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Modeling effects of abiotic factors on the abundances of eight woody species in the Harana forest using artificial networks,random forest,and generalized linear models

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Ecological Processes 2023年第1期12卷 151-164页

作者： Girma Ayele Bedane Gudina Legese Feyisa Feyera Senbeta Wakjira Center for Environmental Science College of Computational and Natural ScienceAddis Ababa UniversityP.O.Box 1176Addis AbabaEthiopia Centre for Environment and Development College of Development StudiesAddis Ababa UniversityAddis AbabaEthiopia

Background Abiotic factors exert different impacts on the abundance of individual tree species in the forest but little has been known about the impact of abiotic factors on the individual plant,particularly,in a tropical *** study identified the impact of abiotic factors on the abundances of Podocarpus falcatus,Croton macrostachyus,Celtis africana,Syzygium guineense,Olea capensis,Diospyros abyssinica,Feliucium decipenses,and Coffea arabica.A systematic sample design was used in the Harana forest,where 1122 plots were established to collect the abundance of *** forest(RF),artificial neural network(ANN),and generalized linear model(GLM)models were used to examine the impacts of topographic,climatic,and edaphic factors on the log abundances of woody *** RF model was used to predict the spatial distribution maps of the log abundances of each *** The RF model achieved a better prediction accuracy with R^(2)=71%and a mean squared error(MSE)of 0.28 for Feliucium *** RF model differentiated elevation,temperature,precipitation,clay,and potassium were the top variables that influenced the abundance of *** ANN model showed that elevation induced a nega-tive impact on the log abundances of all woody *** GLM model reaffirmed the negative impact of elevation on all woody species except the log abundances of Syzygium guineense and Olea *** ANN model indicated that soil organic matter(SOM)could positively affect the log abundances of all woody *** GLM showed a similar positive impact of SOM,except for a negative impact on the log abundance of Celtis africana at p<*** spatial distributions of the log abundances of Coffee arabica,Filicium decipenses,and Celtis africana were confined to the eastern parts,while the log abundance of Olea capensis was limited to the western *** The impacts of abiotic factors on the abundance of woody species may vary with *** ecological underst

关键词： Species distribution model Random forest Artificial neural network Generalized linear model Species abundance Woody species Environmental variable

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Assessment of soil erosion risks in response to land-use and land-cover changes in Coka watershed, Southern Ethiopia

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Geology, Ecology, and Landscapes 2024年第2期8卷 140-153页

作者： Buraka, Tadele Elias, Eyasu Suryabhagavan, Karuturi Venkata Lelago, Alemu Center for Environmental Science College of Natural and Computational Sciences Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa Ethiopia School of Earth Sciences Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa Ethiopia Natural and Computational Sciences Wolita Sodo University Addis Ababa Ethiopia

Soil erosion is a serious problem arising from agricultural intensification and other anthropogenic activities which can cause deterioration of soil fertility and productivity. This study aims to estimate total amounts of soil loss using the RUSLE and NDVI models and identify major areas of concern for management interventions through site specific in the Coka watershed, Southern Ethiopia. The RUSLE model required the integration of thematic factors such as rainfall, length and steepness of the slope, land-use and land-cover, soil erodibility, and control practices. These factors were calculated using remote sensing data and GIS. The results indicated that total area coverage from study of watershed under the degree of severity of erosion and priority was <5(very low), 5 − 10 (low), 10 − 18 (moderate), 18 − 50 (high), 50 − 100 (very high) and >100 t ha^–1yr^–1 (severe). Soil loss rates ranged between 2.33 in bare land and 237.16 t ha^–1yr^–1 in forest. Based on the findings, erosion risk having estimated soil loss (≥ 18 t ha^–1yr^–1) which is above tolerable range for the country containing 73% (2723 ha) from the total area coverage of watershed. Thus, appropriate soil and water conservation practices should be adopted to restore degraded lands and environment by giving attention for erosion hotspot areas. © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group on behalf of the International Water, Air & Soil Conservation Society(INWASCON).

