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Current Psychology 1987年第4期6卷 337-360页

作者： Ashworth, Peter Holt, Patrik O’Brian Sharkey, Noel E. Satterly, David Waterworth, J A Llewelyn, Sue Garnham, Alan Wheeler, Tim Pilgrim, Dave Miles, Chris Rayne, Stephen McManus, Chris Mayes, Andrew Meddis, Ray Cullen, Chris Sheffield City Polytechnic UK Center for Cognitive Science University of Essex UK School of Education University of Bristol UK Human Factors Division British Telecom Research Laboratories Ipswich Department of Clinical Psychology East Dorset University of Sussex UK Communication and Media Dorset Institute of Higher Education UK Roehampton Institute London UWIST Cardiff University of Lancaster UK University College London University of Manchester UK University of Technology Loughborough University of St. Andrews UK

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THE USE OF COPPER-NICKEL IN SHIPBUILDING - A STATUS-REPORT

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1985年第5期97卷 147-153页

作者： SANDOR, LW The author is manager of materials technology at Franklin Research Center Philadelphia. Prior to joining FRC he was with Sun Ship Inc. (now Pennsylvania Shipbuilding Co.) as manager for National Shipbuilding Research Program for SNAME Panel SP-7 (a government-industry cooperative welding research program). Dr. Sandor has a broad experience in materials science and technology as well as joining processes. He has been continuously on the faculty of The School of Engineering at Widener University Chester Pa. since 1979 as adjunct professor of materials science and engineering. He received his education in Europe (Hungary England) and the USA and has a doctor of science degree in materials science from the University of Miskolc Hungary. He published numerous articles and lectured nationally and internationally. Most recently he wrote a section on “Weld Discontinuities” for theMetals HandbookVol. 6 9th edition (published by the American Society for Metals in 1983) on welding brazing and soldering. Dr. Sandor has worked on the use of copper-nickel for ship hulls and marine applications in general for the last eight years.

Copper-base alloy CA-706 has an excellent erosion-corrosion and biofouling resistance. While this paper recounts the long history of copper's role in marine use, the emphasis is on recent applications. Technical details of Cu/Ni sheathing of steel hulls and the results of a field test program after 18 months of continuous service with a 91,000 DWT tanker named Arco Texas are discussed. A comparison of life-cycle economic analysis for conventional antifouling paint, self-polishing copolymers and copper-nickel sheathing is presented. The analysis is carried out for a medium-speed RO/RO ship and a slow-speed oil tanker.

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TESTING OF A MAGNETICALLY TREATED WEST-GERMAN DIESEL-ENGINE

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1984年第3期96卷 243-251页

作者： WHITE, JW The AuthorLieutenant Commander James W. White USNenlisted in the U.S. Navy in 1964 and served as an electronics technician and as a nuclear power instructor. As a student in the Navy Enlisted Scientific Education Program he received his Bachelor of Science degree in engineering physics at the University of Oklahoma and was commissioned an ensign. As a junior officer he served as engineer in USSMarathan (PG-89) and was the commissioning main propulsion assistant in USSPaul F. Foster (DD-964). Following his tour in that ship he continued his studies at Massachusetts Institute of Technology where he received a Masters of Science in mechanical engineering as well as the professional degree of ocean engineer. After M.I. T. he served at David Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development Center as a project engineer in the Ship's Electric Propulsion Program and at Naval Sea Systems Command as a design and engineering officer.

