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Synaptic transmission: an information-theoretic perspective 97

Synaptic transmission: an information-theoretic perspective

引用

Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on neural Information Processing systems

作者： Amit Manwani Christof Koch Computation and Neural Systems Program California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA

Here we analyze synaptic transmission from an information-theoretic perspective. We derive closed-form expressions for the lower-bounds on the capacity of a simple model of a cortical synapse under two explicit coding paradigms. Under the "signal estimation" paradigm, we assume the signal to be encoded in the mean firing rate of a Poisson neuron. The performance of an optimal linear estimator of the signal then provides a lower bound on the capacity for signal estimation. Under the "signal detection" paradigm, the presence or absence of the signal has to be detected. Performance of the optimal spike detector allows us to compute a lower bound on the capacity for signal detection. We find that single synapses (for empirically measured parameter values) transmit information poorly but significant improvement can be achieved with a small amount of redundancy.

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Monotonic networks 97

Monotonic networks

引用

Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on neural Information Processing systems

作者： Joseph Sill Computation and Neural Systems program California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA

Monotonicity is a constraint which arises in many application domains. We present a machine learning model, the monotonic network, for which monotonicity can be enforced exactly, i.e., by virtue of functional form. A straightforward method for implementing and training a monotonic network is described. Monotonic networks are proven to be universal approximators of continuous, differentiable monotonic functions. We apply monotonic networks to a real-world task in corporate bond rating prediction and compare them to other approaches.

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System implementations of analog VLSI velocity sensors

System implementations of analog VLSI velocity sensors

引用

International Conference on Microelectronics for neural Networks

作者： G. Indiveri J. Kramer C. Koch Computation and Neural Systems Program California California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA USA

We present three different architectures that make use of analog VLSI velocity sensors for detecting the focus of expansion, time to contact and motion discontinuities respectively. For each of the architectures proposed we describe the functionality of their component modules and their principles of operation. Data measurements obtained from the VLSI chips developed demonstrate their correct performance and their limits of operation.

关键词： Very large scale integration Sensor systems Optical sensors Image motion analysis Sensor arrays Motion detection Focusing Vehicles Computer architecture Image sensors

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A silicon model of the auditory neural perception of frequency modulated tones

A silicon model of the auditory neural perception of frequen...

引用

IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and systems (ISCAS)

作者： B.J. Arthur Computation and Neural Systems Program California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA USA

Frequency modulations in acoustic communication signals are thought to encode meaning in many animal species. Recent physiological experiments have elucidated possible neural mechanisms underlying their perception. The system described here attempts to model such mechanisms using subthreshold analog circuitry. It is built with a silicon cochlea and a unidirectional velocity-tuned delay line. Taps from the cochlea couple into the delay line. If the input frequency is modulated in the appropriate direction and right speed, the inputs to the delay line will coincide in time and summate. A similar design was recently used to detect motion in a vision chip.

关键词： Silicon Frequency modulation Delay lines Speech recognition Flexible manufacturing systems Circuits Motion detection Humans Filters Modulation coding

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Feature detection in analog VLSI 33

Feature detection in analog VLSI

引用

33rd Asilomar Conference on Signals, systems, and Computers, ACSSC 1999

作者： Pesavento, A. Koch, C. Dept. of Electr. Eng. California Inst. of Technol. PasadenaCA91125 United States Computation and Neural Systems Program California Institute of Technology PasadenaCA91125 United States

ISBN: (纸本)0780357000

Feature detection and tracking is a fundamental problem in computer vision research. By detecting and tracking features in an image sequence it is possible to recover information on both the motion of the viewer and the structure of the environment. We designed and tested a CMOS imager with analog VLSI focal plane computation for feature detection. The chip implements a feature detection algorithm that is suitable for integration in a compact analog VLSI chip. We review the algorithm, its analog VLSI implementation and results from the chip. © 1999 IEEE.

关键词： Feature extraction

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Circular inhibition: a new concept in long-range interactions in the mammalian visual cortex

Circular inhibition: a new concept in long-range interaction...

