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Blind Extraction of Microsleep Events

Blind Extraction of Microsleep Events

引用

International Conference on Digital signal processing (DSP)

作者： Wai Yie Leong Danilo P. Mandic Martin Golz David Sommer Communications and Signal Processing Group Electronics and Electrical Engineering Imperial College London UK Department of Computer Science University of Applied Sciences Schmalkalden Schmalkalden Germany

The aim of this study is to detect the occurrence of microsleep events in an overnight driving task. We propose a biosignal analysis method for the detection and extraction of microsleep events. This is achieved by employing blind source extraction method based on a cascaded nonlinear estimator to extract the relevant microsleep events. The cascaded nonlinear estimator jointly estimates the kurtosis and measure the nonlinearity and noise effects within the biosignal. This proposed method was applied to the electroencephalogram and electroculogram recorded of 12 young volunteers while performing monotonic overnight driving in a real car driving simulation laboratory. The extracted microsleep signals can then be used for driving simulation pilot studies for alertness monitoring, and to trigger the activation of alertness countermeasures.

关键词： Brain modeling Electroencephalography Detectors Event detection State estimation Diseases Data mining Fatigue Electrooculography Magnetic heads

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Pectoral Muscle Segmentation on Digital Mammograms by Nonlinear Diffusion Filtering

Pectoral Muscle Segmentation on Digital Mammograms by Nonlin...

引用

IEEE Pacific Rim Conference on communications, computers and signal processing

作者： H. Mirzaalian M. R. Ahmadzadeh S. Sadri Medical Image and Signal Processing Research Centre Isfahan University of Medical Science Isfahan Iran Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Isfahan University of Technology Isfahan Iran

ISBN: (纸本)9781424411894;1424411890

The pectoral muscle represents a predominant density region in the most medio-lateral oblique (MLO) views of mammograms. Presence of pectoral muscle in the mammogram may affect the resulting of image processing and could bias the detection procedures. So during analysis, the pectoral muscle should preferably be excluded from processing. We proposed a new method for the identification of the pectoral muscle in MLO mammograms based on nonlinear diffusion algorithm which is an edge preserving smoother. The proposed method is applied to 90 mammograms from Mammography Image Analysis Society (MIAS) database. We compared our results by those recognized by two expert radiologists. To evaluate the accuracy of proposed method, HDM (Hausdorff distance measure) and MAEDM (mean of absolute error distance measure) were used. Then we compared our results by two other pectoral muscle segmentation methods proposed by Karssemeijer and Ferrari. The first is based on Hough-transform and the second is based on Gabor-filters. Our proposed algorithm shows superior results in comparison.

关键词： Muscles Digital filters Image segmentation Noise reduction Filtering signal processing algorithms Image processing Image edge detection Biomedical imaging Breast

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H.263 to H.264 Transconding using Data Mining

H.263 to H.264 Transconding using Data Mining

引用

IEEE International Conference on Image processing

作者： Gerardo Fernandez-Escribano Jens Bialkowski Hari Kalva Pedro Cuenca Luis Orozco-Barbosa Andre Kaup Instituto de Investigación en Informática de Albacete Universidad de Castilla La Mancha Albacete Spain Chair of Multimedia Communications and Signal Processing University of Erlangen Nuremberg Erlangen Germany Department of Computer Science and Engineering Florida Atlantic University Boca Raton FL USA

In this paper, we propose the use of data mining algorithms to create a macroblock partition mode decision algorithm for inter-frame prediction, to be used as part of a high-efficient H.263 to H.264 transcoder. We use machine learning tools to exploit the correlation and derive decision trees to classify the incoming H.263 MC residual into one of the several coding modes in H.264. The proposed approach reduces the H.264 MB mode computation process into a decision tree lookup with very low complexity. Experimental results show that the proposed approach reduces the inter-prediction complexity by as much as 60% while maintaining the coding efficiency.

关键词： Data mining Decision trees Transcoding signal processing algorithms Partitioning algorithms Machine learning algorithms Machine learning Classification tree analysis Automatic voltage control MPEG 4 Standard

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Predistorter design employing parallel piecewise linear structure and inverse coordinate mapping for broadband communications

Predistorter design employing parallel piecewise linear stru...

