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Path Generative Model Based on Conditional β-Variational Auto Encoder for Four-Bar Mechanism design

Journal of Mechanisms and Robotics 2025年第6期17卷 061004页

作者： Nurizada, Anar Lyu, Zhijie Purwar, Anurag Computer-Aided Design and Innovation Lab Department of Mechanical Engineering Stony Brook University Stony BrookNY11794 United States Stony Brook University Computer-Aided Design and Innovation Lab Department of Mechanical Engineering Stony Brook University Stony BrookNY11794 United States

This article introduces a novel methodology based on conditional β-variational autoencoder (cβ-VAE) architecture to generate diverse types of planar four-bar mechanisms for a given coupler curve. Central to our contribution is the novel integration of cross- and self-attention layers within the VAE framework, facilitating an encoding and decoding process that captures the complex interdependencies of mechanism parameters and associated coupler curves. We propose a unified representation scheme for four-bar mechanisms with both revolute and prismatic joints, utilizing a consistent set of joints to describe each mechanism type. To support and validate our methodology, we have compiled an extensive dataset featuring both open and closed coupler curves of the aforementioned mechanism types. Furthermore, the article introduces three metrics aimed at quantifying the efficacy of our model, alongside an innovative algorithm designed to enhance the predictive outcomes by identifying and computing cognate mechanisms. Copyright © 2025 by ASME.

关键词： Machine design

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Effects of the number of strokes, components and usage frequency on the legibility of Chinese characters for optical head-mounted display

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Behaviour and Information Technology 2024年第4期43卷 749-763页

作者： Hsiao, Chih-Yu Chang, Chien-Chi Liu, Chun-Ju Liu, Kang-Hung Department of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan Department of Computer-Aided Industrial Design Overseas Chinese University Taichung Taiwan

This study investigates the visual angle threshold value for the recognition of Chinese characters displayed on the optical head-mounted display. As optical head-mounted displays are becoming increasingly popular in various fields, character legibility has become an important topic for research. In this study, a legibility test was conducted by randomly displaying characters on the optical head-mounted display. The characteristics that were tested included the number of strokes, components and usage frequency rankings. The visual angle threshold value of each character was recorded and analysed. The results indicate that Chinese characters with more strokes, more components and lower usage frequency have a larger visual angle threshold value than characters with fewer strokes, fewer components and higher frequency. The number of strokes and usage frequency rankings were inputted into a regression model to predict the visual angle threshold value for character recognition (R 2 = 0.72;Adj-R2 = 0.71). The regression analyses revealed that the foregoing inputs increased the visual angle threshold value. These findings provide a practical reference for the display of Chinese characters on optical head-mounted displays. © 2023 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

关键词： Augmented reality

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Analysis of Graphic Images to Expand Descriptions of Physical Effects

Analysis of Graphic Images to Expand Descriptions of Physica...

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2024 International Russian Smart Industry Conference, SmartIndustryCon 2024

作者： Fomenkov, Sergey Korobkin, Dmitriy Bobunov, Artyom Volgograd State Technical University Department of Computer-Aided Design and Search Engineering Systems Volgograd Russia

ISBN: (纸本)9798350395044

Often, the description of the physical effect in the 'primary' sources of information (patent documents, journal articles of a physical profile, dissertations in physics) contains graphs of dependencies linking the physical quantities of the input and output impacts of the physical effect (PhE). The analysis of this information and its use to expand the description of the physical effect is an urgent task. A modification of the model for describing the physical effect was carried out, taking into account the graphical representation of the functional dependence of the physical quantities of the PhE. CNN, LSTM, Visual Transformer (ViT) neural networks and machine learning methods of Naive Bayes, SVM have been tested in relation to classification and recognition tasks on images of dependency graphs. A comparative analysis of the approaches (accuracy of definition, complexity of data preparation, fault tolerance, equipment requirements) was carried out using criteria of precision, recall, F-measure, AUC-ROC. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Fault tolerance

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The Analysis of Images of Mathematical and Chemical Formulas from Patent Documents

The Analysis of Images of Mathematical and Chemical Formulas...

