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Constrained Energy Minimization (CEM) for Hyperspectral Target Detection: Theory and Generalizations

IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 2024年 62卷

作者： Chang, Chein-I. Information and Technology College Dalian116026 China University of Maryland Baltimore County Remote Sensing Signal and Image Processing Laboratory Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering BaltimoreMD21250 United States National Cheng Kung University Department of Electrical Engineering Tainan70101 Taiwan

Target detection is a fundamental task of hyperspectral imaging where constrained energy minimization (CEM) has been widely used for subpixel target detection techniques. Due to its effectiveness, CEM has been generalized to various versions, such as kernel CEM (KCEM), kernel target-constrained interference-minimized filter (KTCIMF), ensemble cascaded CEM (ECEM), and hierarchical CEM (HCEM). Unfortunately, these generalizations overlooked the key design rationale behind CEM. This article revisits CEM for hyperspectral target detection (HTD) and proves how and why it works mathematically. Specifically, several new CEM generalizations are derived and particularly noteworthy. By including spatial information in an iterative process, KCEM, ECEM, and HCEM can be generalized to iterative KCEM (IKCEM), iterative KTCIMF (IKTCIMF), iterative ECEM (IECEM), and iterative HCEM (IHCEM). Also, by utilizing an iterative random training sampling (IRTS) to generate the desired target signature to be detected, these algorithms are further generalized to IRTS KCEM (IRTS-KCEM), IRTS ECEM (IRTS-ECEM), and IRTS HCEM (IRTS-HCEM). A comprehensive analysis along with comparative study on these generalizations is conducted through extensive experiments to demonstrate the effectiveness of IKCEM, IHCEM, and IECEM. © 1980-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Iterative methods

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Achieving high sensing resolution using a Microwave Photonic signal generated by a laser diode with a control cavity

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Optics and Lasers in engineering 2022年 158卷

作者： Ruan, Yuxi Yu, Yanguang Liu, Bin Guo, Qinghua Xi, Jiangtao Tong, Jun Signal Processing for Instrumentation and Communications Research Laboratory School of Electrical Computer and Telecommunications Engineering University of Wollongong NSW2522 Australia School of Physics and Optoelectronics Xiangtan University Hunan 411100 China

Laser diodes (LDs) experiencing external optical feedback (OF) are known to demonstrate complex nonlinear dynamics and found various applications. Typical sensing configuration using an LD with OF is called optical feedback interferometry (OFI) that can produce an interferometric-like fringe signal (called OFI fringe) with a fringe resolution as half laser wavelength for displacement measurement. This work uses a dual-cavity OFI and operates the LD at Period-One (P1) state. By optimal configuration for such system, a microwave photonic (MWP) signal can be generated in oscillation form at a very high frequency with its amplitude modulated by an OFI fringe signal. The high frequency component contained in the MWP signal is used for subdivision of an OFI fringe to greatly improve sensing resolution. Both simulation and experiment are conducted to confirm the proposed approach for OFI fringe subdivision. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Optical feedback

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Boundary-Guided Fusion of Multi-Level Features Network for Camouflaged Object Detection

Boundary-Guided Fusion of Multi-Level Features Network for C...

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International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)

作者： Songlin Li Zhe Li Boyuan Li Xiuhong Li Jiabao Sheng School of Computer Science and Technology Xinjiang University Urumqi China Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Signal Detection and Processing Xinjiang University Urumqi China Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Hong Kong Polytechnic University HongKong China

ISBN: (数字)9798350359312

ISBN: (纸本)9798350359329

Camouflaged objects, exhibiting high similarity with their surroundings, pose a substantial challenge for both humans and machines to detect when concealed within the environment. Existing methods for camouflage object detection (COD) struggle in accurately segmenting the overall structure of camouflaged objects. To address this issue, we propose a novel boundary-guided fusion of multi-level features network (BGFM-Net) for COD. In contrast to existing boundary-guided methods, we pay more attention to addressing the significant imbalance in the pixel quantities between boundary and background features, allowing for a more comprehensive representation of boundary features. BGFM-Net primarily consists of a multi-scale aggregation module (MSAM), a boundary-guided feature module (BFM), and a cross-Level fusion module (CLFM). MSAM effectively integrates contextual semantics at different scales, achieving a powerful and efficient feature representation. BFM adeptly combines edge features while constraining interference from background features, guiding the learning of camouflaged object boundary representation. CLFM integrates multi-level features for predicting camouflaged objects while adaptively adjusting channel weights to emphasize important channels and diminish the impact of less relevant channels for the task. Extensive experiments on three benchmark camouflage datasets demonstrate that our BGFM-Net outperforms other state-of-the-art COD models.

关键词： Adaptation models Semantics Neural networks Object detection Interference Benchmark testing Feature extraction

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Zero-Forcing Beamforming for Beam Sweeping with Reconfigurable Holographic Surfaces

Zero-Forcing Beamforming for Beam Sweeping with Reconfigurab...