Aluminum block nonmagnetic diesel engines have been less reliable in service than their cast iron counterparts. Additionally, nonferrous engines are produced in small numbers exclusively for military use and thus have no commerical base with which to enhance logistics support. A West German engine manufacturer, Motoren-und-Turbinen-Union (MTU), has developed a method for magnetically treating cast iron engines in such a way as to reduce their magnetic signatures and thus make them available for mine countermeasures applications. In order to take advantage of the improved reliability and supportabitity of ferrous but magnetically treated production engines, the U.S. Navy conducted an extensive test and evaluation program to confirm or question the suitability of the engine for a new class of mine countermeasure ships. Testing consisted of a 1000-hour endurance run in accordance with military specifications for high speed diesel engines and high impact shock testing. The magnetic signature of the engine was mapped before and after each test in order to verify that neither shock nor extended running could change the magnetic properties of the engine. A maintenance demonstration was also performed in which Navy mechanics carried out various tasks in an effort to identify engine details which could be altered and thus improve the engine's maintainability. Subsequent magnetic testing was intended to show-that part interchanging and routine maintenance would not change the magnetic character of the engine. This paper describes the unique characteristics of the MTU 6V396TB63 diesel engine and will consolidate and illustrate the results of endurance, shock, magnetic, and maintenance testing.

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ADVANCED-CYCLE GAS-TURBINES FOR NAVAL SHIP PROPULSION

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1984年第3期96卷 262-271页

作者： BOWEN, TL GROGHAN, DA Thomas L. Bowen began his career at the David W. Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development Center in 1969 by enrolling in the Cooperative Education Program at the Annapolis laboratory. He earned a Bachelor of Science degree in chemical engineering in 1973 at West Virginia Institute of Technology. Daniel A. Groghan:received a Bachelor of Science degree in mechanical engineering from West Virginia Institute of Technology in 1966 and later did graduate work at the George Washington University and the University of Maryland. He came to the Naval Ship Systems Command in June 1966 and began working in the Internal Combustion and Gas Turbine Engines Branch. He worked on development of the Orenda OT-4 recuperated gas turbine and marinization of the Garrett 831 gas turbine. He was also project engineer responsible for fleet installations and product improvements on the Solar Saturn gas turbines Boeing gas turbines American Locomotive diesels Electro-Motive diesels and Ruston Pax-man diesels. In 1976 he became head of the Engines Research and Development Branch where he was responsible for such programs as development of hot section gas turbine materials improved gas turbine inlets Pratt and Whitney FT9 gas turbine General Electric LM2500 Condition Monitor and initiation of the RACER program. In 1982 he became the Program Manager for propulsion systems development where he is responsible for developments on the DDG-51 AOE-6 and initiation of the recuperated cruise gas turbine.

Investigations are currently being conducted by the Navy and several contractors to determine the technical feasibility and cost effectiveness of advanced regenerative or intercooled-regenerative gas turbines as a naval propulsion engine for future mid-size surface combatants. A comparison of the performance characteristics of these engines indicates that significant increases in the thermal efficiency above current simple-cycle engines will result by adding heat exchangers for regeneration alone or with intercooling. Design and performance characteristics of several advanced-cycle gas turbines are described which utilize turbomachinery from various existing simple-cycle gas turbines. Estimates of the weight and volume of recuperators and intercoolers for these conceptual engines are provided. The nominal part-load fuel consumption trends of the simple-cycle and the advanced-cycle engines are used to compare annual fuel usage of typical ships with various combinations of propulsion engines. The relative impacts of the advanced-cycle gas turbine on propulsion machinery spaces are compared with other energy efficient prime movers using the simple-cycle gas turbine as the baseline. Commercial applications for an advanced-cycle gas turbine are surveyed according to output power and market sector. This paper presents an overview of current results and discusses the technology areas which require additional investigation.