引用

International Joint Conference on neural Networks (IJCNN)

作者： E. Niebur F. Worgotter Computation and Neural Systems Program California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA USA

Horizontal long-range interactions are strongly involved in the generation of the receptive fields of visual cortical cells. Structurally imposed limitations of long-range interactions are demonstrated. In particular, it is shown that the cross-orientation inhibition scheme leads to inhomogeneous input for different cell populations which is experimentally not observed. This is not the case for circular inhibition, a new connection scheme proposed for long-range interaction. This is shown by computer simulation of the early visual system of the cat and by a simpler but analytically solvable model. The results are confirmed by applying the methods to the experimentally determined structure of the orientational hypercolumns in area 18 of the cat

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Floating gate current mirror for gain correction in CMOS translinear circuits

Floating gate current mirror for gain correction in CMOS tra...

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IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and systems (ISCAS)

作者： R.R. Harrison Computation and Neural Systems Program California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA USA

The exponential behaviour of MOSFETs in subthreshold operation has recently been exploited to build CMOS translinear circuits such as multipliers and log-domain filters. A major obstacle in developing a practical CMOS implementation is the variation in threshold voltage between devices. In translinear circuits, these voltage offsets manifest themselves as gain errors in the current-mode outputs. We have designed a floating-gate CMOS current mirror that can adapt its gain to compensate for these errors. The adaptation process uses only hot-electron injection, so the high voltages typically associated with tunneling are not needed. A small array of these circuits were fabricated in a standard 1.2 /spl mu/m double-poly CMOS process. We demonstrate gain adaptation and discuss the nonlinearity introduced by the adaptive mirror.

关键词： Mirrors Threshold voltage MOSFETs CMOS process CMOS technology Filters Secondary generated hot electron injection Current mode circuits Parasitic capacitance Tunneling

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Analog VLSI circuits for visual motion-based adaptation of post-saccadic drift

Analog VLSI circuits for visual motion-based adaptation of p...

引用

International Conference on Microelectronics for neural Networks

作者： T.K. Horiuchi C. Koch Computation and Neural Systems Program California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA USA

Using the analog VLSI-based saccadic eye movement system previously developed we investigate the use of biologically realistic error signals to calibrate the system in a manner similar to the primate oculomotor system. In this paper we introduce two new circuit components which are used to perform this task, a resettable-integrator model of the burst generator with a floating-gate structure to provide on-chip storage of analog parameters and a directionally-selective motion detector for detecting post-saccadic drift.

关键词： Very large scale integration Circuits Motion detection Muscles Detectors Eyes Humans Sockets Retina Biology computing

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Theoretical mechanics of biological neural networks

引用

neural Networks 1994年第5期7卷 853-856页

作者： William R. Softky Computation & Neural Systems Program 139-74 California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA 91125 USA

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A computational investigation of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis: The case of spatial relations 38

A computational investigation of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis:...

引用

38th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society: Recognizing and Representing Events, CogSci 2016

作者： Tseng, Christine Carstensen, Alexandra Regier, Terry Xu, Yang Computation and Neural Systems California Institute of Technology PasadenaCA91125 United States Department of Psychology University of California BerkeleyCA94720 United States Department of Linguistics Cognitive Science Program University of California BerkeleyCA94720 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9780991196739

Investigations of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis often ask whether there is a difference in the non-linguistic behavior of speakers of two languages, generally without modeling the underlying process. Such an approach leaves underexplored the relative contributions of language and universal aspects of cognition, and how those contributions differ across languages. We explore the naming and non-linguistic pile-sorting of spatial scenes across speakers of five languages via a computational model grounded in an influential proposal: that language will affect cognition when non-linguistic information is uncertain. We report two findings. First, native language plays a small but significant role in predicting spatial similarity judgments across languages, consistent with earlier findings. Second, the size of the native-language role varies systematically, such that finer-grained semantic systems appear to shape similarity judgments more than coarser-grained systems do. These findings capture the tradeoff between language-specific and universal forces in cognition, and how that tradeoff varies across languages. © 2016 Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, CogSci 2016. All rights reserved.

关键词： Semantics

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