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IEEE Conference on Wireless communications and Networking

作者： M. Yaser Yağan İbrahim Hökelek Ali E. Pusane Ali Görçin Communications and Signal Processing Research (HİSAR) Laboratory TÜBİTAK BİLGEM Kocaeli Türkiye Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Boğaziçi University İstanbul Türkiye Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Istanbul Technical University İstanbul Türkiye

ISBN: (数字)9798350303582

ISBN: (纸本)9798350303599

Reconfigurable holographic surfaces (RHSs) for multi-beam steering applications have been receiving significant attention due to their low fabrication cost and power consumption. RHSs have the advantage of exploiting more antenna elements by configuring only their radiation levels, as opposed to the typical phased antenna arrays which enable the control of each element's phase and amplitude. RHSs can be utilized to realize holographic beamforming with single-feed or multi-feeds, where digital beamforming can also be implemented using multi-feeds. In this paper, first, the holographic beamforming problem is formulated by means of the conventional beamforming expressions using the array factor and the holographic beamforming weights. Then, a zero-forcing beamforming method is developed for a single-feed RHS to generate multi-beam and multi-null patterns. Additionally, a bisectional null scanning approach for beam sweeping is presented to exploit the advantages of RHS for forming wide nulls in the beamspace. Simulation results imply a substantial advantage of such single-feed RHS for high-accuracy beam sweeping.

关键词： Phased arrays Multiuser detection Fabrication Power demand Costs Array signal processing Simulation

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Direct Multipath-Based SLAM

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Liang, Mingchao Leitinger, Erik Meyer, Florian The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California La Jolla San DiegoCA92093 United States The Signal Processing and Speech Communication Laboratory Graz University of Technology Graz8010 Austria The Scripps Institution of Oceanography The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California La Jolla San DiegoCA92093 United States

In future wireless networks, the availability of information on the position of mobile agents and the propagation environment can enable new services and increase the throughput and robustness of communications. Multipath-based simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) aims at estimating the position of agents and reflecting features in the environment by exploiting the relationship between the local geometry and multipath components (MPCs) in received radio signals. Existing multipath-based SLAM methods preprocess received radio signals using a channel estimator. The channel estimator lowers the data rate by extracting a set of dispersion parameters for each MPC. These parameters are then used as measurements for SLAM. Bayesian estimation for multipath-based SLAM is facilitated by the lower data rate. However, due to finite resolution capabilities limited by signal bandwidth, channel estimation is prone to errors and MPC parameters may be extracted incorrectly and lead to a reduced SLAM performance. We propose a multipath-based SLAM approach that directly uses received radio signals as inputs. A new statistical model that can effectively be represented by a factor graph is introduced. The factor graph is the starting point for the development of an efficient belief propagation (BP) method for multipath-based SLAM that avoids data preprocessing by a channel estimator. Numerical results based on synthetic and real data in challenging single-input, single-output (SISO) scenarios demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms conventional methods in terms of localization and mapping accuracy. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Channel estimation

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NOMA Assisted Semi-Grant-Free Transmission for UAV Networks: A Multi-User Scheduling Approach

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IEEE Transactions on communications 2025年

作者： Huang, Junlin Lu, Huabing Tang, Jie Zhao, Nan Shi, Zhaoyuan Wang, Xianbin Dalian University of Technology School of Information and Communication Engineering Dalian116024 China Nanchang University School of Information Engineering Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Signal Processing and Intelligent Communications Nanchang330031 China South China University of Technology School of Electronic and Information Engineering Guangzhou510640 China Anqing Normal University School of Computer and Information Anqing246052 China Western University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering LondonN6A 5B9 Canada

Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) assisted semi-grant-free (SGF) transmission, which enables grant-based users to share their spectrum with grant-free (GF) users, becomes an effective solution to the challenge of massive connections. However, this improvement is limited as most of the existing schemes can only admit one GF user. In this paper, we propose a novel NOMA-assisted SGF transmission scheme to support the access of multiple GF users in unmanned aerial vehicle networks. Moreover, in order to further enhance the advantages of the multi-user SGF scheme, two SGF schemes with power matching are devised to further improve the performance by employing the benefits of distributed contention. For ease of performance evaluation, the theoretical expressions of achievable sum rate and average age of information of the three SGF schemes are derived by applying order statistics. We also investigate the high signal-to- noise approximation expressions of sum rate for these schemes to give more insight. Finally, simulation results are provided to demonstrate the performance improvement of three proposed SGF schemes and validate the correctness of the theoretical analysis expressions. © 1972-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV)

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A comprehensive review of visualization methods for association rule mining: Taxonomy, Challenges, Open problems and Future ideas

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Fister, Iztok Fister, Iztok Fister, Dušan Podgorelec, Vili Salcedo-Sanz, Sancho Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Maribor Koroška cesta 46 Maribor2000 Slovenia Department of Signal Processing and Communications Universidad de Alcalá Alcalá de Henares Madrid28805 Spain

Association rule mining is intended for searching for the relationships between attributes in transaction databases. The whole process of rule discovery is very complex, and involves pre-processing techniques, a rule mining step, and post-processing, in which visualization is carried out. Visualization of discovered association rules is an essential step within the whole association rule mining pipeline, to enhance the understanding of users on the results of rule mining. Several association rule mining and visualization methods have been developed during the past decades. This review paper aims to create a literature review, identify the main techniques published in peer-reviewed literature, examine each method’s main features, and present the main applications in the field. Defining the future steps of this research area is another goal of this review paper. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Visualization

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Experimental Assessment of Misalignment Effects in Terahertz communications

Experimental Assessment of Misalignment Effects in Terahertz...

