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Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on neural Information Processing systems

作者： Joseph Sill Yaser S. Abu-Mostafa Computation and Neural Systems program California Institute of Technology EE and CS Deptartments California Institute of Technology

A hint is any piece of side information about the target function to be learned. We consider the monotonicity hint, which states that the function to be learned is monotonic in some or all of the input variables. The application of monotonicity hints is demonstrated on two real-world problems- a credit card application task, and a problem in medical diagnosis. A measure of the monotonicity error of a candidate function is defined and an objective function for the enforcement of monotonicity is derived from Bayesian principles. We report experimental results which show that using monotonicity hints leads to a statistically significant improvement in performance on both problems.

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Stimulating brain but not mind

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Nature 1996年第6598期383卷 301-303页

作者： C. Koch R. B. H. Tootell Computation and Neural Systems Program California Institute of Technology Pasadena USA Massachusetts General Hospital NMR Center Charlestown USA

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Amplifying and linearizing apical synaptic inputs to cortical pyramidal cells 93

Amplifying and linearizing apical synaptic inputs to cortica...

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Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on neural Information Processing systems

作者： Öjvind Bernander Christof Koch Rodney J. Douglas Computation and Neural Systems Program California Institute of Technology Pasadena Ca Dept. Pharmacology Oxford UK

Intradendritic electrophysiological recordings reveal a bewildering repertoire of complex electrical spikes and plateaus that are difficult to reconcile with conventional notions of neuronal function. In this paper we argue that such dendritic events are just an exuberant expression of a more important mechanism - a proportional current amplifier whose primary task is to offset electrotonic losses. Using the example of functionally important synaptic inputs to the superficial layers of an anatomically and electrophysiologically reconstructed layer 5 pyramidal neuron, we derive and simulate the properties of conductances that linearize and amplify distal synaptic input current in a graded manner. The amplification depends on a potassium conductance in the apical tuft and calcium conductances in the apical trunk.

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Network activity determines spatio-temporal integration in single cells 91

Network activity determines spatio-temporal integration in s...

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Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on neural Information Processing systems

作者： Öjvind Bernander Christof Koch Rodney J. Douglas Computation and Neural Systems Program California Institute of Technology Pasadena Ca Dept. Pharmacology Oxford UK

ISBN: (纸本)9781558602229

Single nerve cells with static properties have traditionally been viewed as the building blocks for networks that show emergent phenomena. In contrast to this approach, we study here how the overall network activity can control single cell parameters such as input resistance, as well as time and space constants, parameters that are crucial for excitability and spatio-temporal integration. Using detailed computer simulations of neocortical pyramidal cells, we show that the spontaneous background firing of the network provides a means for setting these parameters. The mechanism for this control is through the large conductance change of the membrane that is induced by both non-NMDA and NMDA excitatory and inhibitory synapses activated by the spontaneous background activity.

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Is the cerebellum a motor control device?

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Behavioral and Brain Sciences 2011年第4期15卷 714-715页

作者： James M. Bower Computation and Neural Systems Program California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA 91125 Electronic mail: jbower@smaug.cns.caltech.edu

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A computational investigation of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis: The case of spatial relations 38

A computational investigation of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis:...

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38th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society: Recognizing and Representing Events, CogSci 2016

作者： Tseng, Christine Carstensen, Alexandra Regier, Terry Xu, Yang Computation and Neural Systems California Institute of Technology PasadenaCA91125 United States Department of Psychology University of California BerkeleyCA94720 United States Department of Linguistics Cognitive Science Program University of California BerkeleyCA94720 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9780991196739

Investigations of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis often ask whether there is a difference in the non-linguistic behavior of speakers of two languages, generally without modeling the underlying process. Such an approach leaves underexplored the relative contributions of language and universal aspects of cognition, and how those contributions differ across languages. We explore the naming and non-linguistic pile-sorting of spatial scenes across speakers of five languages via a computational model grounded in an influential proposal: that language will affect cognition when non-linguistic information is uncertain. We report two findings. First, native language plays a small but significant role in predicting spatial similarity judgments across languages, consistent with earlier findings. Second, the size of the native-language role varies systematically, such that finer-grained semantic systems appear to shape similarity judgments more than coarser-grained systems do. These findings capture the tradeoff between language-specific and universal forces in cognition, and how that tradeoff varies across languages. © 2016 Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, CogSci 2016. All rights reserved.

