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An Over-Complete Independent Component Analysis (ICA) Approach to Magnetic Resonance Image Analysis

An Over-Complete Independent Component Analysis (ICA) Approa...

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Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

作者： Jing Wang C.-I. Chang Hsiang Ming Chen C.C.-C. Chen Jyh Wen Chai Yen-Chieh Ouyang Remote Sensing Signal and Image Processing Laboratory Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering University of Maryland Baltimore MD USA Department of Electrical Engineering National Chung Hsing University Taichung Taiwan Department of Radiology Taichung Veterans General Hospital Taichung Taiwan

This paper presents a new application of independent component analysis (ICA) in magnetic resonance (MR) image analysis. One of most successful applications for ICA-based approaches in MR imaging is functional MRI (fMRI) which basically deals with one-dimensional temporal signals. The ICA approach proposed in this paper is rather different and considers a set of MR images acquired by different pulse sequences as a 3-dimensional image cube and performs image analysis rather than signal analysis. One major difference between the fMRI-based ICA approaches and our proposed ICA-based image analysis is that the ICA used in the former is undercomplete as opposed to the latter which uses over-complete ICA. Such a fundamental difference results in completely different applications

关键词： Independent component analysis Magnetic resonance Image analysis Image sequence analysis Magnetic resonance imaging signal processing Image processing Principal component analysis Pixel Remote sensing

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A Fast Algorithm for ICA Deduced from a Closed-Form Solution of Kurtosis Maximization

A Fast Algorithm for ICA Deduced from a Closed-Form Solution...

引用

IEEE Workshop on Machine Learning for signal processing

作者： T. Murakami T. Tanaka Y. Ishida Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Koganei Tokyo Japan RIKEN-BSI Laboratory for Advanced Brain Signal Processing Wako Saitama Japan Department of Electronics and Communications Meiji University Kawasaki Kanagawa Japan

An independent component analysis (ICA) algorithm based on the kurtosis is presented. As well known, one of the original signals can be extracted from observations by maximizing the absolute value of kurtosis. The conventional algorithms, however, often show oscillation or slow convergence because these methods seek a true solution in an iterative manner. We prove in this paper that in the two-signal case the optimum solution of the kurtosis-based cost function can be obtained in closed form. By exploiting this closed-form solution, we establish a new fast algorithm for ICA. In addition, experimental results show that when there are more than three signals, the method can find optimum solution faster than the conventional algorithms. It is also observed that the oscillation does not occur within the proposed method.

关键词： Independent component analysis Closed-form solution signal processing algorithms Cost function Sensor arrays Iterative algorithms Source separation signal restoration signal processing Statistics

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Design of Mth-band FIR Filters based on Generalized Polyphase Structure

Design of Mth-band FIR Filters based on Generalized Polyphas...

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Proceedings of 2006 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems,Volume 4

作者： Chao Wu Wei-Ping Zhu M. N. S. Swamy Centre for Signal Processing and Communications Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Concordia University Montreal QUE Canada

In this paper, a generalized polyphase (GP) structure based design method for Mth-band FIR filters is presented A few new transform matrices are proposed as seed matrix for generating a GP structure, which overcomes some limitations of the commonly used Hadamard transform. Under the framework of a general GP structure realization, the relationship between the original filter and the interpolator as well as the constituent filter is revealed from the frequency response perspective. This relationship facilitates the design problem of GP structure based FIR filters, since the original large-tap filler is reduced to a number of short-length constituent filters which can easily be designed according to the derived specifications. In particular, a closed-form frequency specification for the design of Mth-band fillers is obtained. Design examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

关键词： Finite impulse response filter Error correction Error correction codes Frequency response Design methodology Algorithm design and analysis Design optimization Chaotic communication signal processing Design engineering

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Adaptive Arrays for Broadband communications in the Presence of Co-Channel Interference

Adaptive Arrays for Broadband Communications in the Presence...

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Asilomar Conference on signals, Systems & computers

作者： Xiayu Zheng Petre Stoica Jian Li Renbiao Wu Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Florida Gainesville FL USA Department of Information Technology University of Uppsala Uppsala Sweden Tianjin Key Laboratory for Advanced Signal Processing Civil Aviation University of China Tianjin China

We present an adaptive detection (AD) for broadband communication in the presence of co-channel interference (CCI). In the case of imperfect channel estimation, a robust AD (RAD) is proposed to maintain the good performance. We also show that both AD and RAD can be further improved by using an iterative scheme, referred to as iterative AD (IAD) and iterative RAD (IRAD), respectively. Numerical examples show that all the proposed methods outperform the conventional maximum likelihood sequence estimator (MLSE) significantly, and that they are also computationally more efficient.