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IEEE International Conference on communications (ICC)

作者： Hasan Nayir Erhan Karakoca Güneş Karabulut Kurt Ali Görçin Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering İstanbul Technical University İstanbul Turkey Communications and Signal Processing Research (HİSAR) Laboratory TÜBİTAK BİLGEM Kocaeli Turkey Department of Electrical Engineering Poly-Grames Research Center Poly technique Montréal Montréal QC Canada

ISBN: (数字)9781728190549

ISBN: (纸本)9781728190556

Terahertz (THz) frequencies play a crucial role in the advancement of next-generation wireless systems, primarily owing to their substantial available bandwidths. The inherent limitation of limited range, attributed to high attenuation in these frequencies, can be effectively addressed by implementing densely deployed heterogeneous networks, complemented by Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) within a three-dimensional hyperspace. Yet, the success of THz communications relies on the precise alignment of beams. Inadequate handling of beam alignment can lead to diminished signal strength at the receiver, significantly affecting THz signals more than their conventional counter-parts. This research underscores the paramount importance of meticulous alignment in THz communication systems. The profound impact of proper alignment is substantiated through comprehensive measurements conducted using a state-of-the-art measurement setup, facilitating accurate data collection across the 240 GHz to 300 GHz spectrum. These measurements encompass varying angles and distances within an anechoic chamber to eliminate reflections. Through a meticulous analysis of the channel frequency and impulse responses derived from these extensive measurements, this study pioneers quantifiable results, providing an assessment of the effects of beam misalignment in THz frequencies.

关键词： Wireless communication Receivers Bandwidth Data collection Autonomous aerial vehicles Reflection Heterogeneous networks

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Deep Learning Based Detection on RIS Assisted RSM and RSSK Techniques

Deep Learning Based Detection on RIS Assisted RSM and RSSK T...

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IEEE Globecom Workshops

作者： Onur Salan Ferhat Bayar Hacı Ilhan Erdogan Aydin Communications and Signal Processing Research (HISAR) Laboratory TUBITAK BILGEM Kocaeli Turkey Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey TUBITAK BILGEM Kocaeli Turkey Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering Yildiz Technical University Istanbul Turkey Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Istanbul Medeniyet University Istanbul Turkey

The reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is considered a crucial technology for the future of wireless communication. Recently, there has been significant interest in combining RIS with spatial modulation (SM) or space shift keying (SSK) to achieve a balance between spectral and energy efficiency. In this paper, we have investigated the use of deep learning techniques for detection in RIS-aided received SM (RSM)/received-SSK (RSSK) systems over Weibull fading channels, specifically by extending the RIS-aided SM/SSK system to a specific case of the conventional SM system. By employing the concept of neural networks, the study focuses on model-driven deep learning detection namely block deep neural networks (B-DNN) for RIS-aided SM systems and compares its performance against maximum likelihood (ML) and greedy detectors. Finally, it has been demonstrated by Monte Carlo simulation that while B-DNN achieved a bit error rate (BER) performance close to that of ML, it gave better results than the Greedy detector.

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Evaluation of LoRaWAN for Remote Health Monitoring: A Preliminary Study

Evaluation of LoRaWAN for Remote Health Monitoring: A Prelim...

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IEEE Conference on Standards for communications and Networking (CSCN)

作者： Konstantinos Katzis Nina Evetovic Brian Cloteaux Kamran Sayrafian Dragana Bajić Department of Computer Science and Engineering European University Cyprus Nicosia Cyprus Department of Communications & Signal Processing University of Novi Sad Novi Sad Serbia Currently with the Institute of Measurement science Slovak Academy of Sciences Information Technology Laboratory National Institute of Standards & Technology Maryland USA

ISBN: (数字)9798331507428

ISBN: (纸本)9798331507435

Lack of sufficient patient monitoring data patterns and scenarios are among the challenges for accurate traffic modeling and network performance optimization when considering IoT medical devices. This paper examines how health data-traffic models can be used to investigate the capability and proper configuration of Long-Range Wide Area Networks (LoRaWAN) for remotely monitoring patients in a hospital environment or at home. For the hospital environment, it is assumed that there are two types of patients at any given time i.e., patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) or surgical wards and those located in the general medical wards. The transmission times of the health data from patients in the ICU/Surgical wards and those in general wards are randomly distributed within one and four-hour periods, respectively. For personal health monitoring devices that people use at their homes, a two-state Markov chain is used to model the generated traffic pattern. Preliminary results indicate that LoRaWAN may be used to support a significant number of nodes with sufficient reliability in both scenarios.

关键词： Wide area networks Patient monitoring Medical devices Hospitals LoRaWAN Surgery Traffic control Reliability Standards Optimization

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