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A Multi-Scale Deep Learning Framework Combining MobileViT-ECA and LSTM for Accurate ECG Analysis

IEEE Access 2025年 13卷 85473-85492页

作者： Ba Mahel, Abduljabbar S. Al-Gaashani, Mehdhar S. A. M. Alkanhel, Reem Ibrahim Hassan, Dina S. M. Muthanna, Mohammed Saleh Ali Muthanna, Ammar Aziz, Ahmed University of Electronic Science and Technology of China School of Life Science and Technology Chengdu610054 China University of Electronic Science and Technology of China School of Resources and Environment Chengdu610056 China Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University College of Computer and Information Sciences Department of Information Technology P.O. Box 84428 Riyadh11671 Saudi Arabia Tashkent State University of Economics Department of International Business Management Tashkent Uzbekistan RUDN University Department of Applied Probability and Informatics Peoples’Friendship University of Russia 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St Moscow117198 Russia Faculty of Computer and Artificial Intelligence Benha University Department of Computer Science Egypt Central Asian University Engineering school Tashkent Uzbekistan

Electrocardiogram (ECG) analysis is crucial for diagnosing cardiovascular diseases (CVD), especially atrial fibrillation (AF), a prevalent cardiac rhythm abnormality. However, the variability and complexity of ECG signals make AF classification challenging, highlighting the need for more accurate and reliable methods. This paper introduces a novel deep learning (DL) architecture designed to enhance the processing, feature extraction, and analysis of ECG signals. The proposed model utilizes a hybrid framework that combines standard and dilated convolutional networks, advanced attention mechanisms, and temporal sequence learning to address the complexities of ECG data. A parallel architecture integrates a MobileViT block for efficient spatial feature extraction and an Efficient Channel Attention (ECA) module to refine feature representations. Simultaneously, a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network captures temporal dependencies in the data. The concatenation of the outputs from both the MobileViT-ECA block and the LSTM network allows for the extraction of both local and global features. Fully connected layers, along with dropout regularization, ensure robust performance and effective classification. We analyzed ECG signals of three different lengths (1, 2, and 3 seconds) to investigate how segment length affects model performance. Additionally, we conducted various classification scenarios and an ablation study to simulate real-world conditions and identify key components of the architecture. Our experimental findings show that the model attains high accuracy in ECG classification and AF identification, with average metrics including accuracy of 87.80%, recall of 87.80%, F1-score of 87.45%, and specificity of 95.66%. The proposed model outperforms existing methods on the same AF dataset, demonstrating its superior performance. This method accurately classifies ECG signals and detects AF, highlighting its potential for clinical application. The results help move forwar

关键词： Electrocardiography

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Effects of reflection distance on Richtmyer–Meshkov instability in the reshock process: A discrete Boltzmann study

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Lai, Huilin Lin, Chuandong Li, Demei Yang, Tao Gan, Yanbiao Lian, Lingyan Xu, Aiguo Fujian Normal University Fuzhou350117 China Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology Sun Yat-sen University Zhuhai519082 China Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education Department of Energy and Power Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China Hebei Key Laboratory of Trans-Media Aerial Underwater Vehicle School of Liberal Arts and Sciences North China Institute of Aerospace Engineering Langfang065000 China National Key Laboratory of Computational Physics Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics P. O. Box 8009-26 Beijing100088 China National Key Laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation Physics Mianyang621999 China HEDPS Center for Applied Physics and Technology College of Engineering Peking University Beijing100871 China State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Safety Protection Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing100081 China

The Richtmyer–Meshkov (RM) instability occurs when a perturbed interface between two fluids undergoes impulsive acceleration due to a shock wave. In this paper, a numerical investigation of the RM instability during the reshock process is conducted using the two-component discrete Boltzmann method. The influence of reflection distance on the RM instability, including both hydrodynamic and thermodynamic non-equilibrium effects, is explored in detail. The interaction time between the reflected shock wave and the material interface varies with different reflection distances. Larger reflection distances lead to a longer evolution time of the material interface before reshock, resulting in more complex effects on the interface deformation, the mixing extent of the fluid system, and non-equilibrium behaviors after reshock. Additionally, while the reflection distance has a minimal impact on mixing entropy before the secondary impact, a significant difference emerges after the secondary impact. This suggests that the secondary impact enhances the evolution of the RM instability. Furthermore, non-equilibrium behaviors or quantities exhibit complex dynamics due to the influence of the transmitted shock wave, transverse waves, rarefaction waves, material interfaces, and dissipation/diffusion processes. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Shock waves

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Tuning the Donor - Acceptor Ratio in Resorcinol - Formaldehyde Resin to Achieve Superior Photocatalytic Hydrogen Peroxide Production

