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A Pitch Detection Method for Speech signals with Low signal-to-Noise Ratio

A Pitch Detection Method for Speech Signals with Low Signal-...

引用

URSI International Symposium on signals, Systems, and Electronics (ISSSE)

作者： C. Shahnaz W.-P. Zhu M. O. Ahmad Centre for Signal Processing and Communications Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Concordia University Montreal QUE Canada

A new method for the pitch detection of speech severely degraded by a white noise is presented in this paper. We intend to incorporate a noise reduction approach based on a modified power spectral subtraction scheme to enhance the pre-processed speech prior to pitch estimation. The de-noised speech is then passed through an inverse filter, whose parameters are derived from the linear prediction (LP) analysis, yielding an output referred to as the LP residual. Since the LP residual is capable of delivering the knowledge of glottal closure events, it is utilized to propose a new average magnitude sum function (AMSF) and an average magnitude difference function (AMDF) both of which exhibit the periodicity at the pitch period. Exploiting the property that the AMDF shows a notch while the AMSF produces a peak, the AMDF is weighted by the reciprocal of the AMSF to reinforce the pitch-harmonic-notches in a heavy noise. Simulation results using the Keele database guarantee a superior pitch detection efficacy of the proposed approach for a white noise-corrupted speech compared to some of the existing methods at a very low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).

关键词： signal to noise ratio Speech enhancement Speech analysis Noise reduction White noise Speech coding Personal digital assistants Frequency Autocorrelation Background noise

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Linear Prediction Based Semi-Blind Channel Estimation for MIMO-OFDM System

Linear Prediction Based Semi-Blind Channel Estimation for MI...

引用

IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)

作者： Feng Wan Wei-Ping Zhu M.N.S. Swamy Centre for Signal Processing and Communications Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Concordia University Montreal QUE Canada

In this paper, a semi-blind channel estimation method is presented for MIMO-OFDM systems. The new method uses the linear prediction for obtaining a blind constraint on the MIMO-OFDM channel matrix as well as the least-squares approximation for the training signal. The proposed method can be regarded as an extension of an existing semi-blind MIMO channel estimation algorithm. Yet the extension is nontrivial, since the formulation of the MIMO-OFDM signal and the related blind constraint cannot easily be obtained from the MIMO counterpart. The proposed algorithm is simulated using Monte-Carlo method and compared with the LS method in terms of the mean square error (MSE) of the estimation. Simulation results show that the proposed method consistently outperforms the LS method when the same training signal is used.

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A Class of Cosine-Modulated Filter Banks with Multiple Prototype Filters

A Class of Cosine-Modulated Filter Banks with Multiple Proto...

引用

IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)

作者： Chao Wu Wei-Ping Zhu M.N.S. Swamy Centre for Signal Processing and Communications Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Concordia University Montreal QUE Canada

In this paper, several new cosine-modulated filter banks (CMFBs) are developed by using multiple prototype filters in conjunction with a proper modulation scheme. First, the conventional CMFB is formulated as a cascade of a modulation matrix and a polyphase matrix with a bidiagonal structure. Under this framework, it is then revealed that the proposed new CMFBs are a special class of paraunitary filter banks (PUFBs), whose polyphase matrices are of different sparse patterns. It is shown that when M prototype filters are used, a full polyphase matrix representing a general PUFB can be obtained, thus providing a bridge connecting CMFBs and PUFBs. It is also shown that with more free parameters involved in the CMFBs, one can achieve a tradeoff between the performance of the filter bank and its design/implementation complexity

关键词： Filter bank Prototypes Sparse matrices Lattices Chaotic communication signal processing Design engineering Bridges Joining processes Data compression

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An Approach for Voiced/Unvoiced Decision of Colored Noise-Corrupted Speech

An Approach for Voiced/Unvoiced Decision of Colored Noise-Co...