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RUDDER ROLL STABILIZATION FOR COAST GUARD CUTTERS AND FRIGATES

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1983年第3期95卷 267-282页

作者： BAITIS, E WOOLAVER, DA BECK, TA Dr. Erich Baitis: a native of Germany came to the David W. Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development Center in 1957 as a co-operative student/trainee and received his Bachelor of Science Degree in Physics from Virginia Polytechnic Institute. As a 32-year-old naval architect in 1971 he received both the VietnamHonorServiceMedaland the Navy'sMeritoriousCivilianServiceAwardfor his eight months as liaison with the Vietnamese NAVVS ferro-cement ship program. As head of the Seakeeping and Stabilization Group of the Surface Ship Dynamics Branch his work has led to the development of a new standard Ship Motion Computer Program and the application of ship motions to ship habitability operability and survivability problems. A major area of this work has been the ship/aircraft interface which is particularly sensitive to ship motions wind and other environmental factors. Mr. Dennis A. Woolaver:has been employed as a Naval Architect at the David W. Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development Center since 1965 where his work has resulted in numerous patents. He received his Bachelor of Science Degree in Electrical Engineering from George Washington University where he also completed graduate work in Communication Theory. Additional fields of study include Computer Science and Personnel Management. Current efforts are directed toward surface ship motion mitigation data acquisition and statistical analysis. He is a member of the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers. Lt. Tom A. Beck USCG: joined the UnitedStatesCoastGuardin 1966 where he trained as an Electronics Technician. He received a Bachelor of Science Degree in Electrical Engineering from Columbia University in 1978. From 1978 to 1979 he was an Electronics Project Officer at the CoastGuardElectronics Laboratory in Alexandria Virginia. Since 1980 he has been a Research and Development Project Officer in the Sensor Technology Branch of the CoastGuardsOffice of Research and Development. Lt. Beck is a member of the Institute of Electronic and Elect

The potential use of rudders as anti-roll devices has long been recognized. However, the possible interference of this secondary function of the rudder with its primary role as the steering mechanism has prevented, for many years, the development of practical rudder roll stabilizers. The practical feasibility of rudder roll stabilization has, however, in recent years been demonstrated by two systems designed and developed for operational evaluation aboard two different U.S. C oast G uard Cutters, i.e., Jarvis and Mellon of the 3,000-ton, 378-foot HAMILTON Class. The authors describe the major components of the rudder roll stabilization (RRS) system, along with the design goals and methodology as applied to these first two prototypes. In addition, a brief history of the hardware development is provided in order to show some of the lessons learned. The near flawless performance of the prototypes over the past four years of operational use in the North Pacific is documented. Results from various sea trials and reports of the ship operators are cited and discussed. The paper concludes with a discussion of the costs and benefits of roll stabilization achieved using both a modern anti-roll fin system, as well as two different performance level RRS systems. The benefits of roll stabilization are demonstrated by the relative expansion in the operational envelopes of the USS OLIVER HAZARD PERRY (FFG-7) Class. The varying levels of roll stabilization suggest that the merits of fins and RRS systems are strongly dependent on mission requirements and the environment. The demonstrated performance of the reliable RRS system offers the naval ship acquisition manager a good economical stabilization system.

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BOOK REVIEWS

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The Sociological Review 1981年第1期29卷 155 - 199页

作者： Robert Lejeune Roger Sibeon J. A. Banks Graeme Salaman Ian Jamieson Pauline Hunt C. G. A. Bryant Philip Elliott David Golding John J. Rodger Paul Blyton Shirley Dex David Dunkerley Dennis Smith John Scott Pauline Hardiker A. P. Donajgrodzki Salvador Giner Philip Stanworth Gianfranco Poggi G. C. F. Payne Rosemary Millor Robin Fincham Herbert H. Lehman College City University of New York University of Liverpool University of Leicester The Open University Ealing College of Higher Education University of Keele University of Salford Centre for Mass Communication Research University of Leicester Hull College of Higher Education Paisley College University of Wales Institute of Science and Technology Plymouth Polytechnic University of Aston in Birmingham University of Leeds Brunei University University of York University of Edinburgh University of Manchester Centre of African Studies University of Edinburgh