关键词： Adaptive arrays Broadband communication Interchannel interference Radiofrequency interference Maximum likelihood estimation Robustness signal processing algorithms Viterbi algorithm Array signal processing Information technology

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Robust Segmentation and Volumetric Registration in a Multi-view 3D Freehand Ultrasound Reconstruction System

Robust Segmentation and Volumetric Registration in a Multi-v...

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Asilomar Conference on signals, Systems & computers

作者： Honggang Yu Marios S. Pattichis M. Beth Goens Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering image and video Processing and Communications Laboratory University of New Mexico Albuquerque NM USA Pediatric Cardiology Clinic of the Children's Hospital Heart Center University of New Mexico Albuquerque NM USA

In this paper, we present a new reconstruction method with volumetric registration and semi-automatic segmentation in a multi-view 3D freehand ultrasound imaging system. The new volumetric registration approach is performed on binarized walls using non-linear least squares. It can provide accurate multi-view reconstructions despite significant rigid target motion between different acoustic window acquisitions. A hybrid adaptive gradient vector flow (GVF) geometric active contour (GAC) model is used for image sequence segmentation. It allows for relatively simple initialization of the deformable model, while avoiding edge leaking at poor edges and small boundary gaps. The algorithms were validated on four ultrasound phantom data sets (eight sequences of a total of 336 images) and two echocardiography data sets (four sequences for a total of 75 images). Quantitative evaluation shows that automatic segmentation is comparable with manual segmentation. Using breath-holding and cardiac gating, volume estimates from multi- view reconstructions of the left-ventricle were found to be in better agreement with clinical estimates than volumes estimated from single view reconstructions.

关键词： Robustness Ultrasonic imaging Image segmentation Image reconstruction Reconstruction algorithms Acoustic imaging Least squares methods Active contours Solid modeling Image sequences

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Immune-inspired Dynamic Optimization for Blind Spatial Equalization in Undermodeled Channels

Immune-inspired Dynamic Optimization for Blind Spatial Equal...

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Congress on Evolutionary Computation

作者： C. Junqueira F.O. de Franca R.R.F. Attux C.M. Panazio L.N. de Castro F.J. von Zuben J.M.T. Romano Laboratory of Signal Processing for Communications (DSPCom) School of Electrical and Computer Engineering (FEEC) State University of Campinas-UNICAMP Sao Paulo Brazil Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Bio-inspired Computing (LBiC) School of Electrical and Computer Engineering (FEEC) State University of Campinas-UNICAMP Sao Paulo Brazil LCS/PTC/EPUSP University of São Paulo Sao Paulo Brazil Catholic University of Santos Unisantos Sao Paulo Brazil

In this work, we propose an evolutionary-like approach to the problem of blind adaptive spatial filtering that is based on the decision-directed criterion and on the dopt-aiNet, an artificial immune network conceived to perform multimodal search in dynamic environments. The proposal was tested under static and time-varying undermodeled channel models, and, in all cases, its ability to find and track a solution close to the Wiener global optimum was attested. The obtained results reveal that the dopt-aiNet may decisively enhance the performance of adaptive arrays in scenarios built from elements that are representative of some aspects of real-world communication systems.

关键词： Blind equalizers Adaptive arrays Radio frequency Diversity reception Biomedical signal processing Laboratories Linear antenna arrays Antenna arrays Intelligent networks Adaptive filters

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A Key Frame Selection-Based Facial Expression Recognition System

A Key Frame Selection-Based Facial Expression Recognition Sy...

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International Conference on Innovative Computing, Information and Control (ICICIC)

作者： S.M. Guo Y.A. Pan Y.C. Liao C.Y. Hsu J.S.H. Tsai C.I. Chang Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Engineering Kung University Tainan Taiwan Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Cheng-Kung University Tainan Taiwan Republic of China Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering University of Maryland Baltimore County (UMBC) Baltimore MD U.S.A. National Cheng Kung University Tainan TW Department of Electrical Engineering National Engineering Kung University Tainan Taiwan Department of Electrical Engineering National Cheng-Kung University Tainan Taiwan Republic of China Remote Sensing Signal and Image Processing Laboratory Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering University of Maryland Baltimore Baltimore MD USA

Automatic recognition of facial expressions has received considerable interest in the computer vision. This paper presents a key frame selection-based system for recognition of four basic facial expressions: happiness, anger, sadness and surprise, in image sequences. The proposed new approach is designed for recognition of facial expressions via a key frame selection of the facial motion from an image sequence where an optical flow is used to determine changes in a facial expression, experimental results demonstrate that the proposed automatic recognition process significantly improves the computational complexity encountered in facial expression recognition while enhancing the ability of recognition

关键词： Face recognition Face detection Image recognition Image sequences Feature extraction Facial features computer science Remote sensing signal processing Image processing

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Control Oriented Models & Feedback Design in Fluid Flow Systems: A Review

Control Oriented Models & Feedback Design in Fluid Flow Syst...

