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Complex interactions between benefits, ecosystem services and landscape dynamics: A synthesis of Lake Malombe, Malawi

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Lakes and Reservoirs: science, Policy and Management for Sustainable Use 2022年第1期27卷

作者： Makwinja, Rodgers Mengistou, Seyoum Kaunda, Emmanuel Alamirew, Tena African Centre of Excellence for Water Management College of Natural and Computational Sciences Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa Ethiopia Fisheries Department Ministry of Forestry and Natural Resources Senga Bay Fisheries Research Center Salima Malawi Department of Fisheries Science African Center of Excellence in Aquaculture and Fisheries (AquaFish) Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources Lilongwe Malawi Water and Land Resource Centre of Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa Ethiopia

African inland freshwater lakes experience a high level of exploitation, as evidenced by a decline in biodiversity, food production and rising poverty. Lake Malombe in Malawi provides the best example of this situation. The lake catchment is severely degraded and faces profound biodiversity losses. Households in the catchment are caught in a vicious cycle of poverty. Management decisions regarding Lake Malombe involve choices that reflect opportunity costs among the complex socio-ecological interactions that are often unnoticeable. Ecosystem managers unintentionally make decisions that diminish the value of some critical ecosystem services (ESs), while enhancing others. The present study used geospatial and participatory approaches to explore complex interactions between benefits, ESs and landscape dynamics. The study findings indicate the ecosystem provisioning services (EPSs) are the main livelihood sustenance vehicle for Lake Malombe's local population. The increased cultivated land from 52,932 to 78,983 ha and decreased forest land from 56,235 to 8585 ha between 1989 and 2019 are linked to EPSs changes at the expense of regulatory, supporting and cultural ecosystem services. The findings of the present study suggest an important need to balance the opportunity costs among the complex ESs dynamics and landscape transformation as a means of achieving management policy efficiency while at the same time also avoiding adverse outcomes from human activities. © 2021 John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

关键词： changing catchment ecosystem services Lake Malombe opportunity costs

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Biodegradation of municipal solid wastes into organic fertilizer using trichoderma harzianum

Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management

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Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management 2019年第2期45卷 257-264页

作者： Erana, Feyisa Girma Denbel, Mekuria Gebru Tenkegna, Tesfaye Alemu Dawit, Mekibib Center for Environmental Sciences College of Natural and Computational Science Addis Ababa University Ethiopia Ethiopia Department of Microbial Cellular and Molecular Biology College of Natural and Computational Science Addis Ababa University Ethiopia Ethiopia

There is high solid waste generation rate and about 90% is land filled and only 5% is composted in Ethiopia. Therefore, we carried out study on municipal solid wastes composting using Trichoderma harzianum inoculants and use as biofertilizer. From physicochemical analysis of matured compost the results were within the range of acceptable limits set by most countries' guidelines for agricultural inputs. Furthermore, matured compost showed the mean number of bacterial colonies ranges from 9.18 × 106 to 1.86 × 107 cfu g-1 and whereas fungal colonies ranges from 1.27 × 104 to 1.59 × 104 cfu g-1. Composting facilitated the recovery of biodegradable organic wastes by converting into organic fertilizers and minimized the overflow of municipal solid waste dumped to landfills. In present study using Trichoderma harzianum inoculants did not further improve compost physicochemical properties as compared to the control treatments with only natural microbial decomposers. Therefore, inoculants of Trichoderma harzianum to facilitate composting and the recovery of biodegradable organic wastes needs further study for others parameters optimization. © 2019 Widener university School of Civil Engineering. All rights reserved.

关键词： Composting

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Measurements of natural radionuclide levels and hazards in the Lega Dembi gold mine, Oromia, Ethiopia

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Isotopenpraxis Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies 2023年第4-6期59卷

作者： Gebi Tuku Yachiso Ashok K. Chaubey Birhanu Turi a Department of Physics College of Natural and Computational Science Mizan Tepi University Tepi Ethiopiab Department of Physics College of Natural Science Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa Ethiopia b Department of Physics College of Natural Science Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa Ethiopia c Ethiopian Radiation Protection Authority Addis Ababa Ethiopia