关键词： Environment erosion risk land-use and land-cover RUSLE soil productivity

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Automatic Identification of Teff (Eragrostis Tef) Flour Adulteration Using Machine Learning 10

Automatic Identification of Teff (Eragrostis Tef) Flour Adul...

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10th International Conference on Systems and Informatics, ICSAI 2024

作者： Bochera, Zekiyos Abayneh Gizaw, Solomon Clement, Onime Addis Ababa University Dept. of Computational Data Science Addis Ababa Ethiopia Addis Ababa University Dept. of Computer Science Addis Ababa Ethiopia Trieste Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9798331510138

Food adulteration, the act of mixing foodstuffs with lower-quality foodstuffs or other food and non-food items, has become a global issue, particularly in developing countries like Ethiopia. This is a significant problem as it can lead to nutritional deficiencies and in some cases, illnesses, diseases or even death. The identification of adulterated food typically requires physio-chemical laboratory tests that vary depending on the type and level of adulterant. Teff flour, a daily staple food in Ethiopia, is often adulterated with wood flour and gypsum powder. In this research work, we utilized computer vision techniques to extract textural and color features from images of both adulterated and pure Teff flour. We then trained a Support Vector Machine (SVM) based machine learning model to identify adulterated Teff flour and predict the level of adulteration. The presented results show varying levels of prediction accuracy depending on the type of Teff flour, the level of adulteration. The developed model was also found to provide good results with images sizes ranging from 128 × 128 to 2048 × 2048 pixels. The results show overall model accuracy was above 90% when the adulteration level of red Teff flour is more than 25% and above 84% when the adulteration level of white wood flour was above 25%. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Food chemistry

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Spatial distribution of above ground carbondensity in Harana Forest,Ethiopia

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Ecological Processes 2022年第1期11卷 14-26页

作者： Girma Ayele Bedane Gudina Legese Feyisa Feyera Senbeta Center for Environmental Science College of Computational and Natural ScienceAddis Ababa UniversityP.O.Box No.1176Addis AbabaEthiopia Centre for Environment and Development College of Development StudiesAddis Ababa UniversityAddis AbabaEthiopia

Background:The need for understanding spatial distribution of forest aboveground carbon density(ACD)hasincreased to improve management practices of forest *** study examined spatial distribution of theACD in the Harana Forest.A grid sampling technique was employed and three nested circular plots were establishedat each point where grids ***-related data were collected from 1122 plots while the ACD of each plotwas estimated using the established allometric *** variables in raster format were downloadedfrom open sources and resampled into a spatial resolution of 30 *** statistics were computed to summarize the ACD.A Random Forest classification model in the R-software package was used to select strong predictors,and to predict the spatial distribution of ***:The mean ACD was estimated at 131.505 ton per ha in this study *** spatial prediction showed thatthe high class of the ACD was confined to eastern and southwest parts of the Harana *** Moran’s statisticsdepicted similar observations showing the higher clustering of ACD in the eastern and southern parts of the *** higher ACD clustering was linked with the higher species richness,species diversity,tree density,tree height,clay content,and ***,the lower ACD clustering in the Harana Forest was associated with higher soilcation exchange capacity,silt content,and ***:The spatial distribution of ACD in this study area was mainly influenced by attributes of the forest standand edaphic factors in comparison to topographic and climatic *** findings could provide basis for bettermanagement and conservation of aboveground carbon storage in the Harana Forest,which may contribute to Ethiopia’s strategy of reducing carbon emission.

关键词： Aboveground carbon density Spatial modeling Prediction Random Forest Cluster Pattern

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Transforming agriculture with Machine Learning, Deep Learning, and IoT: perspectives from Ethiopia—challenges and opportunities

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Discover Agriculture 2024年第1期2卷 1-34页

作者： Benti, Natei Ermias Chaka, Mesfin Diro Semie, addisu Gezahegn Warkineh, Bikila Soromessa, Teshome Computational Data Science Program College of Natural and Computational Sciences Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa Ethiopia Department of Plant Biology and Biodiversity Management College of Natural and Computational Sciences Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa Ethiopia Center for Environmental Science College of Natural and Computational Sciences Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa Ethiopia