引用

IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)

作者： C. Shahnaz W. -P. Zhu M. O. Ahmad Centre for Signal Processing and Communications Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Concordia University Montreal QUE Canada

A two-step algorithm for the voiced/unvoiced (V/UV) decision of colored noise-corrupted speech is presented in this paper. An effective noise-whitening process is first applied to the noisy speech to combat the adverse effect of colored noise. Then, a harmonicity measure is proposed which is derived from the LP residual of the pre-whitened speech. Integrating root-mean-square energy and zero-crossing rate, another composite measure is introduced. In the first step, signal-dependent initial-thresholds (SDITs) for both the measures which are capable of highlighting distinctive attributes of voiced and unvoiced frames, are determined analyzing their statistical properties. In the second step, based on the SDITs, a bi-feature logical target function is formulated to attain a preliminary score of V/UV decision. Additional voicing criteria are developed to conquer the artifacts that may exist due to the overlapping between decision regions. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm yields superior performance in comparison with some of the existing V/UV decision schemes in the same interfering colored noise scenario.

关键词： Colored noise Speech enhancement Speech analysis signal processing algorithms Working environment noise Filters Speech coding Speech processing Frequency White noise

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An Identification Technique for ARMA Systems in the Presence of Noise

An Identification Technique for ARMA Systems in the Presence...

引用

Canadian Conference on electrical and computer engineering (CCECE)

作者： S. A. Fattah W. -P. Zhu M. O. Ahmad Centre for Signal Processing and Communications Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Concordia University Montreal QUE Canada

This paper presents an approach for the identification of minimum-phase autoregressive moving average (ARMA) systems in the presence of additive noise. For the identification of the AR part of an ARMA system, unlike conventional correlation based methods, we propose to employ a once-repeated autocorrelation function (ORACF) of the observed noisy signal which is capable of reducing the effect of additive noise. The ORACF is used in a modified form of the least-squares Yule-Walker equations which provides an estimate of the AR parameters as a least-squares solution. For the identification of the MA part, the residual signal obtained by filtering the observed signal via the estimated AR polynomial is used. In order to tackle the noise in the residual signal, a noise-compensation scheme is proposed. The MA parameters are estimated by using the spectral factorization corresponding to the noise-compensated power spectrum of the residual signal. Simulation results show the superiority of performance by the proposed method in comparison to some of the existing methods at low levels of SNR.

关键词： Noise reduction Parameter estimation Autoregressive processes signal processing Autocorrelation Equations Working environment noise Additive noise Polynomials Speech coding

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An Identification Technique for Noisy ARMA Systems in Correlation Domain

An Identification Technique for Noisy ARMA Systems in Correl...

引用

IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)

作者： S. A. Fattah W.-P. Zhu M. O. Ahmad Centre for Signal Processing and Communications Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Concordia University Montreal QUE Canada

In this paper, an identification technique for the minimum-phase autoregressive moving average (ARMA) systems using only the noise-corrupted observations is presented. In order to obtain a more accurate estimate of the AR parameters in the noisy environment, a repeated autocorrelation function (RACF) of the observed data is employed in the modified least-squares Yule-Walker equations. It has been found that at a very low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), the effect of the additive noise can be significantly reduced if a twice-RACF is employed instead of the conventional ACF. Prior to the MA part identification, a noise-compensation scheme is proposed which operates on the noise-contaminated residual signal. The MA parameters are extracted from the noise-compensated power spectrum of the residual signal using the spectral factorization. ARMA systems of different orders and some natural speech signals are tested and computer simulations demonstrate a superior identification results even at a very low SNR.