ABSTRACTThis study aimed to evaluate natural radioactivity levels and hazards of radionuclides232Th,226Ra and40K in soil samples taken from 15 locations in the Lega Dembi gold mining, Oromia, Ethiopia, using gamma-ray spectroscopy coupled with an HPGe detector. It was observed that the respective mean specific activities for226Ra,232Th and40K determined in the mining site were 23.87 ± 0.7, 52.5 ± 1.8 and 391.62 ± 11.35 Bq/kg, and 8.89 ± 0.4, 13.83 ± 0.6 and 423.68 ± 9.5 Bq/kg in the living areas. The specific activity of232Th was above the permissive limit in the mining site, while for226Ra and40K were within the limit. The specific activity of40K in the living area was observed to be above the permissive limit. The calculated value of radiation hazards parameters; radium equivalent activity (Raeq), internal and external hazards indices (Hin) and (Hex), the mean annual effective dose (AED), and gamma representative indices (Iγ) were within permissively limit. The mean absorbed dose rate in the mining site was above the recommended safety limit. The total annual gonadal dose equivalent value was found to be 494.8 ± 8.7µSv/a in the mining site. This value was also above the permissively.

关键词： Absorbed dose rate gold mining HPGe detector Lega Dembi radiation radio ecology radiological hazards radionuclides

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Developing and Optimization of Fragmented Electroactive Biofilm Reactor (FAB) to Increase Microbial Fuel Cell Bioelectricity Generation and Treatment Performance

Research Square

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Research Square 2021年

作者： Atnafu, Tesfalem Leta, Seyoum Center for Environmental Science Addis Ababa University P.O.Box 1176 Addis Ababa Ethiopia Department of Biological Science College of Natural and Computational Science Mettu University P.O.Box 318 Metu Ethiopia

Background: Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) drawbacks are anode (cathode) limitation and electrochemical loss. Engineering the biofilm for enhanced attachment to the electrode is the prospect of MFC. Recent studies, recommend the formation of thick anode biofilm that could result in a synergetic effect between microbial communities. To address these issues, a microbial electrode jacket dish (MEJ-dish) was invented that supports microbial growth over the anode electrode surface. The MFC reactor with MEJ-dish was hypothesized to develop a fragment of biofilm (thick and thin) across the electrode. This reactor is called a fragmented electroactive biofilm-microbial fuel cell reactor (FAB-MFC). Results: The maximum voltage generated (0.87 V) was recorded in FAB-MFC. In addition, during the first 3-10 days, the FAB system enables to significantly (p © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Biofilms

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Tree Diversity and Damage by Cypress Aphid, Cinara cupressi, on Juniperus procera in Gulele Botanical Garden and Entoto

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International Journal of Forestry Research 2021年第1期2021卷

作者： Kebede, Sitotaw Mulugeta, Tewodros Department of Biology College of Natural and Computational Science Kotebe Metropolitan University Addis Ababa Ethiopia

Juniperus procera is an important tree species in Ethiopia. Increasing demand for fuelwood and construction material has also created markets for J. procera products. The impact of cypress aphid, Cinara cupressi, on J. procera is becoming catastrophic in the country. However, the level of cypress aphid damage on J. procera has never been studied in Entoto Mountain forest and Gullele Botanical Garden (GBG) in Ethiopia. The objective of this study was to assess the cypress aphid densities and extent of damage caused by the cypress aphid on solely and mixed planted J. procera in Entoto Mountain forest and GBG in addis ababa, Ethiopia, by evaluating aphid adult and nymph densities and damage to J. procera trees. Eight plots of 50 m∗50 m planted with pure J. procera and mixed J. procerawere selected at each site. Five 5 m∗5 m subplots were formed. To assess aphid density hthree tree twigs per whorl were sampled from each tree in the subplots randomly. The collected samples were examined in the laboratory for the presence of nymph and adult cypress aphid. Tree damage was assessed by visually observing the percentage of infestation in the tree crown and was scored on a 1-5 scale. The results showed significant differences in aphid densities between the sites. The highest aphid count was observed at Entoto Mountain. Besides, the solely planted J. procera trees had higher cypress aphid numbers than the mixed plantation. The mean percentage of aphid-infested trees in Entoto and GBG was 53.6 and 46.4, respectively. Tree mortality was extremely low in both sites and planting systems. The level of aphid damage was also significantly different between the planting systems, where mixed plantations had a lower aphid infestation level. Tree damage was directly correlated with the density of aphids collected. In conclusion, cypress aphid was apparent in both sites, and most of the trees were infested by this pest. However, the extent of damage varied with the planting system. Therefo

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Paleo Weathering Effect on Detrital Composition of Adigrat Sandstone from Ogaden Basin and Kella Area, Ethiopia: Insight for reservoir quality prediction