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Mediterranean Conference on Control and Automation (MED)

作者： Gilead Tadmor Bernd R. Noack Marek Morzynski Communications & Digital Signal Processing Center and the Electrical & Computer Engineering Department Northeastern University Qinhuangdao Boston MA USA Institute of Fluid Dynamics and Technical Acoustics Berlin University of Technology Berlin Germany Institute of Combustion Engines & Basics of Machine Design Poznań University of Technology Poznan Poland

The nonlinearity and high dimension of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models (O(10 4 ) at the low end) reflect fluid dynamics' intrinsic complexity. It is a formidable challenge, setting fluid flow control apart from conventional applications. Its implications include restrictions on model based control design, reliable state estimation, and thus, on feedback implementation. Seeking low order, design accessible models, the issue of an ample dynamic envelope, covering targeted free and actuated transients, is in the essence. We review some enablers for very low order, Galerkin models (GMs). Those include the combination of empirical proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) and physics based modes, estimation of turbulence and pressure effects, actuation models, interpolated models that cover an enhanced dynamic range, and auxiliary, phasor models, focused on sensor readings. The dynamic manifold of model validity must be respected for a meaningful use of the model, but can also be exploited, such as by a restriction to slow drift in the system's periodic behavior, enabling the use of simplifying dynamic phasor models. Finally, we shall highlight some intrinsic performance limitations in GM based feedback flow control

关键词： Fluid flow control Fluid flow Computational fluid dynamics Fluid dynamics Control design State estimation State feedback Physics Pressure effects Dynamic range

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3D ROC Analysis for Medical Imaging Diagnosis

3D ROC Analysis for Medical Imaging Diagnosis

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Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

作者： Su Wang C.-I. Chang Sheng-Chih Yang Giu-Cheng Hsu Hsian-He Hsu Pau-Choo Chung Shu-Mei Guo San-Kan Lee Remote Sensing Signal and Image Processing Laboratory Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering University of Maryland Baltimore County Baltimore MD USA Department of Electrical Engineering National Cheng Kung University Taiwan Department of Radiology Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center Taipei Taiwan Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Cheng Kung University Taiwan Administrative Office Suao Veterans Hospital Yilan Taiwan

Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) has been widely used as a performance evaluation tool to measure effectiveness of medical modalities. It is derived from a standard detection theory with false alarm and detection power interpreted as false positive (FP) and true positive (TP) respectively in terms of medical diagnosis. The ROC curve is plotted based on TP versus FP via hard decisions. This paper presents a three dimensional (3D) ROC analysis which extends the traditional two-dimensional (2D) ROC analysis by including a threshold parameter in a third dimension resulting from soft decisions, (SD). As a result, a 3D ROC curve can be plotted based on three parameters, TP, FP and SD. By virtue of such a 3D ROC curve three two-dimensional (2D) ROC curves can be derived, one of which is the traditional 2D ROC curve of TP versus FP with SD reduced to hard decision. In order to illustrate its utility in medical diagnosis, its application to magnetic resonance (MR) image classification is demonstrated

关键词： Image analysis Biomedical imaging Radar detection Medical diagnosis Detectors computer science Hospitals Medical diagnostic imaging Magnetic analysis Performance analysis

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A preamble-aided symbol and frequency synchronization scheme for OFDM systems

A preamble-aided symbol and frequency synchronization scheme...

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IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems 2005, ISCAS 2005

作者： Wu, Meng Zhu, Wei-Ping Centre for Signal Processing and Communications Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Concordia University Montreal QC Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9780780388345

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing isconsidered to be an appealing modulation technique for high-speed wireless communication systems owing to its spectral efficiency and robustness against multipath fading. However, an OFDM system is very sensitive to synchronization and a small frequency or timing offset maycause a large inter-carrier interference (ICI), leading to a dramatic degradation in the system performance. This paper presents an efficient symbol and frequency synchronization scheme for OFDM systems that is compatible with IEEE 802.16a standard. A timing algorithm is proposed based on the preamble defined in IEEE 802.16a. The conjugate symmetry of the preamble structure is exploited to reduce computational complexity. It is shown that the new scheme not only reduces the estimation error significantly but also allows for an independent symbol synchronization compared to the conventional methods where a fine timing usually has to be done after the frequency offset correction. © 2005 IEEE.

关键词： Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing

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