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Comparation of Aroma-Active Compounds in Fresh Commercial Infant Formula and the Change during Ambient Storage

Journal of Future Foods 2025年

作者： Lirong Xu Ailing Tian Jiayi Su Meifan Pan Riqing Liu Peipei Gao Beilei Pang Zitong Liu Lijiao Fan Huaixia Zhang Yali Wang Lei Du Lili Zheng Yingchun Zhao Xiaoxiao Feng Jing Lv Department of Nutrition The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Qingdao China Institute of Nutrition and Health Qingdao University 266071 Qingdao China Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Jiangsu Road 16# Qingdao Shandong 266400 People's Republic of China Department of Health Education and Management and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment School of Public Health Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China. Department of surgery The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Qingdao China National Engineering Research Centre for Intelligent Electrical Vehicle Power System (Qingdao) College of Mechanical & Electronic Engineering Qingdao University Qingdao 266071 China College of Chemical Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Analysis and Testing Center Qingdao University of Science and Technology 266042 Qingdao China Department of Food Science & Technology School of Agriculture & Biology Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China

This study compared the aroma-active compounds in 14 brands of commercially infant formula and investigated their changes during ambient storage after opening for 2 months. A total of 29 major aroma-active compounds were detected in infant formula. From the PCA and heatmap analysis, a total of 14 brands of infant formula were classified into 3 groups, the second group contained JLB-Y, AY and FH-F, of which 2-furanmethanol and (E,E)-3,5-octadien-2-one were mainly compounds, the third group contained YL and JLB-L, the characteristic flavor compounds in this group were mainly hexanal, heptanal, etc. Aldehydes, as the main volatile substances, account for more than half of the total volatiles. Nearly half of the aldehydes showed more significant changes after storage, e.g. hexanal, octanal, (E)-2-octenal and 3-methylbutyraldehyde. The YL and YP-Q produced more saturated aldehydes after storage, the concentration of hexanal in YL-2m and YP-Q-2m was 2138.5 μg/kg and 2004.1μg/kg, respectively. The concentrations of heptanal, octanal, and nonanal also increased relatively significantly, which may lead to a distinct rancid flavor in YL and YP-Q. Besides, among the ketones, (E,E)-3,5-octadien-2-one showed the greatest change after storage, especially in JLB-L. According to sensory evaluation experiments, the milky flavor of infant formulas decreased and fatty, rancid, fishy and grassy flavors were found to have increased to different extents after storage. The current information gap on the concentration and evolution of volatile compounds in commercially available infant formula is filled by this study.

关键词： Infant formula Volatile compounds GC-MS Ambient Storage

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Accurate Insect Body Length Extraction Based on the Invariant Target Parameters

Accurate Insect Body Length Extraction Based on the Invarian...

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2018 IEEE International Conference on Computational Electromagnetics, ICCEM 2018

作者： Hu, Cheng Li, Weidong Wang, Rui Liu, Changjiang Yuan, Quan Sun, Peng Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Electronic and Information Technology in Satellite Navigation Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing China Radar Research Lab School of Information and Electronics Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing China Yueyang Meteorological Bureau of Hunan Province Yueyang China Beijing Aerospace Automatic Control Institute Beijing China National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Aerospace Intelligent Control Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9781538612415

A novel insect body length extraction method is proposed based on the invariant target parameters of the insect polarization scattering matrix (PSM). Two eigenvalues of the insect Graves power matrix are invariant target parameters, which are related directly to the target's geometrical properties and independent of the target orientation and the type of radar illumination. In this paper, the physical meaning of the eigenvalues is first studied. Then, the relation between the insect body length and the eigenvalues is found based on the 168 insect specimens measured by the X-band rotating linear polarization radar. Finally, the empirical formula for extracting the insect body length is built, which can achieve high-accuracy body length extraction. © 2018 IEEE.

关键词： Polarization

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Deep transcranial magnetic stimulation using deformed halo-circular assembly coil 7

Deep transcranial magnetic stimulation using deformed halo-c...

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7th Asia-Pacific International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility, APEMC 2016

作者： Lu, Mai Dong, Xu-Wei Ueno, Shoogo Key Lab. of Opt-Electronic Technology and Intelligent Control Lanzhou Jiaotong University Ministry of Education Lanzhou730070 China Department of Applied Quantum Physics Graduate School of Engineering Kyushu University Fukuoka812-8581 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9781467394949

Direct stimulation of deeper brain tissues by transcranial magnetic stimulation (dTMS) plays an important role in the study of reward and motivation mechanisms, which may be beneficial in the treatment of several neurological and psychiatric disorders. This paper presents numerical simulation of dTMS by considering the deformed Halo-circular assembly coil (dHCA coil). Three-dimensional distributions of the induced magnetic field and electric field in realistic head model by applying the dHCA coil were obtained by impedance method, and the results were compared with the normal Halo-circular assembly coil (HCA coil). The improved stimulation focality with reasonable stimulation depth can be achieved by employing the dHCA coil. © 2016 IEEE.