Book reviewed in this article: A Place on the Corner by Elijah Anderson Violent Criminal Acts and Actors by Lonnie H. Athens Radical Social Work and Practice by Mike Brake and Roy Bailey (eds.) Sociology and History by Peter Burke. Organisation, Class and Control by S. Clegg and D. Dunkerley. The World of Goods by Mary Douglas and Baron Middle‐Class Couples: A Study of Segregation, Domination and Inequality in Marriage by Stephen Edgell A Society in the Making: Hungarian Social and Societal Policy 1945–75 by Zsuzsa Ferge More Bad News by Glasgow University Media Group The Celebration of Heroes by W. J. Goode The Hidden Economy: The Context and Control of Borderline Crime by Stuart Henry Contrology: Beyond the New Criminology by Jason Ditton Company Organisation and Worker Participation: A Survey of Attitudes and Practices in Industrial Democracy with Special Emphasis on the Prospects for Employee Directors by Ian B. Knight Boards of Directors in British Industry by Christopher Brookes Sociological Economics by Louis Lévy‐Garboua (ed.) Change in Public Bureaucracies by Marshall W. Meyer School and the Social Order by Frank Musgrove Green and Pleasant Land? Social Change in Rural England by Howard Newby Capital and Land: Landownership by Capital in Great Britain by Doreen Massey and Alejandrina Catalano The Deviance Process by Edwin, H. Pfuhl, Jr. Interpreting Deviance by E. M. Schur. H. B. Paternalism in Early Victorian England by David Roberts. Servants of Post‐Industrial Power? ‘Sociologie du travail’ in Modern France by Michael Rose Wealth and the Wealthy in the Modern World by W. D. Rubinstein (ed.) Bäuerlicher Widerstand und feudale Herrschaft in der frühen Neuzeit by Winifried Schulze A Critique of Sociological Reasoning by Charles W. Smith The City and Social Theory by Michael Smith Bureaucratic Opposition: Challenging Abuses at the Workplace by Deena Weinstein

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THE ENERGY CRISIS AND NAVAL SHIP research AND DEVELOPMENT

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Naval Engineers Journal 1974年第3期86卷

作者： CDR. J. RICHARD GAUTHEY USN JOSEPH P. DeTOLLA CDR. J. RICHARD GAUTHEY USN & JOSEPH P. DeTOLLA Cdr. J. Richard Gauthey USN graduated from Cornell University in 1955 with a Bachelor of Mechanical Engineering degree and entered the U.S. Navy through the NROTC program. Following three tours of sea duty he attended the University of California at Berkeley where he earned his Master of Science degree. From 1963 to 1965 he was Project Officer for Aircraft Carriers and Amphibious Ships in the Design Division BUSHIPS. The succeeding three years he was Assistant Repair Superintendent for Surface Ships at the Pearl Harbor Naval Shipyard. After attending the Naval War College he was Maintenance Officer COMINELANT Staff prior to his present assignment as Director Ship Research and Technology Division NAVSHIPS where he has been since 1971. He is a member of both ASNE and SNAME. Joseph P. DeTolla a native of Philadelphia Pa. received his BS degree in Mechanical Engineering from Drexel University in 1969. He began his career with the U.S. Navy in 1965 as a Mechanical Engineering Trainee in the Philidelphia Naval Shipyard Design Division under the BUSHIPS Cooperative Education Training Program. In 1911 he joined NAVSEC as a Mechanical Engineer in the Fluid Systems Branch. For the past two years he has primarily been involved in conducting alternative auxiliary heating system “tradeoff” studies and in the design of total energy/waste heat recovery systems for the PF 109 Class Sea Control Ship DG/AEGIS and AO 177 Class. He is a registered Professional Engineer in the District of Columbia a member of ASE ASME and SNAME and a candidate for the Master of Engineering Administration degree at The George Washington University.

Energy used by U.S. Navy ships is viewed in the context of the national situation. Shipboard usage and the controlling variables are summarized. research and development being planned by the Navy is described. Efforts relate to conservation of energy as well as consideration of new fuels including hydrogen and liquid hydro-carbon fuels derived from coal, oil shale, and tar sands. A brief account is given of work sponsored by the Department of Interior to produce hydrocarbon fuels, and initial Navy efforts to characterize and evaluate one such fuel is reported. This fuel has been burned at sea in the USS Johnston (DD 821). Development of conservation measures encompasses the utilization of waste heat from gas turbine and diesel engine exhausts and diesel water jackets; more efficient machinery; and reduction of energy requirements. Specific developments discussed include a design methodology to optimize waste heat utilization and higher efficiency gas turbine systems.