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2024 International Russian Smart Industry Conference, SmartIndustryCon 2024

作者： Korobkin, Dmitriy Shcherbinin, Viktor Fomenkov, Sergey Volgograd State Technical University Department of Computer-Aided Design and Search Engineering Systems Volgograd Russia

ISBN: (纸本)9798350395044

Currently, patent documents contain graphic images of device drawings, graphs, chemical and mathematical formulas, and the formulas often need to be recognized and brought to a unified standard. This work analyzes graphic images extracted from the descriptions of FIPS Rospatent patents. Thematic filtering of mathematical and chemical formulas contained in patent documents and their recognition is provided. The theoretical value lies in the developed patent parsing algorithms in the *** system;recognition of chemical and mathematical formulas among graphic patent images;converting graphic images of chemical formulas into SMILES format;converting graphic images of mathematical formulas into LaTeX format. The practical significance of the work lies in the developed software module for analyzing graphic images from patent documents. The scope of the developed module is the study of patents and the reduction of graphic images to a unified standard for solving patent examine problems. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Image analysis

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A MATRIX-BASED APPROACH TO UNIFIED SYNTHESIS OF PLANAR FOUR-BAR MECHANISMS FOR MOTION GENERATION WITH POSITION, VELOCITY, AND ACCELERATION CONSTRAINTS

A MATRIX-BASED APPROACH TO UNIFIED SYNTHESIS OF PLANAR FOUR-...

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ASME 2024 International design engineering Technical Conferences and computers and Information in engineering Conference, IDETC-CIE 2024

作者： Deng, Xueting Purwar, Anurag Computer-Aided Design and Innovation Lab Department of Mechanical Engineering Stony Brook University Stony BrookNY11794-2300 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9780791888414

This paper introduces a novel matrix-based approach for the simultaneous type and dimensional synthesis of planar four-bar linkage mechanisms, accommodating various practical constraints, including position, velocity, acceleration, and joint placements. Traditional design processes segregate type synthesis, the determination of joint and link configurations, from dimensional synthesis, which involves specifying link sizes and pivot locations. This segregation often leads to complexities in addressing the complete design challenge. The novel methodology proposed in this paper departs from the conventional sequential design approach by concurrently evaluating type and dimensional parameters using a data-driven matrix formulation. The crux of the paper's methodology involves formulating a singular design equation through a transformation matrix, parameterized by the Cartesian parameters of the mechanism's dyads. This formulation linearly expresses a broad range of constraints, facilitating the identification of viable solutions through Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) and Null space analysis. This integrated approach not only simplifies the synthesis process but also provides direct insights into the mechanism's parameters, encompassing both type and dimensions, thereby obviating the need for further interpretative steps common to the use of quaternions and kinematic mapping. In essence, the paper presents two main contributions: the development of a unified design equation capable of encompassing a wide array of constraints within the mechanism synthesis process, and the introduction of an algorithm that effectively identifies all potential planar four-bar linkage mechanisms by accurately satisfying up to five constraints. This approach promises to enhance the design and optimization of mechanical systems by offering a more holistic and efficient pathway to mechanism synthesis. Copyright © 2024 by ASME.

关键词： Matrix algebra

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PATH GENERATIVE MODEL BASED ON CONDITIONAL β- VARIATIONAL AUTO ENCODER FOR MECHANISM design

PATH GENERATIVE MODEL BASED ON CONDITIONAL β- VARIATIONAL A...

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ASME 2024 International design engineering Technical Conferences and computers and Information in engineering Conference, IDETC-CIE 2024

作者： Nurizada, Anar Lyu, Zhijie Purwar, Anurag Computer-Aided Design and Innovation Lab Department of Mechanical Engineering Stony Brook University Stony BrookNY11794-2300 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9780791888414