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Journal of African Earth sciences 2025年

作者： Yakob Dea Solomon Kassa Daniel Meshesha Samuel Getnet Department of Geology College of Natural and Applied Sciences Addis Ababa Science and Technology University Addis Ababa P.O. Box 16417 Ethiopia Department of Geology College of Natural and Computational Sciences Wolaita Sodo University Wolaita P.O. Box Ethiopia Mineral Exploration Extraction and Processing Center of Excellence Addis Ababa Science and Technology University P.O. Box 16417 Addis Ababa Ethiopia

Ogaden basin is one of the five major sedimentary basins in Ethiopia; and Kella is one of the areas in Ethiopia where pre-Tertiary sedimentary rocks can be found, though it is not among the major sedimentary basins. Detrital composition analysis is a powerful tool for understanding the paleo-climate, paleo-weathering conditions, and provenance. The purpose of this research is to investigate the paleo-weathering effect on the detrital composition of Adigrat sandstone from the Kella area and Ogaden Basin, which are understudied compared to the contemporaneous deposits in Mekele and Blue Nile Basins. Twenty core samples from the Ogaden basin and nine outcrop samples from Kella area were collected. Laboratory analysis including petrographic, XRD, and XRF were employed for the study. The QLF ternary plot analysis indicates that the majority of the Kella area and Ogaden Basin samples are quartz-rich, with a significant proportion falling within the quartzarenite and subarkose fields. The provenance analysis indicates felsic and intermediate igneous rock sources. The Kella samples, with higher CIA and CIW values, indicate intense chemical weathering under warm and humid climate conditions, potentially leading to reservoir quality reduction. Conversely, the Ogaden Basin well samples, with lower CIA and CIW values, suggest less weathering under arid climate conditions suggesting better reservoir quality. However, the presence of less stable minerals like plagioclase could lead to mineral dissolution and porosity loss over time. Using the analyzed data, the link among the reservoir quality, paleo-weathering processes, paleo-climate, and provenance of the Adigrat sandstone was established, which is very crucial in reducing future exploration risks particularly in the frontier Basins, like the Blue Nile Basin.

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Evaluation of Tannery Wastewater Treatment by Integrating Vesicular Basalt with Local Plant Species in a Constructed Wetland System

Research Square

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Research Square 2021年

作者： Alemu, Agegnehu Gabbiye, Nigus Lemma, Brook College of Science Bahir Dar University P.O Box 79 Bahir Dar Ethiopia Faculty of Chemical and Food Engineering Bahir Dar University Bahir Dar Ethiopia College of Natural and computational Science Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa Ethiopia

Tannery wastewater is composed of a complex mixture of organic and inorganic components from various processes that can critically pollute the environment especially water bodies if discharged without treatment. In this study, integrated vesicular basalt rock and local plant species were used to establish a horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland system and to investigate the treatment efficiency of tannery wastewater. Four pilot units were vegetated with P. purpureum, T. domingensis, C. latifolius, and E. pyramidalis, and a 5th unit was left unvegetated (control). The constructed wetland units in horizontal subsurface flow systems were effective in removing total Cr, COD, and BOD5 from the inflow tannery wastewater. The removal efficiency reached up to 99.38 %, 84.03 %, and 80.32% for total Cr, COD, and BOD5 respectively in the 6 days of HRT. The removal efficiency of TSS, TP, and NO3− obtained a maximum of 70.59 %, 62.32 %, and 71.23 % respectively. This integrated system was effective for removing tannery wastewater, which is below the Ethiopian surface water standard discharge limit set to BOD (200 mg L− 1), COD (500 mg L− 1), total Cr (2 mg L− 1), NO3− (20 mg L− 1), TSS (50 mg L− 1), and TP (10 mg L− 1). © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Wetlands

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Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Analysis of Agricultural Biologicals in Kenya a Smallholder Farmers’ Perspective

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Mweke, Allan Alexandersson, Erik Mulugeta, Tewodros Ilomo, Mesia Kritzinger, Quenton Matsuanyane, Lerato Onyango, Cecilia Department of Animal Health and Production School of Pure and Applied Science Mount Kenya University PO BOX Thika342-01000 Kenya Department of Plant Science and Crop Protection University of Nairobi P.O. Box Nairobi30197 Kenya LommaSE-23053 Sweden Department of Biology College of Natural and Computational Science Kotebe University of Education Addis Ababa Ethiopia Department Plant and Soil Sciences University of Pretoria Pretoria0002 South Africa Agricultural Research Council South Africa

