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Control structure design and controllability analysis for solid oxide fuel cell

Chemical engineering Transactions 2014年第SPECIAL ISSUE期39卷 1291-1296页

作者： Chatrattanawet, Narissara Skogestad, Sigurd Arpornwichanop, Amornchai Computational Process Engineering Research Unit Department of Chemical Engineering Chulalongkorn University Bangkok10330 Thailand Department of Chemical Engineering Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim7491 Norway

ISBN: (纸本)9788895608303

A solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is a highly efficient power generation device. Due to its high-Temperature operation, the SOFC can directly run on hydrocarbon fuels which are internally reformed to generate hydrogen within a fuel cell stack. However, the internal reforming causes a temperature gradient in the SOFC stack, especially at the cell inlet. In addition, the coupling of the reforming and electrochemical reactions results in a complicated dynamic response that requires an efficient control system. In this study, the concept of a controllability analysis is applied to the control system design of the SOFC. Controllability plays an important role in designing a control system as it demonstrates the ability to move system outputs to specified bounds using available inputs. Nonlinear dynamic model of the SOFC is used to analyze its steady-state and dynamic behaviour. The obtained results are employed to investigate the controllability properties of the SOFC. To achieve the efficient control system, the control structure of the SOFC is considered. Copyright © 2014, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l.

关键词： Energy conservation

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Study on a proton exchange membrane fuel cell system fuelled by a mixture of bio-ethanol and methane

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Chemical engineering Transactions 2014年第SPECIAL ISSUE期39卷 1033-1038页

作者： Arpornwichanop, Amornchai Suwanmanee, Unchalee Saebea, Dang Patcharaworachot, Yaneeporn Authayanun, Suthida Computational Process Engineering Research Unit Department of Chemical Engineering Chulalongkorn University Bangkok10330 Thailand Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Srinakharinwirot University Nakhon Nayok26120 Thailand Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Burapha University Chonburi20131 Thailand School of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang Bangkok10520 Thailand

ISBN: (纸本)9788895608303

Bio-ethanol is considered a good candidate for hydrogen production because of its renewability, low toxicity and high hydrogen content. In this work, the reforming process of a mixture of bio-ethanol and methane integrated with a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is theoretically investigated. The simulation studies are performed using Aspen Plus simulator. The effect of operating parameters, such as temperature and feed ratio, on the concentrations of hydrogen and CO in the reformate gas is studied. The hydrogen fraction increases with increasing reformer temperatures until reaching its optimal point. An increase in the bio-ethanol to methane ratio ratio has a positive effect on the hydrogen production when the reformer is operated at the ratios lower than 1.25. The optimal conditions for reformer operation are the temperature of 900 C and the bio-ethanol to methane ratio of 1. In addition, the reformer and PEMFC integrated system is studied and the result shows that the system efficiency of 35.2 % can be achieved.. Copyright © 2014, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l.

关键词： Methane

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Effect of Water Transport on the Electrical Performance of PEM Fuel Cell

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Energy Procedia 2014年 61卷 1553-1556页

作者： Suthida Authayanun Worasorn Pothong Kittima Ngamsai Artitaya Patniboon Amornchai Arpornwichanop Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Srinakharinwirot University Nakhon Nayok 26120 Thailand Computational Process Engineering Research Unit Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Chulalongkorn University Bangkok 10330 Thailand

This study investigates the electrical performance of a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) by using the two-phase model taking into account the formation of liquid water. Mass transfer resistances from a water flooding problem are also considered to analyze the fuel cell performance. The effect of important operating conditions, such as temperature and humidity of fuel and air on PEMFC in terms of the distribution of gas composition and the electrical characteristics of fuel cell is investigated. The results show that the performance of PEMFC can be improved when increasing operating temperatures and fuel and air humidity. Water flooding at the cathode side increases with increased current density. The presence of the water flooding causes high concentration loss, degrading the PEMFC performance.

关键词： Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell Two-phase model Electrochemical model Water flooding Parametric analysis

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Thermodynamic Analysis of Hydrogen Production from the Adsorption-enhanced Steam Reforming of Biogas

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Energy Procedia 2014年 61卷 2254-2257页

作者： Dang Saebea Suthida Authayanun Yaneeporn Patcharavorachot Amornchai Arpornwichanop Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Burapha University Chonburi 20131 Thailand Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Srinakharinwirot University Nakorn Nayok 26120 Thailand School of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang Bangkok 10520 Thailand Computational Process Engineering Research Unit Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Chulalongkorn University Bangkok 10330 Thailand

Biogas is considered a potential, renewable fuel to be used as a hydrogen source. At present, a steam reforming is widely used process in hydrogen production, but it needs to be operated at high temperature to achieve high hydrogen yield. Because biogas consists of mostly CO 2 , the hydrogen purification of a reformate gas obtained is another important issue, especially for fuel cell applications. In this study, an enhanced-adsorption steam reforming process in which steam reforming reaction and CO 2 adsorption are occurred in a single unit is investigated. A thermodynamic analysis is performed to study effects of important operating parameters on hydrogen yield and product distribution. It is found that a biogas processor should be operated at high temperatures and inlet steam-to-methane ratio. The content of CO in the reformate gas increases with increased operating temperature. The steam reforming of biogas coupled with a CO 2 adsorption gives a higher hydrogen product with considerable low CO content, compared to the conventional steam reforming of biogas.