This paper introduces a novel methodology based on Conditional β-Variational Autoencoder (cβ-VAE) architecture to generate diverse types of planar four-bar mechanisms for a given coupler curve. This approach allows for the synthesis of linkages capable of tracing continuous paths, overcoming the overdetermined problem often encountered in linkage coupler-curve synthesis. The proposed deep generative model processes mechanisms alongside their coupler curves and types, generating a latent vector that enables the decoder to produce a variety of mechanisms tailored to specific conditions. The paper also introduces a comprehensive methodology for assessing the efficacy of the model, proposing three hierarchical metrics focused on reconstruction quality, novelty, and diversity of the predicted mechanisms. The methodology is scalable and applicable to various types of four-bar and higher-order mechanisms, enhancing the model's utility by including an additional step for computing cognates of predicted mechanisms, thereby generating more efficient solutions. The key contributions of this work lie in the development of a Conditional β-VAE model with attention layers for synthesizing multiple mechanisms, the creation of a unified representation for different types of four-bar mechanisms, the generation of an extensive dataset, the development of a unified algorithm for computing cognates, and the introduction of quantitative assessment metrics. This approach not only surmounts the limitations of traditional methods but also opens new avenues for mechanism design, providing a data-driven tool for exploring alternative designs and evaluating their performance in real-time. Copyright © 2024 by ASME.

关键词： Machine design

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computational Model of Swarm Algorithm for Optimizing Process of Keywords Extraction from Text Information Presented as Graph 7

Computational Model of Swarm Algorithm for Optimizing Proces...

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7th International Conference on Information Technologies in engineering Education, Inforino 2024

作者： Kravchenko, Yury Kuliev, Elmar Kravchenko, Daniil Rodzin, Sergey Pavlov, Nikolay Rodzina, Lada Southern Federal University Dept. of Computer Aided Design Taganrog Russia Southern Federal University Department of Software Engineering Taganrog Russia

ISBN: (纸本)9798350371369

The article describes the scientific problem of optimizing the processes of acquiring knowledge when processing textual information presented in the form of a graph, based on the development of a modified bioinspired algorithm for extracting keywords. The solution proposed by the authors differs from the known ones by introducing new attractive operators and behavioral patterns of bacterial agents into the computational model of the bacterial swarm algorithm. This approach allows you to balance the ratio of the speed of convergence of the algorithm with the diversification of the search space for solutions. The article also presents an analytical study of the features of two types of parsing: constituency parsing and dependency parsing. As part of the study, algorithms for syntactic parsing of dependencies between elements of text information and a graph-based dependency parsing algorithm are described. The formulation of the problem of keyword extraction is given. The task of achieving a balance between accuracy and speed of a linguistic parser is an open topic that requires further research due to the importance of this problem for improving the efficiency of text analysis, especially in applications that require real-time accuracy. To increase the efficiency of solving the problem, the authors propose a modified bioinspired algorithm for extracting keywords. The computational experiment carried out allows us to conclude that the modified bacterial optimization method proposed by the authors is in a leading position, which confirms the need to continue research into the applicability of bioinspired methods for solving problems of acquiring knowledge when processing text information presented in the form of a graph. This article is focused on the direction of study in the master's program "Informatics and computer Science", as well as the scientific specialty of postgraduate training "Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning". © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Text processing

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SYNTHESIZING SPATIAL RSCR MECHANISMS FOR PATH GENERATION USING A DEEP NEURAL NETWORK

SYNTHESIZING SPATIAL RSCR MECHANISMS FOR PATH GENERATION USI...

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ASME 2024 International design engineering Technical Conferences and computers and Information in engineering Conference, IDETC-CIE 2024

作者： Deng, Xueting Nurizada, Anar Purwar, Anurag Computer-Aided Design and Innovation Lab Department of Mechanical Engineering Stony Brook University Stony BrookNY11794-2300 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9780791888414

In the recent past, various machine learning approaches have been broadly studied and successfully applied in the planar mechanism synthesis problem. This paves the way for its adoption in the spatial mechanism synthesis that is typically more complex to solve due to dimensionality of the input, large number of mechanism parameters, and highly non-linear relationship between the input and output. This paper introduces a neural network approach for the path synthesis of spatial RSCR mechanisms. We detail the method of database generation with the development of a simulator, data space selection strategies, and a complete data normalization method. A novel way of calculating the coupler curve is utilized, addressing the challenge of describing the absolute position of a point on the rigid body in R3. The database generation uses a spatial mesh grid-base method with specific criteria for preventing circuit defects and duplicate mechanisms. All data in the database is translated, rotated, and reflected to a normalized position. In the end, the classical neural network structure, multi-layer perceptron (MLP), is applied for finding the mapping from the spatial path to mechanism parameters. The MLP with different parameters and techniques, such as batch normalization and dropout, are implemented for finding the best model. The result shows the capability of MLP for complex spatial path synthesis. Moreover, despite the limitation of a single MLP's structure, this study demonstrates the potential of improvement with more advanced neural networks. Copyright © 2024 by ASME.