Agricultural biologicals can be sustainable options to manage plant pests and diseases and enhance growth. This can reduce reliance on synthetic inputs, which often come from non-renewable sources and can pose risks to the environment and farmers. However, use of biologicals in Sub-Saharan Africa is low. In this study we performed a Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) analysis among smallholder farmers in Kenya regarding agricultural biologicals. 275 farmers were interviewed in Kajiado, Kiambu and Machakos. The farmers’ knowledge on agricultural biologicals was low 47% (Kajiado), 21% (Kiambu) and 18% (Machakos) deemed knowledgeable. The main source of knowledge was neighbours: 57% Machakos, 33% Kajiado and 32% Kiambu. In the three counties, > 70% of the farmers were not trained on agricultural biologicals. 67% (Kajiado), 59% (Kiambu) and 77% (Machakos) of the farmers stated biologicals are not effective with only 46% (Kajiado), 20% (Kiambu) and 18% (Machakos) using agricultural biologicals. Years in farming positively correlated with knowledge of agricultural biologicals, but not attitude and practice. The low knowledge on agricultural biologicals possibly influenced attitude and *** knowledge of agricultural biologicals did not translate to increased use, indicating that knowledge alone is not sufficient to ensure use among smallholder farmers in Kenya. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Farms

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Analysis of the nutritional and antinutritional contents of tubers of Agew potatoes (Plectranthus edulis) grown in the Awi Zone, Amhara regional state of Ethiopia

Food Chemistry Advances

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Food Chemistry Advances 2024年 5卷

作者： Andualem, Misganaw Tadesse, Bezuayehu Bitew, Abebe Tesfaw, Asmamaw Department of Chemistry College of Natural and Computational Sciences Debre Berhan University P. O. Box 445 Debre Berhan Ethiopia Food Science and Nutrition Research Directorate Ethiopian Public Health Institute Addis Ababa Ethiopia Department of Biotechnology College of Agriculture and Natural Resource Sciences Debre Berhan University Ethiopia

Plectranthus edulis is one of the most important tuberous plants, is an indigenous plant, and grows in middle- and high-altitude areas. This study investigated the proximate, antinutritional, antioxidant, and mineral compositions of P. edulis (Agew potato) grown in the Dangila, Ankesha, and Banja districts in the Awi zone of the Amhara region, Ethiopia. The proximate composition was determined via the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) protocol. The moisture, ash, crude fat, crude protein, crude fiber, carbohydrate, phytate, tannin, TPC, TFC, and DPPH assay results ranged from 70.87 to 74.92 g/100 g, 3.92–4.58 g/10 g, 0.36–0.61 g/100 g, 6.86–9.29 g/100 g, 3.18–3.56 g/100 g, 71.79–78.81 g/100 g, 61.48–108.04 mg/100 g, 8.46–44.15 mg/100 g, 17.53–28.42 mg/g, 2.75–5.71 mg/g, and 52.94–71.49%, respectively. The concentrations of Na, P, Fe, Cu, and Zn ranged from 261.85 to 603.90 mg/kg, 82.02–251.82 mg/100 g, 23.74–65.36 mg/kg, 9.98–16.27 mg/kg, and 17.68–30.20 mg/kg, respectively. The Agew potato from Dangila had a better nutritional content than Banja and Ankesha. Agew potatoes are nutritious and medically important tuber plants used to secure food, especially in undernourished societies. © 2024 The Author(s)

关键词： Antinutrient Antioxidant activity Mineral content Plectranthus edulis Proximate analysis

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Corrigendum to “Documentation of traditional medicinal plants use in Ensaro District, Ethiopia: Implications for plant biodiversity and indigenous knowledge conservation” [J. Herb. Med. 38 (100641) (2023)]

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Journal of Herbal Medicine 2023年 39卷

作者： Asaye Asfaw Ermias Lulekal Tamrat Bekele Asfaw Debella Hiwot Moges Samuel Tessema Asfaw Meresa Abiy Abebe Sileshi Degu Eyob Debebe Debre Brehan University College of Agriculture Natural Resource Management Department Debre Brehan Ethiopia Addis Ababa University College of Computational and Natural Science Addis Ababa Ethiopia Ethiopian Public Health Institute Traditional Medicine Addis Ababa Ethiopia

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