Agriculture holds a crucial position in maintaining livelihoods and securing food sources, particularly in nations such as Ethiopia, where a substantial portion of the population depends on agricultural pursuits. However, meeting the growing demand for food production amidst population growth presents considerable challenges. Recent advancements in technology, particularly in the areas of Machine Learning (ML), Deep Learning (DL), and the Internet of Things (IoT) offer promising solutions to address these challenges. This paper explores the potential of integrating ML, DL, and IoT technologies in agriculture to revolutionize the sector. By harnessing data-driven insights, farmers can make informed decisions regarding crop management, soil health, and weather patterns, leading to optimized resource allocation and increased productivity. Moreover, IoT devices enable the real-time monitoring and control of agricultural operations, enhancing sustainability and productivity. Despite the opportunities presented by these technologies, there are also challenges to overcome, such as data quality, connectivity issues, and the need for farmer education. However, with concerted efforts and investment, Ethiopia and other agricultural regions can unlock the full potential of ML, DL, and IoT technologies to ensure food security, alleviate poverty, and drive economic development. This review paper offers perspectives on the present status, challenges, and future possibilities regarding the integration of ML, DL, and IoT in agriculture. It underscores the transformative potential of these technologies within the sector.

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In silico Molecular Docking Approach to Identify Potential Antihypertensive Compounds from Ajuga integrifolia Buch.-Ham. Ex D. Don (Armagusa)

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Advances and Applications in Bioinformatics and Chemistry 2024年 17卷 47-59页

作者： Tessema, Fekade Beshah Gonfa, Yilma Hunde Asfaw, Tilahun Belayneh Tadesse, Mesfin Getachew Bachheti, Rakesh Kumar Department of Chemistry College of Natural and Computational Science Woldia University Woldia Ethiopia Department of Industrial Chemistry College of Natural and Applied Sciences Addis Ababa Science and Technology University Addis Ababa Ethiopia Department of Chemistry College of Natural and Computational Science Ambo University Ambo Ethiopia Department of Chemistry College of Natural and Computational Science Gondar University Gondar Ethiopia Centre of Excellence in Biotechnology and Bioprocess Addis Ababa Science and Technology University Addis Ababa Ethiopia Department of Allied Sciences Graphic Era Hill University Society Area Clement Town Dehradun 248002 India

Background: Ajuga integrifolia (Armagusa) is used as a decoction to treat high blood pressure and diabetes, widely in Ethiopia. Specific compounds for anti-hypertension activity were not identified so far. This study aims to provide a scientific basis for the therapeutic use of A. integrifolia as an antihypertension agent. Methods: In silico studies were used to evaluate the antihypertensive components of A. integrifolia. Flavonoids identified using HPLC analysis and iridoid glycosides isolated from A. integrifolia in this study and those isolated from synonyms (A. remota and A. bractosa) were considered in the molecular docking study. Interactions were studied by using Autodock vina (1.2) on PyRx 0.8 and visualizing in 2D and 3D using ligPlot+ and Discovery studio software. Activities like vasoprotection and druglikeness properties were predicted using online servers. Results: Flavonoids such as quercetin, myricetin, and rutin were identified and quantified by HPLC analysis from different extracts of A. integrifolia. Reptoside and 8-O-acetylharpgide isolated from the aerial part of A. integrifolia. The binding energies of all 17 candidates considered in this study range from −10.2 kcal/mol to −7.5 kcal/mol and are lower than enalapril (reference drug: −5.9 kcal/ mol). The binding energies, in most case, constitute hydrogen bonding. Biological activity predicted using PASS test also showed that the flavonoids have more probability of activity than the iridoid glycosides. Druglikeness properties of the candidate molecules showed that most follow the Lipinski rule of five with few violations. Conclusion: Lower binding energies involving hydrogen bonding and predicted activities concerning hypertension confirm the traditional use of the aerial part of the medicinal plant concerned. Flavonoids: rutin, myricetin, quercetin, and kaempferol take the leading role in the antihypertensive activity of the aerial part of A. integrifolia. The iridoid glycosides studied are almos