关键词： Deep neural networks

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GENERATIVE design OF PLANAR FOUR-BAR MOTIONS USING CONDITIONAL VARIATIONAL AUTOENCODER

GENERATIVE DESIGN OF PLANAR FOUR-BAR MOTIONS USING CONDITION...

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ASME 2024 International design engineering Technical Conferences and computers and Information in engineering Conference, IDETC-CIE 2024

作者： Halwah, Amro Nurizada, Anar Purwar, Anurag Computer-Aided Design and Innovation Lab Department of Mechanical Engineering Stony Brook University Stony BrookNY11794-2300 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9780791888360

This paper introduces a novel deep generative approach to the approximate motion synthesis of planar four-bar mechanisms. Existing motion synthesis approaches for synthesizing four-bar mechanisms have generally focused on representing the motion as five or less discrete poses while not providing any guarantees on the practicality of the solutions, such as ones without circuit-, branch-, and order-defects. This paper presents a Conditional Variational Autoencoder (C-VAE) based approach for synthesizing practical mechanisms that can capture the overall motion requirement while generating a continuous motion approximately. The mathematical machinery in our work uses quaternion and kinematic mapping to represent the geometric constraints of dyads of four-bar mechanism as algebraic constraint manifolds in a three-dimensional projective space. The parameters describing the manifolds encode information about the type and dimensions. These parameters are used as input to a C-VAE that uses an arbitrarily large number of input poses approximating a motion as the condition. A procedure is presented for normalizing input motions such that they are invariant with respect to rotation, scaling, translation and reflection. The trained model can generate several pairs of constraint manifolds from which four-bar mechanisms with different parameters can be retrieved. These mechanisms’ coupler poses approximate the input’s coupler poses to varying degrees of error. A method for filtering mechanisms by the quality of match of their output motion to the input motion is also proposed. Different metrics for quantifying the similarity of an output mechanism’s motion with the input motion are presented for path and orientation separately. Copyright © 2024 by ASME.

关键词： Variational techniques

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Development of Microcontroller-Based Pure Sine Wave Inverter with Overload and Overheating Protection 17

Development of Microcontroller-Based Pure Sine Wave Inverter...

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17th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Trends in Radioelectronics, Telecommunications and computer engineering, TCSET 2024

作者： Holovatyy, Andriy Lobur, Mykhaylo Holovata, Sofia Lukaszewicz, Andrzej Nowakowski, Marek Kolesnyk, Kostyantyn Lviv Polytechnic National University Department of Computer-Aided Design Systems Lviv Ukraine Ukrainian National Forestry University Department of Software Engineering Lviv Ukraine Bialystok University of Technology Department of Machinery Design and Operation Bialystok Poland Military Institute of Armoured and Automotive Technology Development Department Sulejowek Poland Lviv Polytechnic National University Department of Computera-Aided Design Systems Lviv Ukraine

ISBN: (纸本)9798331520564

In the paper, hardware and software of the Arduino based pure sine wave inverter with overload and overheating protection have been developed. The inverter constantly monitors the consumption current, the battery voltage, the temperature of the power switches (radiator) and, if their parameters are normal, forms a sinusoidal voltage of 230 V, 50 Hz at the output of the inverter, similar to the network voltage. The inverter provides the display of information on the LCD screen about current and power consumption, battery voltage, temperature of the inverter power switches, as well as display of emergency icons when the permissible operating parameters are exceeded. The inverter generates sound and visual warning messages with LED indicators and buzzer. The inverter can be used as a lightweight low-power 100 W network inverter with sine-wave voltage for autonomous power supply of low-power electronics. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Microcontrollers

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