关键词： Electric fields

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Implementation of Hodgkin-Huxley neuron model in FPGAs

Implementation of Hodgkin-Huxley neuron model in FPGAs

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Asia-Pacific Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility (APEMC)

作者： Mai Lu Jin-Long Wang Jia Wen Xu-Wei Dong Ministry of Education Key Lab. of Opt-Electronic Technology and Intelligent Control (Lanzhou Jiaotong University) Lanzhou China

ISBN: (纸本)9781467383103

In this paper, the biophysically plausible neuron model i.e. the Hodgkin-Huxley neuron model has been implemented in the field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) by employing Altera DSP Builder. The action potential generated by Hodgkin-Huxley neurons implemented in FPGA has been compared with the numerical prediction, leading to a good agreement between them. It is believed that this approach could greatly speed up simulations of both highly complex single neuron model and network of neurons.

关键词： Neurons Mathematical model Field programmable gate arrays MATlab

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Age-dependent of Electromagnetic Absorption in Human Endocrine Glands for Using Mobile Phones

Age-dependent of Electromagnetic Absorption in Human Endocri...

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Progress in Electromagnetic Research Symposium

作者： Mai Lu Xiao-Yan Wu Key Lab. of Opt-Electronic Technology and Intelligent Control of Ministry of Education Lanzhou Jiaotong University Department of Endocrinology The First Hospital of Lanzhou University

ISBN: (纸本)9781509060948

With the quick development and widespread use of mobile phones, especially mobile phones by children, has led to a rising concern about the possible adverse health effects of radio frequency electromagnetic field exposure. This study aims to present the dosimetry analysis of the electromagnetic fields induced by mobile phones on the endocrine glands for both child and adult. A finite-difference time-domain method was employed to calculate the specific absorption rate in the realistic child and adult head-neck models from exposure to a generic handset at 1750 MHz. The results show that the locally induced specific absorption rate in endocrine glands of child is larger than that of adult. The thyroid gland is the most exposed organ compared to the hypophysis and hypothalamus glands. In all of the examined cases, the specific absorption rate values in endocrine glands of child and adult are below the IEEE safety standard.

关键词： Endocrine Glands Mobile phones Specific absorption rate Child electromagnetic absorption Electromagnetic fields Infant Adverse Reaction Pituitary gland Adults Thyroid Gland

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Deep Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Using the Semi-Halo Coil

Deep Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Using the Semi-Halo C...

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Progress in Electromagnetic Research Symposium

作者： Mai Lu Shoogo Ueno Xu-Wei Dong Key Lab. of Opt-Electronic Technology and Intelligent Control of Ministry of Education Lanzhou Jiaotong University Department of Applied Quantum Physics Graduate School of Engineering Kyushu University

ISBN: (纸本)9781509060948

This study presents the numerical simulation of deep transcranial magnetic stimulation dTMS by considering the semi-Halo coil working with a circular coil, i.e., semi-Halo-circular assembly coil (sHCA coil). Three-dimensional distributions of the induced magnetic field and electric field in realistic head model were obtained by impedance method, and the results were compared with the normal Halo-circular assembly coil (HCA coil). It was found the potential disadvantage of wide distribution of the electric field under the perimeter of the HCA coil can be alleviated by employing the new coil design. The sHCA coil may offer a new tool for dTMS with potential for both research and clinical applications for psychiatric and neurological disorders associated with dysfunctions of deep brain regions.

关键词： Coils Electric fields circular coil Characteristic impedance induction field Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Neurologic Disorders perimeter Clinical applications brain region functional failure numerical simulation

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Study of Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) Induced In Human Endocrine Glands For Using Mobile Phones

Study of Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) Induced In Human End...

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Asia-Pacific Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility

作者： Mai Lu Xiao-Yan Wu Key Lab. of Opt-Electronic Technology and Intelligent Control (Lanzhou Jiaotong University) Ministry of Education 730070 China Department of Endocrinology The First Hospital of Lanzhou University 730000 China

ISBN: (纸本)9781467383103

With the quick development and widespread use of mobile phones has led to arising concern about the possible adverse health effects of radio frequency electromagnetic field exposure. This study aims to present the dosimetry analysis of the electromagnetic fields induced by mobile phone on human endocrine glands. A finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method was employed to calculate the specific absorption rate (SAR) in a realistic human head-neck model from exposure to a generic handset at 1750 MHz. The results show that the locally induced SAR in thyroid gland is much larger than that in both hypophysis and hypothalamus glands. The induced SAR in thyroid for the mobile in short message service (SMS) position is much larger than that in the voice position. However, in all of the examined cases, the SAR values in endocrine glands are all below the IEEE safety standard.