SSRN

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SSRN 2025年

作者： Wang, Wuming Tang, Yuyang Ran, Jiaqi Peng, Cheng Chu, Wenhai State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse College of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai200092 China Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security Shanghai200092 China International Joint Research Center for Sustainable Urban Water System Tongji University Shanghai200092 China Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai201800 China Tongji University China

Photocatalytic production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) represents a clean and sustainable method to produce H2O2 in recent years. Although this vision is very appealing, the development of high - performance catalysts remain a critical challenge in this field. Resorcinol-formaldehyde resin, a newly identified semiconductor material, has demonstrated significant potential for H2O2 production, owing to its distinctive structural characteristics and catalytic activity. Within this resin, phenolic and quinone units serve as electron donors and acceptors, respectively, forming conjugated donor - acceptor (D - A) pairs. This conjugated network facilitates charge carrier separation and migration under light irradiation, ultimately leading to the generation of H2O2 through interaction with molecular oxygen. Nevertheless, the effect of the relative content of electron donors and acceptors on photocatalytic activity has yet to be fully elucidated. To address this knowledge gap and enhance the performance of resins, this study systematically investigated the relationship between the donor - acceptor ratio and photocatalytic H2O2 production. Our findings demonstrated a robust linear correlation (R2 = 0.99) between the D - A ratio and the photocatalytic H2O2 yield. Within a specific range, a lower D - A ratio resulted in enhanced light absorption, improved charge carrier separation efficiency, and subsequently, higher photocatalytic activity for H2O2 production. The resorcinol - formaldehyde resin with optimized D - A ratio achieved an energy conversion efficiency of 1.3 % over 5 hours, outperforming all catalysts reported to date. This work provided a deeper understanding of the intrinsic structure - activity relationship within D - A type photocatalysts, offering a novel perspective for the development of high - performance catalysts. © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Light absorption

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Hierarchical porous carbon toward effective cathode in advanced zinc-cerium redox flow battery

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Journal of Rare Earths 2014年第10期32卷 973-978页

作者：谢志鹏杨斌蔡定建杨亮 College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Jiangxi University of Science and Technology State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization Changchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences

Advanced zinc-cerium redox flow battery（ZCRFB） is a large-scale energy storage system which plays a significant role in the application of new energy sources. The requirement of superior cathode with high acitivity and fast ion diffusion is a hierarchical porous structure, which was synthesized in this work by a method in which both hard template and soft template were used. The structure and the performance of the cathode prepared here were characterized and evaluated by a variety of techniques such as scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, transmission electron microscopy（TEM）, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS）, cyclic voltammetry（CV）, linear sweep voltammetry（LSV）, and chronoamperometry（CA）. There were mainly three types of pore size within the hierarchical porous carbon： 2 μm, 80 nm, and 10 nm. The charge capacity of the cell using hierarchical porous carbon（HPC） as positive electrode was obviously larger than that using carbon felt; the former was 665.5 mAh with a coulombic efficiency of 89.0% and an energy efficiency of 79.0%, whereas the latter was 611.1 mAh with a coulombic efficiency of 81.5% and an energy efficiency of 68.6%. In addition, performance of the ZCRFB using HPC as positive electrode showed a good stability over 50 *** results showed that the hierarchical porous carbon was superior over the carbon felt for application in ZCRFB.

关键词： new energy energy storage redox flow battery hierarchical porous carbon cerium carbon felt electrode electrolyte rare earths

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Droplet coalescence kinetics: Coalescence mechanisms and thermodynamic non-equilibrium effects under isothermal and non-isothermal conditions

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Sun, Guanglan Gan, Yanbiao Yang, Bin Xu, Aiguo Liu, Zhipeng Hebei Key Laboratory of Trans-Media Aerial Underwater Vehicle School of Liberal Arts and Sciences North China Institute of Aerospace Engineering Langfang065000 China School of Energy and Safety Engineering Tianjin Chengjian University Tianjin300384 China National Key Laboratory of Computational Physics Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics P. O. Box 8009-26 Beijing100088 China National Key Laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation Physics Mianyang621999 China HEDPS Center for Applied Physics and Technology College of Engineering Peking University Beijing100871 China State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Safety Protection Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing100081 China School of Science Tianjin Chengjian University Tianjin300384 China