关键词： Semantics

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computation and the single neuron

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NATURE 1997年第6613期385卷 207-210页

作者： Koch, C Computation and Neural Systems Program California Institute of Technology Pasadena California 91125 USA (e-mail: koch @klab. caltech. edu).

Neurons and their networks underlie our perceptions, actions and memories. The latest work on information processing and storage at the single-cell level reveals previously unimagined complexity and dynamism.

关键词： Adaptation, Physiological Animals Dendrites/physiology Nerve Net/physiology Neuronal Plasticity Neurons/physiology Synapses/physiology Time Factors

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Computing motion using analog VLSI vision chips: an experimental comparison among four approaches

Computing motion using analog VLSI vision chips: an experime...

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Workshop on Visual Motion

作者： C. Koch A. Moore W. Bair T. Horiuchi B. Bishofberger J. Lazzaro Computation and Neural Systems Program California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA USA University of Colorado Boulder Boulder CO USA

The authors have designed, built and tested a number of analog CMOS VLSI circuits for computing 1D motion from the time-varying intensity values provided by an array of on-chip phototransistors. The authors present experimental data for three such circuits and discuss their relative performance. One circuit approximates the correlation model, one the gradient model, while a third chip uses resistive grids to compute zerocrossings to be tracked over time by a separate digital processor. All circuits integrate image acquisition with image processing functions and compute velocity in real time. Finally, for comparison, the authors also describe the performance of a simple motion algorithm using off-the-shelf components.< >

关键词： Analog computers Computer vision Very large scale integration Image motion analysis Optical filters Optical computing Military computing Circuit testing CMOS analog integrated circuits System-on-a-chip

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A CMOS imager with focal-plane computation for feature detection

A CMOS imager with focal-plane computation for feature detec...

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2001 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and systems, ISCAS 2001

作者： Pesavento, Alberto Koch, Christof Dept. of Electr. Eng. California Inst. of Technol. MS 136-93 Pasadena CA 91125 United States Computation and Neural Systems Program California Institute of Technology MS 139-74 Pasadena CA 91125 United States

ISBN: (纸本)0780366859

Feature detection and tracking is a fundamental problem in computer vision research. By detecting and tracking features in an image sequence it is possible to recover information about both the motion of the viewer and the structure of the environment. We designed, fabricated and tested a CMOS imager with analog VLSI focal-plane computation for feature detection. The chip implements a feature detection algorithm that is suitable for integration in a compact analog VLSI chip. We review the algorithm, its analog VLSI implementation and experimental results from the chip. © 2001 IEEE.

关键词： CMOS integrated circuits

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Normalization for sparse encoding of odors by a wide-field interneuron (vol 332, pg 721, 2011)

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SCIENCE 2011年第6035期332卷 1263-1263页

作者： Papadopoulou, M. Division of Biology Computation and Neural Systems Program California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA 91125 USA. Broad Fellows Program in Brain Circuitry California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA 91125 USA. Centre for Computational Neuroscience and Robotics (CCNR) School of Informatics University of Sussex Falmer Brighton BN1 9QJ UK. Max Planck Institute for Brain Research 60528 Frankfurt Germany.

Sparse coding presents practical advantages for sensory representations and memory storage. In the insect olfactory system, the representation of general odors is dense in the antennal lobes but sparse in the mushroom bodies, only one synapse downstream. In locusts, this transformation relies on the oscillatory structure of antennal lobe output, feed-forward inhibitory circuits, intrinsic properties of mushroom body neurons, and connectivity between antennal lobe and mushroom bodies. Here we show the existence of a normalizing negative-feedback loop within the mushroom body to maintain sparse output over a wide range of input conditions. This loop consists of an identifiable “giant” nonspiking inhibitory interneuron with ubiquitous connectivity and graded release properties.

关键词： Action Potentials Animals Arthropod Antennae/cytology Arthropod Antennae/physiology Axons/physiology Dendrites/physiology Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials Feedback, Sensory Feedback, Sensory Female gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/physiology gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/physiology Grasshoppers/cytology Grasshoppers/physiology Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potentials Interneurons/physiology Male Mushroom Bodies/cytology Mushroom Bodies/physiology neural Inhibition Odors Olfactory Pathways/physiology

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