关键词： Dosimetry Endocrine glands Mobile phone Specific absorption rate

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Numerical simulation of deep transcranial magnetic stimulation by multiple circular coils

Numerical simulation of deep transcranial magnetic stimulati...

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13th Mediterranean Conference on Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing 2013, MEDICON 2013

作者： Lu, M. Ueno, S. Lanzhou Jiaotong University Key Lab. of Opt-Electronic Technology and Intelligent Control of Ministry of Education Lanzhou 730070 China Kyushu University Department of Applied Quantum Physics Graduate School of Engineering Fukuoka 812-8581 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9783319008455

Stimulation of deeper brain structures by tran-scranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) plays a role in the study of reward and motivation mechanisms, which may be beneficial in the treatment of several neurological and psychiatric disor-ders. This paper presents a numerical simulation of deep tran-scranial magnetic stimulation (dTMS) in a realistic head model by considering large circular coil surrounding the head combi-nation of smaller coils. Three-dimensional distributions of the induced electric fields in the head were calculated by employing impedance method. Simulation results show that multiple circu-lar coils provides a potential way to produce deeply penetrating electric fields in deep brain regions with less fields in superficial cortical tissues. © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2014.

关键词： Electric fields

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The 5th International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology (ICBEB 2016) Abstracts

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BMC MEDICAL IMAGING 2016年第SUPPL 1期16卷 65-65页

作者： [Anonymous] Department of MRI Shandong Medical Imaging Research Institute Affiliated to Shandong University Jinan Shandong 250021 People’s Republic of China Department of Interventional Radiology Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University Jinan Shandong 250021 People’s Republic of China College of Information Science and Technology Engr. Research Center of Digitized Textile & Fashion Tech. for Ministry of Education Donghua University Shanghai 201620 China Intelligent multimedia information processing Lab College of Software Northeastern University Shenyang Liaoning Province 110004 China Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen 518055 China School of Computer Science and Technology Nanjing Normal University Nanjing China Department of Electrical Engineering The City College of New York CUNY New York USA Jiangsu Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Equipment and Manufacturing Nanjing China School of Electronic Science and Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing Jiangsu 210046 China College of Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore 639798 Singapore School of Electronic Information Shanghai Dianji University Shanghai China School of Natural Sciences and Mathematics Shepherd University Shepherdstown WV 25443 USA Davis College of Agriculture Natural Resources and Design West Virginia University Morgantown WV 26505 USA State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves Southeast University Nanjing 210096 China Center of Medical Physics and Technology Hefei Institutes of Physical Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei China College of Agricultural and Life Sciences University of Florida Gainesville FL 32611 USA Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences New York University New York NY 10012 USA Translational Imaging Division & MRI Unit Columbia University and New York State Psychiatric Institute New York NY 10032 USA Guangxi Key Laboratory of Manufacturing System & Adv

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Dosimetric evaluation of specific absorption rate in realistic head models with different sizes in mobile phone usage

Dosimetric evaluation of specific absorption rate in realist...

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General Assembly and Scientific Symposium, URSI

作者： Mai Lu Shoogo Ueno Key Lab. of Opt-Electronic Technology and Intelligent Control of Ministry of Education Lanzhou Jiaotong University Lanzhou P. R. China Department of Applied Quantum Physics Kyushu University Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9781467352246

This paper presents finite-difference-time-domain (FDTD) calculations of the specific absorption rate (SAR) in realistic head models from exposure to a generic handset working as 1750 Mhz. The head models with different sizes were obtained from the same whole-body model. The purpose of this work is to study whether there is a variation of SAR absorption in the same brain, but the sizes of head models are different. The obtained peak SARs in each of the tissues were averaged over 10 grams of tissue in the shape of cube. It was found that the SAR absorption in human brain is dependent on the size of the head model. The induced SAR in brain tissues in smaller head model is larger than that in larger head model. It suggested that the mobile phone dosimetric analysis in most of the previous literatures which only considered head model in the simulation may overestimate the brain exposure compared to the practical situation that the whole-body exposed to the fields radiated by the mobile phone.

关键词： Brain models Mobile handsets Biological system modeling Magnetic heads Solid modeling Specific absorption rate

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