Droplet coalescence is a multiscale phenomenon driven by multiple thermodynamic non-equilibrium (TNE) effects. This study investigates the droplet coalescence mechanisms and the interplay between various TNE effects under isothermal and non-isothermal conditions kinetically. The main findings include: (1) Coalescence initiation and cut-through mechanisms: In non-isothermal conditions, the temperature rise caused by the release of latent heat during phase transition slightly increases the surface tension gradient (driving force) near the contact point of the two droplets, while significantly enhancing the pressure gradient (resistance). This results in a significantly prolonged coalescence initiation time compared to the isothermal case. The additional temperature field effect increases the spatial complexity of both the flow field and droplet morphology. Regarding the cut-through mechanism, in both cases, pressure extends the liquid-vapor interface in opposite directions, promoting the growth of the liquid bridge. (2) TNE effects: Latent heat-induced temperature rise significantly refrains the TNE intensity in thermal case. Before and after droplet contact, non-equilibrium quantities driven by the temperature gradient (∆∗3,1 and ∆∗3) and those driven by the velocity gradient (∆∗2 and ∆∗4,2), alternate in dominating the coalescence process. This competition and interplay result in a more complex spatial and spatiotemporal evolution of TNE effects compared to the isothermal case, where the TNE intensity is primarily dominated by ∆∗2 and ∆∗4,2. (3) Entropy production mechanisms: In the non-isothermal case, entropy production is contributed not only by ∆∗2 but also by ∆∗3,1, with the former being the dominant contributor. The temperature field reduces the entropy production rate, while extends its duration, and increases the total entropy production. Before and after droplet cut-through, the entropy production rates from ∆∗2 and ∆∗3,1 alternate in dominating the total e

关键词： Latent heat

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Efficacy of Scrap Crumb Tire Rubber as Partial Replacement For Fine Aggregates in the Compressive Strength of Concrete

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Revilla, Victor J. Arceo, Jonald C. Arevalo, Dominic L. Guinoo, Renjay E. Huerte, Christian Jovir Reyes, Kent M. Vilando, Anabella Bicol State College of Applied Sciences and Technology College of Engineering 4400 Philippines

The disposal of waste tire rubber posed a significant environmental challenge worldwide. In response, the integration of scrap crumb tire rubber into concrete emerged as a promising solution for managing this waste while enhancing the sustainability of construction materials. By utilizing scrap crumb tire rubber as a partial replacement for fine aggregates, this approach offered several benefits, including eco-friendly disposal of non-biodegradable scrap crumb tire rubber and reduced usage of traditional aggregates. This thesis investigated the effectiveness of this approach by examining various percentages of rubber ranging from 5% to 20%. Through casting and curing of 16 concrete specimens over a period of 28 days, the study assessed their compressive strength. The results revealed that as the percentage of rubber increased, the concrete’s strength tended to decrease. However, for non-load-bearing structures requiring a minimum compressive strength of 3.45 MPa, percentages of 5% exhibited compressive strengths of 26 MPa, 21 MPa, 28 MPa, and 24 MPa, percentages of 10% established 22 MPa, 20 MPa, 26 MPa, and 22 MPa, percentages of 15% displayed 17 MPa, 11 MPa, 19 MPa, and 18 MPa, and percentages of 20% laid out compressive strengths of 11 MPa, 11 MPa, 15 MPa, and 15 MPa. These results offered valuable insights for engineers and researchers seeking sustainable alternatives to traditional construction materials. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Compressive strength

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Nature Communications 2025年第1期16卷 1-10页

作者： Xu, Boyi Fu, Jinyue Huang, Lanyu Ge, Cuihuan Xu, Zheyuan Zheng, Weihao Deng, Qiqi Xie, Shengyi Tong, Qingjun Li, Dong Jiang, Ying Yuan, Hongtao Pan, Anlian School of Physics and Electronics Hunan University Changsha China Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province Hunan University Changsha China College of Materials Science and Engineering Hunan University Changsha China Hunan Institute of Optoelectronic Integration Hunan University Changsha China College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies National University of Defense Technology Changsha China National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing China Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials Nanjing University Nanjing China College of Engineering and Applied Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing China Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing China School of Physics and Electronics Hunan Normal University Changsha China

Correlated insulating states such as fermionic and bosonic insulators have been observed individually in transition metal dichalcogenide heterostructures. However, the interplay between fermionic and bosonic correlated states and their dynamical evolution on a single system, remain largely unexplored. Here, we demonstrate that the twisted trilayer heterostructures host an unconventional fermionic complex, namely the charge-layer-locked trion with a symmetric charge configuration. Owing to its spatially-indirect charge distribution, this fermionic trion can dynamically evolve into a bosonic inter-layer exciton plus an extra charge under an external optical or electric field, making the trilayer system a flexible platform to generate fermionic and bosonic quasiparticles as well as their mixtures. Notably, this charge-layer-locked trion can serve as a reservoir for both charge and exciton fillings of the lattice, where the resulting correlated insulating state can evolve from fermionic, fermionic-bosonic, to bosonic nature as controllably tuning of the external optical and electric fields. These results highlight that the hetero-trilayer semiconductors are an informative toy-model system to simulate the many-body correlations ranging from Fermi-, Fermi-Bose-, to Bose-Hubbard Hamiltonians. © The Author(s) 2025.