关键词： A. integrifolia antihypertension flavonoids iridoid glycosides

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Multiscalar Evaluation of the Water Distribution System and Diarrheal Disease Risk in addis ababa, Ethiopia

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Environmental science and Technology 2023年第36期57卷 13313-13324页

作者： Espira, Leon M. Gessese, Brook Kassa, Bayable A. Wu, Chia-Chen Riley, Joshua Bedru, Seifedin Sahilu, Geremew Desta, Adey Baye, Kaleab Jones, Andrew D. Love, Nancy G. Eisenberg, Joseph N. S. Department of Epidemiology University of Michigan School of Public Health Ann ArborMI48109 United States Ethiopian Institute of Water Resources Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa150461 Ethiopia Institute of Biotechnology Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa1176 Ethiopia Institute of Environmental Engineering National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu City30010 Taiwan Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109 United States School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa1176 Ethiopia Department of Microbial and Cellular Biology Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa1176 Ethiopia Center for Food Science and Nutrition College of Natural and Computational Sciences Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa1176 Ethiopia Department of Nutritional Sciences University of Michigan School of Public Health Ann ArborMI48109 United States

Despite growing urbanization, our understanding of the impacts of water and sanitation on human health has largely come from studies in rural sectors. To this end, we collected data at both regional (water quality measures from water treatment systems) and community (cross-sectional surveys) scales to examine determinants of enteric pathogen infection and diarrheal disease among infants in addis ababa, Ethiopia. Regionally, the Legedadi water treatment plant had significantly lower heterotrophic plate counts, total coliform counts, and fecal coliform counts compared with the Gefersa water treatment plant. The number of pathogen types in infant stool also differed by plant. Decreases in chlorine levels and increases in the relative abundance of Gammaproteobacteria with distance from treatment plants suggest a compromised water distribution system. In communities, infants in households that obtained water from yard pipes or public taps had significantly lower odds of diarrhea compared to households that had water piped into their dwellings (OR = 0.35, 95% CI 0.16, 0.76, and OR = 0.39, 95% CI 0.15, 1.00, respectively). Similarly, infants in households that boiled or filtered water had significantly lower odds of diarrhea compared to households that did not treat water (OR = 0.40, 95% CI 0.19, 0.86 and OR = 0.23, 95% CI 0.06, 0.84, respectively). Integrating multiscalar data better informs the health impacts of water in urban settings. © 2023 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society

关键词： Water treatment plants

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A systematic review of ecosystem services assessments, trends, and challenges in Ethiopia

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Watershed Ecology and the Environment 2023年第1期5卷 38-45页

作者： Tamire, Chakoro Elias, Eyasu Argaw, Mekuria Center for Environmental Science College of Natural and Computational Science Addis Ababa University PO Box 1176 Addis Ababa Ethiopia Department of Environmental Science College of Agriculture Wachemo University PO Box 667 Hossana Ethiopia

This systematic review analyzes ecosystem services assessments and challenges at the national level of Ethiopia. The articles were downloaded from Google Scholar and science Direct. Using the Boolean theory in the selected search engine, the number of articles downloaded was 78, but only 54 met the criteria. The output indicated that approximately 45% of the analyzed articles were performed in the forest ecosystem. But urban greening, groundwater-dependent ecosystem, and national parks are Ethiopia's most miniature researchable ecosystems. The most valued category of ecosystem services in the review article was the provision and regulation of services. The common methods used in researching the valuation process were simple estimation rather than standardized modeling systems. The other methods, such as benefit transfer, willingness to pay, choice experiments, bao game, and accounting of national systems, were standardized for estimating the ecosystem's economic value in selected articles. Based on the analysis, the value of the ecosystem services in Ethiopia showed a decreasing trend year by year. The most common drivers of ecosystem service change were land cover change, climate change, population growth, invasive species, insufficient attention from policymakers, and lack of sensitization of community and government authorities. Ignorance and lack of awareness about ecosystem services are enormous challenges for Ethiopia. Therefore, creating awareness for the community and government organizations must be the first task to restore and conserve all natural resources and ecosystem services. © 2022 The Authors

关键词： Economic value Ecosystem services Ethiopia Systematic review

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Evaluation of Information Retrieval Models and Query Performance Predictors for Amharic Adhoc Task 15

Evaluation of Information Retrieval Models and Query Perform...