关键词： signal processing Equations signal to noise ratio Noise reduction Autoregressive processes Working environment noise Autocorrelation Speech coding Speech synthesis Gaussian noise

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An Approach for Pitch Estimation from Noisy Speech

An Approach for Pitch Estimation from Noisy Speech

引用

Canadian Conference on electrical and computer engineering (CCECE)

作者： C. Shahnaz W. -P. Zhu M. O. Ahmad Centre for Signal Processing and Communications Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Concordia University Montreal QUE Canada

In this paper, a new technique is proposed for the estimation of pitch from the noise-corrupted speech. To enhance speech in a noisy environment, a spectral subtraction (SS) based noise reduction scheme is incorporated prior to pitch estimation. The de-noised speech thus obtained is passed through an inverse filter, whose parameters are derived from the linear prediction (LP) analysis, yielding an output referred to as the LP residual. The direct use of the LP residual which is capable of delivering the knowledge of glottal closure (GC) events, is found to be ineffective for noisy speech. Hence, a new average magnitude sum function (AMSF) of the LP residual is proposed which reveals prominent peaks at the integer multiple of the pitch period even in the presence of noise. Simulation results show that the proposed approach significantly reduces the percentage gross pitch-errors in comparison to that achieved by some of the existing methods both in the white and car environmental noises.

关键词： Working environment noise Speech enhancement Frequency domain analysis Frequency estimation Degradation Noise reduction Speech analysis Autocorrelation Low pass filters signal processing

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The Electronic Passport and the Future of Government-Issued RFID-Based Identification

The Electronic Passport and the Future of Government-Issued ...

引用

IEEE International Conference on RFID

作者： G. Matthew Ezovski Steve E. Watkins Adaptive Communications and Signal Processing Group Electrical and Computer Engineering Cornell University Ithaca NY USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Missouri Rolla Rolla MO USA

ISBN: (纸本)1424410126;1424410134

Passports and other identification documents may be enhanced using recent advancements in technology. Various national and international bodies are pursuing machine-readable approaches with biometric information. In particular, the international civil aviation organization (ICAO) has adopted standards whereby passports can store biometric identifiers. Countries that participate in the visa waiver program (VWP) began issuing electronic passports in 2006. However, the selection of technologies remains questionable due to privacy and security concerns. This paper examines policy regarding these electronic approaches and developments toward electronic data storage and transmission. Radio-frequency identification (RFID) devices for electronic passports and other existing identity documents are discussed.

关键词： Radiofrequency identification Terrorism Biometrics Standards organizations Integrated circuit technology Privacy Data security Radio frequency National security Pipelines

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Space Time Block Coding HARQ scheme for Highly Frequency Selective Channels

Space Time Block Coding HARQ scheme for Highly Frequency Sel...

引用

IEEE International Conference on communications (ICC)

作者： K. Acolatse Y. BarNess Center for Wireless Communications and Signal Processing Research Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering New Jersey Institute of Technology Newark NJ USA

We proposed a hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) packet transmission scheme for a multiple input multiple output (MIMO) system in a frequency selective fading channel. The scheme combines Alamouti space-time block coding with MIMO-HARQ and single-carrier frequency domain equalization (SC-FDE). It is shown that the technique works in a frequency flat fading channel as well.

关键词： Block codes MIMO Automatic repeat request Diversity reception Fading Frequency domain analysis Forward error correction Protocols Decoding Space technology

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Does an endmember set really yield maximum simplex volume?

Does an endmember set really yield maximum simplex volume?

引用

IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS)

作者： Chao-Cheng Wu Chein-I Chang Remote Sensing Signal and Image Processing Laboratory the Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering Department University of Maryland Baltimore MD USA

One of commonly used criteria for finding an endmember set is to assume that for a given number of endmembers, p, a p-vertex simplex with its vertices specified by p endmembers always yields the maximum volume. Since there are also other criteria which have been widely used for endmember extraction, the issue of interest is "does an endmember set really produce a simplex with maximum volume?" In other words, using the criterion of a simplex with maximum volume is a better and more effective measure than other criteria currently being used by endmember extraction such as orthogonal projection-based pixel purity index (PPI), fully constrained least squares-based spectral unmixing, etc. This paper explores this issue by investigating a number of popular endmember extraction algorithms which are designed by different criteria. An extensive experiment-based study is also conducted for comparative analysis.

关键词： Algorithm design and analysis Least squares methods Hyperspectral imaging Indexes Volume measurement Chaos Data mining Subspace constraints Computational efficiency Current measurement

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