引用

14th European signal processing Conference, EUSIPCO 2006

作者： Cheong, Mei Yen Werner, Stefan Laakso, Timo I. Cousseau, Juan Figueroa, Jose L. Signal Processing Laboratory Center of Excellence Helsinki University of Technology Finland CONICET Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Universidad Nacional Del sur Bahía Blanca Argentina

This paper proposes a low-complexity predistorter (PD) for compensation of both the AM/AM and the AM/PM conversions with memory. The nonlinear power amplifier (PA) is modeled as a Wiener type nonlinearity. The quasi-static nonlinearities are modeled using a class of piecewise linear (PWL) functions. The PWL function facilitates an efficient PD identification algorithm. The proposed algorithm involves a novel inverse coordinate mapping (ICM) method that maps the nonlinear characteristics of the PA to that of the PD, and parameter estimations that do not require matrix inversion. The indirect learning architecture is used to provide an on-line compensation of thememory effect of the PA. Simulation results show that the PD that compensates also the AM/PM distortion performs significantly better than one that considers only the AM/AM nonlinearity. The proposed PD is also shown to outperform the orthogonal polynomial PD in both adjacent channel interference suppression and inband distortion compensation.

关键词： Power amplifiers

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Robust segmentation and volumetric registration in a multi-view 3D freehand ultrasound reconstruction system

Robust segmentation and volumetric registration in a multi-v...

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40th Asilomar Conference on signals, Systems, and computers, ACSSC '06

作者： Yu, Honggang Pattichis, Marios S. Goens, M. Beth Image and Video Processing and Communications Lab. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of New Mexico Albuquerque NM 87131 United States Pediatric Cardiology Clinic University of New Mexico Children's Hospital Albuquerque NM 87131 United States

ISBN: (纸本)1424407850

In this paper, we present a new reconstruction method with volumetric registration and semi-automatic segmentation in a multi-view 3D freehand ultrasound imaging system. The new volumetric registration approach is performed on binarized walls using non-linear least squares. It can provide accurate multi-view reconstructions despite significant rigid target motion between different acoustic window acquisitions. A hybrid adaptive gradient vector flow (GVF) geometric active contour (GAC) model is used for image sequence segmentation. It allows for relatively simple initialization of the deformable model, while avoiding edge leaking at poor edges and small boundary gaps. The algorithms were validated on four ultrasound phantom data sets (eight sequences of a total of 336 images) and two echocardiography data sets (four sequences for a total of 75 images). Quantitative evaluation shows that automatic segmentation is comparable with manual segmentation. Using breath-holding and cardiac gating, volume estimates from multiview reconstructions of the left-ventricle were found to be in better agreement with clinical estimates than volumes estimated from single view reconstructions.

关键词： Echocardiography

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Gradient-free maximum likelihood parameter estimation with particle filters

Gradient-free maximum likelihood parameter estimation with p...

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American Control Conference (ACC)

作者： G. Poyiadjis S.S. Singh A. Doucet Signal Processing and Communications Group Department of Engineering University of Cambridge UK Department of Computer Science and the Department of Statistics University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada

In this paper we address the problem of on-line estimation of unknown static parameters in non-linear non-Gaussian state-space models. We consider a particle filtering method and employ two gradient-free Stochastic approximation (SA) methods to maximize recursively the likelihood function, the finite difference SA and Spall's simultaneous perturbation SA. We demonstrate how these algorithms can generate maximum likelihood estimates in a simple and computationally efficient manner. The performance of the proposed algorithms is assessed through simulation

关键词： Maximum likelihood estimation Parameter estimation Particle filters State estimation Stochastic processes Finite difference methods Approximation algorithms Filtering algorithms Recursive estimation Computational modeling

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An Ambient Proof and Wide Tuning Range LC VCO with Automatic Amplitude Control for Tuner Applications

An Ambient Proof and Wide Tuning Range LC VCO with Automatic...

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2006 International Conference on communications,Circuits and Systems(第四届国际通信、电路与系统学术会议)

作者： Desheng Ma Jun Yan Ming Gu Yin Shi Wei Mao Fa Foster Dai Mixed Signal and High Speed Circuit Lab Institute of Semiconductors Chinese Academy of Science Beij Department of Electrical Computer Engineering Auburn University Auburn Alabama USA 36849-5201

This paper represents a LC VCO with AAC (Auto Amplitude Control), in which PMOS FETs are used as active components, and the varactors are directly connected to ground to widen Kvco linear range. The AAC circuitry adds little noise to the VCO and provides it with robust performance over a wide temperature and carrier frequency range. The VCO is fabricated in 50-GHz 0.35-μm SiGe BiCMOS process. The measurement results show that it has -127.27-dBc/Hz phase noise at 1-MHz offset and a linear gain of 32.4-MHz/V between 990-MHz and 1.14-GHz. The whole circuit draws 6.6-mA current from 5.0-V supply.