关键词： Hydrogen production Biogas Adsorption-enhanced steam reforming Thermodynamics analysis PEMFC

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Integra: From global scale contamination to tissue dose 7

Integra: From global scale contamination to tissue dose

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7th International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software, iEMSs 2014

作者： Sarigiannis, Denis Karakitsios, Spyros Gotti, Alberto Loizou, George Cherrie, John Smolders, Roel De Brouwere, Katleen Galea, Karen Jones, Kate Handakas, Evangelos Papadaki, Krystalia Sleeuwenhoek, Anne Department of Chemical Engineering Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki54124 Greece Chemical Process and Energy Resources Institute Centre for Research and Technology Hellas Thessaloniki57001 Greece Health and Safety Laboratory Computational Toxicology Team Buxton-DerbyshireSK17 9JN United Kingdom Insitute of Occupational Medicine Riccarton EdinburghEH14 4AP United Kingdom VITO Environmental Health Unit Mol2400 Belgium

The objective of the INTEGRA project is to bring together all information necessary for assessing the source-to-dose continuum over the entire life cycle of substances covering an extensive chemical space through the use of QSARs. The major outcome of INTEGRA is a comprehensive computational platform that integrates multimedia environmental and micro-environmental fate, exposure and internal dose within a dynamic framework in time. The platform allows multimedia interactions across different spatial scales, taking into account environmental releases and related processes at global, regional and local scale, up to the level of personal microenvironment. Coupling seamlessly exposure models with refined computational tools for internal dosimetry transforms risk assessment of environmental chemicals since it allows risk characterization to be based on internal dosimetry metrics. In this way high throughput system data such as the ones generated by Tox21 in vitro testing can be used. This opens the way towards a higher level of assessment that incorporates refined exposure (tissue dosimetry) and toxicity testing (Biological Pathway Altering Dose - BPAD) associated to environmental contamination at different scales. The applicability of INTEGRA was tested on bisphenol-A. Tier 1 assessment (environmental releases based on production volumes, worst case exposure estimates and a Tolerable Daily Intake of 50μg/kg-bw/d) indicated that specific exposure scenarios (i.e. bottle fed neonates and premature infants hosted in intensive care units) are close to the legislative thresholds. The refined assessment incorporating probabilistic analysis, actual environmental release data, detailed consumer exposure modelling and the use of BPAD as risk characterization metric, resulted in increased margins of safety compared to conventional risk assessment.

关键词： Tissue

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18th European Symposium on Radiopharmacy and Radiopharmaceuticals Salzburg, Austria. 7-10 April 2016

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EJNMMI RADIOPHARMACY AND CHEMISTRY 2016年第1期1卷 1-37页

作者： [Anonymous] Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos USA Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge USA Department of Nuclear Medicine Medical University Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen The Netherlands Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry Palacky University Olomouc Czech Republic Département de Médecine Nucléaire et Radiobiologie Faculté de Médecine et Sciences de la Santé Université de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke Canada Centre d’Imagerie Moléculaire de Sherbrooke (CIMS) CR-CHUS Sherbrooke Canada Division of Molecular Biology/Biocenter Medical University Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria Department of Nuclear Medicine Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen The Netherlands IENI-CNR Padua Italy DiSCOG-University of Padua Padua Italy IOV Padua Padua Italy IC-CNR Bari Italy IBB-CNR Naples Italy Laboratory of Radiopharmacy KU Leuven Leuven Belgium Micro Flow Chemistry & Process Technology Chemical Engineering and Chemistry Department TU Eindhoven Eindhoven The Netherlands Laboratory for Radiopharmacy University of Leuven Leuven Belgium Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging University of Leuven Leuven Belgium Department of Medicine and Surgery Tecnomed Foundation University of Milano-Bicocca Milan Italy Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale Università degli Studi di Milano Milan Italy Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine VU University Medical Center Amsterdam The Netherlands Department of Clinical Pharmacology & Pharmacy VU University Medical Center Amsterdam The Netherlands Université de Lorraine Vandoeuvre les Nancy France NancycloTEP Plateforme d’imagerie expérimentale Vandoeuvre les Nancy France CNRS UMR 7565 SRSMC Vandoeuvre les Nancy France CHU de Nancy-Brabois Vandoeuvre les Nancy France Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy Division of Nuclear Medicine Medical Univers