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15th International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Information Retrieval, KDIR 2023 as part of the 15th International Joint Conference on Knowledge Discovery, Knowledge Engineering and Knowledge Management, IC3K 2023

作者： Yeshambel, Tilahun Mothe, Josiane Assabie, Yaregal IT Doctorial Program Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa Ethiopia INSPE Univ. de Toulouse IRIT UMR5505 CNRS Toulouse France Department of Computer Science Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa Ethiopia

ISBN: (纸本)9789897586712

Query performance prediction (QPP) is the task of evaluating the quality of retrieval results of a query within the context of a retrieval model. Although several research activities have been carried out on QPP for many languages, query performance predictors are not studied yet for Amharic adhoc information retrieval (IR) task. In this paper, we present the effect of various IR models on Amharic queries, and make some analysis on the computed features for QPP methods from both Indri and Terrier indexes based on the Amharic Adhoc Information Retrieval Test Collection (2AIRTC). We conducted various experiments to attest the quality of Amharic queries and performance of IR models on 2AIRTC which is TREC-like test collection. The correlation degree between predictors is used to measure the dependence between various query performance predictors, or between a predictor and a retrieval score. Our finding shows that Jelinek-Mercer model outperformed the BM25 and Dirichlet models. The finding also indicates the correlation matrices between the query-IDF predictors and the evaluation measures show very low Pearson correlation coefficient values. Copyright © 2023 by SCITEPRESS - science and Technology Publications, Lda. Under CC license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

关键词： Information retrieval

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Getting ready for digital shift: the level of acceptance towards educational technology among faculty members in higher education institutions in Ethiopia

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Discover Education 2024年第1期3卷 1-9页

作者： Amare, Equlinet Misganaw Zegeye, Robel Tezera Wondie, Shewatatek Gedamu Negash, Tadese Tamire Siyoum, Mekdim Tadesse Health Workforce Improvement Program(HWIP) Amref Health Africa P. O. Box: 2085 Addis Ababa 1000 Ethiopia College of Medicine and Health Science Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa Ethiopia Jimma University Institute of Health Sciences Jimma Ethiopia College of Health Science Debre-Tabor University Debre-Tabor Ethiopia St. Paul Hospital Millennium Medical College Addis Ababa Ethiopia

Introduction: Understanding the extent to which faculty members' beliefs, attitudes, and acceptance of educational technologies for learning is crucial for enhancing the effectiveness of technology and ensuring its long-term viability. However, higher education institutions have made significant investments in educational technology for learning without fully comprehending faculty members' beliefs, attitudes, and level of acceptance of these technologies. This lack of understanding has hindered the effectiveness of these investments. Therefore, this study aims to examine faculty members' beliefs, attitudes and level of acceptance towards educational technology in higher education institutions in Ethiopia. Methods: A survey was conducted at five public higher education institutions that offer priority health training programs. The survey collected data using the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology, focusing on four key determinants. Faculty members were asked to rate these determinants on a scale of 1 to 5. Each determinant was analyzed separately, examining the mean value and standard deviation. An overall mean score was calculated by combining all the determinants. Additionally, a logistic regression analysis was performed to determine how different demographic factors influenced faculty members' acceptance of technology for student learning. Result: A total of 330 faculty members participated in the study. The majority of respondents were male lecturers who held a second degree qualification. On average, the participants were 32.9 years old and had six years of teaching experience. Interestingly, nearly three fourth (72.6%) of faculty members hold positive beliefs and exhibit a high level of acceptance of educational technology. Furthermore, the likelihood of accepting and utilizing technologies for learning was found to be 2.3 times higher for faculty members working in teaching settings at research institutions. Conclusion: Faculty members have a

关键词： E-learning Educational technology Ethiopia Higher education institutions

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