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AN EVALUATION OF HY‐80 STEEL. AS A STRUCTURAL MATERIAL FOR SUBMARINES. PART II

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Naval Engineers Journal 1965年第2期77卷 193-200页

作者： HELLER, S.R. FIORITI, IVO VASTA, JOHN Captain Heller an Engineering Duty Officer of the United States Navy received his undergraduate education at the University of Michigan in Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering and in Mathematics. Following typical shipyard duty during World War II he received postgraduate instruction at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology leading to the degrees of Naval Engineer and Doctor of Science in Naval Architecture. Since then he has had design responsibilities in the Bureau of Ships had a maintenance assignment with the Fleet directed structural research at the David Taylor Model Basin engaged in submarine design and construction at Portsmouth Naval Shipyard and is now Head of Hull Design in the Bureau of Ships. Captain Heller is a member of ASNE SNAME Tau Beta Pi and Sigma Xi. Mr. Fioriti is the Materials Engineer in the Hull Scientific and Research Section Bureau of Ships with responsibility for materials and fabrication processes that are used in the construction of ship hulls. Mr. Fioriti attended the University of Pittsburgh receiving the Bachelor of Science degree in Metallurgical Engineering in 1951. He took postgraduate work at the University of Maryland receiving the Master of Science degree in 1960. From 1951 to 1956 he worked in the Metals and Metallurgy Section of the Bureau of Ships where he planned and administered research programs on metals for ships. He was associated intimately with the development of HY-80 steel and prepared the first specification used for its procurement by the Navy. In addition he was responsible for the development of dimpled armor plate for aircraft carrier flight decks. In 1956 he assumed his present position where he has been active in the Ship Structure Committee research program the low cycle fatigue structural program and the hydrofoil materials research program. Mr. Vasta is Head of Hull Scientific and Research Section Bureau of Ships with the responsibility for planning initiating and technically monitoring research in the fields of structural me

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Newsmen’s fantasies, audiences, and newswriting

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Public Opinion Quarterly 1959年第2期23卷 145-158页

作者： De Sola Pool, Ithiel Shulman, Irwin Ithiel de Sola Pool is Professor of Political Science and Director of the international communication program of the Center for International Studies at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Irwin Shulman received his M.S. from the University of Wisconsin in the field of Journalism in 1950. After several years as parliamentary correspondent in Ottawa for the Montreal Star he went to M.I.T. for a year of advanced work in psychology and research at the Center for International Studies

Just as most actors and actresses need a live and responsive audience, it appears that newsmen have more than a trivial relationship to the audiences for which they are writing. A direct and empirical study of the influence of the readers on the newswriter is reported in the following article. © 1959, the American Association for Public Opinion research.

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SYMMETRICALLY FOLDED ANTENNA

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Naval Engineers Journal 1951年第1期63卷

作者： COMMANDER CHARLES W. HARRISON JR. USN ELECTRONICS PROGRAM OFFICER U. S. NAVAL RESEARCH LABORATORY THE AUTHOR Commander CHARLES W. HARRISON JR. USN attended the U. S. Naval Academy Preparatory School the U. S. Coast Guard Academy and the University of Virginia where in 1939 he received the S.M. degree in engineering and in 1940 the degree of electrical engineer. In 1942 he was graduated with the S.M. degree in communication engineering from Cruft Laboratory Harvard University and that summer completed the Navy course in radar engineering at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. From the fall of 1942 to the spring of 1944 he was engaged in lecturing to officers of the Armed Forces assigned to the radar schools at Harvard and Princeton Universities. His experience includes amateur naval and broadcast-station operation in addition to some four years of research work in the Bureau of Ships Navy Department and the Naval Research Laboratory. He is the author of numerous papers dealing with various phases of electronics. Comdr. Harrison is presently attached to the Naval Research Laboratory. He is a member of the Harvard Chapter of Sigma XI the American Physical Society the Institute of Radio Engineers the Audio Engineering Society the Harvard Engineering Club and the American Association for the Advancement of Science.

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