Table of contents OP03 Selective extraction of medically-related radionuclides from proton-irradiated thorium targets V. Radchenko, J.W. Engle, C. Roy, J. Griswold, M.F. Nortier, E.R. Birnbaum, M. Brugh, S. Mirzadeh, K. D. John, M.E. Fassbender OP04 Comparison of [68Ga]FSC(succ-RGD)3 and [68Ga]NODAGA-RGD for PET imaging of alpha v beta 3 integrin expression Chuangyan Zhai, Gerben M. Franssen, Milos Petrik, Peter Laverman, Clemens Decristoforo OP05 A new NPY-Y1R targeting peptide for breast cancer PET imaging Ait-Mohand Samia, Dumulon-Perreault Veronique, Guerin Brigitte OP06 The influence of multivalency on CCK 2 receptor targeting D. Summer, A. Kroess, C. Rangger, H. Haas, P. Laverman, F. Gerben, E. von Guggenberg, *** OP07 SPECT Imaging of alpha v beta 3 Expression by [99mTc(N)PNP43]- Bifunctional Chimeric RGD Peptide not Cross-Reacting with alpha v beta 5 Cristina Bolzati, Nicola Salvarese, Fiorenzo Refosco, Laura Melendez-Alafort, Debora Carpanese, Antonio Rosato, Michele Saviano, Annarita Del Gatto, Daniela Comegna, Laura Zaccaro OP09 New dienophiles for the inverse-electron-demand Diels-Alder reaction and for pretargeted PET imaging Emilie Billaud, Muneer Ahamed, Frederik Cleeren, Elnaz Shahbazali, Tim Noel, Volker Hessel, Alfons Verbruggen and Guy Bormans OP10 New complexing agent for Al18F-labelling of heat-sensitive biomolecules: Synthesis and preclinical evaluation of Al18F-RESCA1-HAS Cleeren F, Lecina J, Koole M, Verbruggen A and Bormans G OP11 A novel versatile precursor efficient for F-18 radiolabelling via click-chemistry B. Lugatoa, S. Stucchia, E.A. Turollaa, L. Giulianoa, ***, P. Ferraboschib OP12 A general applicable method to quantify unidentified UV impurities in radiopharmaceuticals R.P. Klok, M.P.J. Mooijer, N.H. Hendrikse, A.D. Windhorst OP13 Development of [F-18]Fluoro-C-glycosides to radiolabel peptides Collet C., Petry N., Chretien F., Karcher G., Pellegrini-Moise N., Lamande-Langle S. OP14 A Microfluidic Approach for the 68

关键词： Positron Emission Tomography Single Photon Emission Compute Tomography Standard Uptake Value Positron Emission Tomography Imaging High Pressure Liquid Chromatography

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Advanced modeling of riser-type catalytic cracking reactors

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APPLIED THERMAL engineering 1997年第8-10期17卷 837-844页

作者： Dewachtere, NV Froment, GF Vasalos, I Markatos, N Skandalis, N Laboratorium voor Petrochemische Techniek Universiteit Gent Krijgslaan 281 B-9000 Ghent Belgium Chemical Process Engineering Research Institute P.O. Box 361 GR-57001 Thermi Thessaloniki Greece Computational Fluid Dynamics Unit Department of Chemical Engineering National Technical University of Athens Iroon Polytechioy 9 GR-15773 Athens Greece Hellenic Aspropyrgos Refinery Amalias avenue 54 GR-10558 Athens Greece

Various aspects of the advanced modeling of riser-type catalytic cracking reactors are discussed in this paper. A new kinetic modeling approach for the catalytic cracking process is introduced, based on carbenium ion chemistry. Single-event kinetic modeling leads to kinetic parameters which are truly invariant of the gas oil feedstock composition. Since the new kinetic modeling approach requires a detailed analysis of the gas oil feedstock, the characterization of heavy petroleum fractions by means of liquid chromatography and GC-MS analysis is briefly discussed. A three-dimensional (3-D) mathematical model for the simulation of a riser reactor is introduced, using computational fluid dynamics techniques. The model includes a detailed hydrodynamic model. Special attention is devoted to the modeling of the inlet zone of the riser, where the gas oil feedstock is vaporized. The 3-D riser model is validated against experimental data from an industrial riser reactor. (C) European Communities 1997. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.

关键词： FCC energy efficiency single-event kinetic modeling computational fluid dynamics riser simulation

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