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Ultrasmall PtCu nanosheets as a broadband phototheranostic agent in near-infrared biowindow

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2025年第6期36卷

作者： Zhang, Ying Shen, Chuang Zhang, Jiaxu Shen, Qi Xu, Fei Wang, Shengheng Hu, Jiuyi Saleem, Faisal Huang, Feng Luo, Zhimin State Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (LoFE) & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials and Theranostic Technology Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) College of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology) School of Chemistry and Life Sciences Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications Nanjing 210023 China State Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (LoFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies) Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) Nanjing 211816 China Department of Human Anatomy Laboratory of Clinical Applied Anatomy Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases of Fujian Province School of Basic Medical Sciences Fujian Medical University Fuzhou 350122 China

Broadband photothermal and photoacoustic agents in the near-infrared (NIR) biowindow are of significance for cancer phototheranostics. In this work, PtCu nanosheets with an average lateral size of less than 10 nm are synthesized as NIR photothermal and photoacoustic agents in vivo, which show strong light absorption from NIR-I to NIR-II biowindows with the photothermal conversion efficiencies of 20.4% under 808 nm laser and 32.7% under 1064 nm laser. PtCu nanosheets functionalized with folic acid-modified thiol-poly(ethylene glycol) (SH-PEG-FA) present good biocompatibility and 4T1 tumor-targeted effect, which give high-contrast photoacoustic imaging and efficient photothermal ablation of 4T1 tumor in both NIR-I and NIR-II biowindows. Our work significantly broadens applications of noble metal-based nanomaterials in the fields of cancer phototheranostics by rationally designing their structures and modulating their physicochemical properties. © 2025

关键词： Broadband phototheranostics Noble metal nanostructures Photoacoustic imaging Photothermal therapy PtCu nanosheets

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Utilization of Polypropylene and Human Hair Fiber as Reinforcement for Polymer Board

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Reyes, Jasper Armea, Trina Yvette Biares, Jessica Sendico, Rafael John Rosa, Alliah Sta Revilla, Victor Vilando, Anabella College of Engineering Bicol State College of Applied Sciences and Technology 4400 Philippines

This study introduces an innovative approach to enhancing fiber-reinforced polymer boards by utilizing used polypropylene bags and human hair fibers as reinforcing materials. This unique composition leverages waste materials and improves the boards' mechanical properties, contributing to sustainable construction practices. The primary objective is to identify the optimal composition using polypropylene fibers (PP) and human hair fibers (HHF). The study involves designing, fabricating, prototyping, testing, and analyzing these boards to evaluate their physical and mechanical properties. The researchers created a single-layer structure with varying fiber-to-resin ratios and three thickness levels, tested according to ASTM Standards. The physical property tests revealed an average contact angle of 93 degrees, demonstrating excellent hydrophobicity. Mechanically, the optimized composition (25:35 PP) showed a flexural strength of 36 MPa, deflection of 17.63 mm, tensile strength of 43.6 MPa, and nail pull resistance of 620 MPa. The study concludes that using polypropylene bags and human hair fibers enhances the polymer boards' mechanical properties, with production costs ranging from Php 2000 to Php 4300, indicating economic feasibility. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Polypropylenes

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Electronic Structures across the Superconductor-Insulator Transition at La2.85Pr0.15Ni2O7/SrLaAlO4 Interfaces

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Wang, Heng Huang, Haoliang Zhou, Guangdi Lv, Wei Yue, Changming Xu, Lizhi Wu, Xianfeng Nie, Zihao Chen, Yaqi Sun, Yu-Jie Chen, Weiqiang Yuan, Hongtao Chen, Zhuoyu Xue, Qi-Kun Department of Physics Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Quantum Science Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen518055 China Quantum Science Center of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Shenzhen518045 China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Thermoelectric Materials and Device Physics Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen518055 China National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures College of Engineering and Applied Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing China Department of Physics Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China

Interfacial superconductivity discovered in bilayer nickelate heterostructures opens new avenues for effective tunability and control. Here, we report the superconductor-insulator transition in La2.85Pr0.15Ni2O7/SrLaAlO4 interfaces, with corresponding electronic structures revealed using synchrotron low-temperature X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and X-ray linear dichroism (XLD). In addition to the valence states of each element within the films determined by XAS, XLD at the O K edge pre-peak reveals hybridizations involving both 2pz and 2px/2py orbitals, which are concomitantly suppressed upon oxygen loss. Intriguingly, such oxygen loss that eliminates superconductivity, induces a qualitative XLD change at the Ni L2 edge, implying significant transformations among 3dx2-y2 and 3dz2 energy bands near the Fermi level. Our findings establish an element- and orbital-resolved electronic framework for the origin of superconductivity. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Lanthanum compounds

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