关键词： Voltage-controlled oscillators Automatic control Tuners Circuit optimization FETs Varactors Circuit noise Noise robustness Land surface temperature Temperature distribution

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A preamble-aided symbol and frequency synchronization scheme for OFDM systems

A preamble-aided symbol and frequency synchronization scheme...

引用

IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems 2005, ISCAS 2005

作者： Wu, Meng Zhu, Wei-Ping Centre for Signal Processing and Communications Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Concordia University Montreal QC Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9780780388345

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing isconsidered to be an appealing modulation technique for high-speed wireless communication systems owing to its spectral efficiency and robustness against multipath fading. However, an OFDM system is very sensitive to synchronization and a small frequency or timing offset maycause a large inter-carrier interference (ICI), leading to a dramatic degradation in the system performance. This paper presents an efficient symbol and frequency synchronization scheme for OFDM systems that is compatible with IEEE 802.16a standard. A timing algorithm is proposed based on the preamble defined in IEEE 802.16a. The conjugate symmetry of the preamble structure is exploited to reduce computational complexity. It is shown that the new scheme not only reduces the estimation error significantly but also allows for an independent symbol synchronization compared to the conventional methods where a fine timing usually has to be done after the frequency offset correction. © 2005 IEEE.

关键词： Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing

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OFDM performance analysis in the presence of synchronization errors induced by hot carriers 62

OFDM performance analysis in the presence of synchronization...

引用

62nd Vehicular Technology Conference, VTC 2005

作者： Herlekar, Sameer R. Wu, Hsiao-Chun Zhang, Chi Srivastava, Ashok Communications and Signal Processing Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Louisiana State University Baton RougeLA70803-5901 United States

ISBN: (纸本)0780391527

Phase noise may be regarded as the most severe cause of performance degradation in OFDM systems. Hot-carriers (HCs), found in the CMOS synchronization circuits, are highmobility charge carriers that degrade the MOSFET devices' performance by increasing the threshold voltage required to operate the MOSFETs. The HC effect manifests itself as the phase noise, which increases with the continued MOSFET operation and results in the performance degradation of the Voltage-Controlled Oscillator (VCO) built on the MOSFET. The HC effect is particularly evident in the short-channel MOSFET devices. The MOSFET instability will impact on the OFDM system performance. The relationship between the OFDM system performance and the hot-carrier effect can be analyzed in terms of a crucial parameter, the threshold voltage. In this paper, we adopt the phase noise model for double-ended ring oscillators, and derive a sensitivity function which can provide insights into the expected OFDM system performance for the system design engineers. The expected OFDM performance degradation due to the hot carrier effect is also provided through our simulations. © 2005 IEEE.

关键词： Phase noise

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Compression of PointTexture 3D motion sequences

Compression of PointTexture 3D motion sequences

引用

Multimedia Systems and Applications VIII

作者： Song, In-Wook Kim, Chang-Su Lee, Sang-Uk Signal Processing Lab. School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Seoul National University Seoul 151-741 Korea Republic of Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering Korea University Seoul Korea Republic of

In this work, we propose two compression algorithms for PointTexture 3D sequences: the octree-based scheme and the motion-compensated prediction scheme. The first scheme represents each PointTexture frame hierarchically using an octree. The geometry information in the octree nodes is encoded by the predictive partial matching (PPM) method. The encoder supports the progressive transmission of the 3D frame by transmitting the octree nodes in a top-down manner. The second scheme adopts the motion-compensated prediction to exploit the temporal correlation in 3D sequences. It first divides each frame into blocks, and then estimates the motion of each block using the block matching algorithm. In contrast to the motion-compensated 2D video coding, the prediction residual may take more bits than the original signal. Thus, in our approach, the motion compensation is used only for the blocks that can be replaced by the matching blocks. The other blocks are PPM-encoded. Extensive simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithms provide excellent compression performances.

关键词： Data compression

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