a large in-house dataset on esophageal cancer to validate the effectiveness of our proposed method. The quantitative and qualitative experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of SCDSNet on the esophageal cancer dataset.

关键词：

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Feature Selection Based on Genetic Algorithm With Stochastic Disturbance Local Optimization

Feature Selection Based on Genetic Algorithm With Stochastic...

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IEEE International Conference on Cloud Computing and Intelligence Systems (CCIS)

作者： Lingyun Guo Guohe Li Ying Li Zheng Li College of Information Science and Engineering China University of Petroleum(Beijing) Beijing China Beijing Key Lab of Petroleum Data Mining China University of Petroleum(Beijing) Beijing China College of Software Henan Normal University Henan Xinxiang China

ISBN: (纸本)9781665441506

The paper proposes a feature selection method based on genetic algorithm with stochastic disturbance local optimization (GASD) for data dimension reduction problem. In this algorithm, a local search module is introduced into every search iteration under the global search framework of genetic algorithm. In the local search, a stochastic disturbance mechanism is utilized to update the current optimal feature subset. The optimal feature subset is obtained by using global search and optimized local search. Experimental results show that GASD can effectively delete redundant features, reduce data dimensions, and improve the generalization ability of classification model, especially in high-dimensional data.

关键词： Dimensionality reduction Cloud computing Conferences Stochastic processes Feature extraction data models Classification algorithms

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