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arXiv 2021年

作者： Shukure, Negessa T. Tessema, S.B. Gopalswamy, N. Astronomy and Astrophysics Research and Development Department P.O.Box 33679 Addis Ababa Ethiopia Addis Ababa University P.O.Box 1176 Addis Ababa Ethiopia College of Natural & computational Science Dept. of Physics Dilla University Box 419 Dilla Ethiopia Solar Physics Laboratory NASA Goddard Space Flight Center GreenbeltMD20771 United States

The Sun is the primary source of energy for the Earth. The small changes in total solar irradiance (TSI) can affect our climate in the longer timescale. In the evolutionary timescale, the TSI varies by a large amount and hence its influence on the Earth’s mean surface temperature (Ts) also increases significantly. We develop a mass-loss dependent analytical model of TSI in the evolutionary timescale and evaluated its influence on the Ts. We determined the numerical solution of TSI for the next 8.23 Gyrs to be used as an input to evaluate the Ts which formulated based on a zero-dimensional energy balance model. We used the present-day albedo and bulk atmospheric emissivity of the Earth and Mars as initial and final boundary conditions, respectively. We found that the TSI increases by 10% in 1.42 Gyr, by 40% in about 3.4 Gyrs, and by 120% in about 5.229 Gyrs from now, while the Ts shows an insignificant change in 1.644 Gyrs and increases to 298.86 K in about 3.4 Gyrs. The Ts attains the peak value of 2319.2 K as the Sun evolves to the red giant and emits the enormous TSI of 7.93×106Wm−2 in 7.676 Gys. At this temperature Earth likely evolves to be a liquid planet. In our finding, the absorbed and emitted flux equally increases and approaches the surface flux in the main sequence, and they are nearly equal beyond the main sequence, while the flux absorbed by the cloud shows opposite trend. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Surface properties

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Skill Assessment of North American Multi-Models Ensemble (NMME) for June-September (JJAS) Seasonal Rainfall over Ethiopia

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Atmospheric and Climate sciences 2022年第1期12卷 54-73页

作者： Asaminew Teshome Jie Zhang Qianrong Ma Stephen E. Zebiak Teferi Demissie Tufa Dinku Asher Siebert Jemal Seid Nachiketa Acharya National Meteorological Agency of Ethiopia Addis Ababa Ethiopia Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Ministry of Education (KLME)/International Joint Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC)/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD) Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology (NUIST) Nanjing China International Research Institute for Climate and Society (IRI) The Earth Institute Columbia University New York USA NORCE Norwegian Research Center Bjerknes Center for Climate Research Bergen Norway CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) East Africa Addis Ababa Ethiopia Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research Addis Ababa Ethiopia Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna Pisa Italy Center for Earth System Modeling Analysis and Data Department of Meteorology and Atmospheric Science Pennsylvania State University University Park PA USA

In recent years, there has been increasing demand for high-resolution seasonal climate forecasts at sufficient lead times to allow response planning from users in agriculture, hydrology, disaster risk management, and health, among others. This paper examines the forecasting skill of the North American Multi-model Ensemble (NMME) over Ethiopia during the June to September (JJAS) season. The NMME, one of the multi-model seasonal forecasting systems, regularly generates monthly seasonal rainfall forecasts over the globe with 0.5 - 11.5 months lead time. The skill and predictability of seasonal rainfall are assessed using 28 years of hindcast data from the NMME models. The forecast skill is quantified using canonical correlation analysis (CCA) and root mean square error. The results show that the NMME models capture the JJAS seasonal rainfall over central, northern, and northeastern parts of Ethiopia while exhibiting weak or limited skill across western and southwestern Ethiopia. The performance of each model in predicting the JJAS seasonal rainfall is variable, showing greater skill in predicting dry conditions. Overall, the performance of the multi-model ensemble was not consistently better than any single ensemble member. The correlation of observed and predicted seasonal rainfall for the better performing models—GFDL-CM2p5-FLOR-A06, CMC2-CanCM4, GFDL-CM2p5-FLOR-B01 and NASA-GMAO-062012—is 0.68, 0.58, 0.52, and 0.5, respectively. The COLA-RSMAS-CCSM4, CMC1- CanCM3 and NCEP-CFSv2 models exhibit less skill, with correlations less than 0.4. In general, the NMME offers

关键词： Ethiopia Ensemble June-September Correlation Coefficient Skill

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Factors associated with uncontrolled blood pressure in adult hypertensive patients on follow-up at Enat General Hospital, Amhara, Ethiopia, 2021

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International Journal of Africa Nursing sciences 2024年 20卷

作者： Wagaye, Melese Kumar, Prem Yimam, Wondwossen Seid, Fatuma Anteneh, Samuel Girma, Mitaw Getachew, Yemiamrew Zenebe, Yosef Debebe, Zelalem W/Selassie, Mulugeta Department of Adult Health Nursing College of Medicine & Health Sciences Wollo University Dessie Ethiopia Department of Comprehensive Health Nursing College of Medicine & Health Sciences Wollo University Dessie Ethiopia Department of Psychiatry College of Medicine & Health Sciences Wollo University Dessie Ethiopia Center for Food Science and Nutrition College of Natural and Computational Sciences Addis Ababa University Ethiopia Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing College of Medicine & Health Sciences Wollo University Dessie Ethiopia

Background: Uncontrolled hypertension in hypertensive patients is a significant public health issue in both developed and developing nations, and it can result in early death and disability on a global scale. Objective: To assess factors associated with uncontrolled BP among adult patients with hypertension attending Enat General Hospital, Ethiopia. Method: An institutional-based cross-sectional study design was employed from May 1 to June 30, 2021. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select 403 study participants. Epi-data version 4.6 and SPSS version 25 was used to enter and analyze the data respectively. Variables with P-value < 0.25 in bi-variable logistic regression analysis were imported to multivariate logistic regression analysis. Finally, variables with p-value < 0.05 were declared for statistical significance. Results: About 47.8% of participants had uncontrolled BP with a response rate of 95%. Abnormal waist circumference (AOR: 3.703, 95% CI 1.690–8.133), moderate stress (AOR: 4.838, 95% CI 2.072–11.294), high stress (AOR: 3.894, 95% CI 1.653–9.170), alcohol use (AOR: 3.097, 95% CI 1.665–5.763), high anxiety (AOR: 4.127, 95% CI 1.120–15.00), borderline anxiety (AOR: 6.560, 95 % CI 2.941–14.633), not eating fruit (AOR: 3.022, 95 % CI 1.430–6.386), medication non-adherence (AOR: 9.266, 95 % CI = 2.054–41.804), salt (AOR: 2.336, 95 % CI 1.269–4.302), and comorbidity (AOR: 3.204, 95 % CI 1.046–9.808) were factors associated with uncontrolled BP. Conclusions: Uncontrolled BP was strongly correlated with stress, alcohol use, anxiety, less fruit-eating habits, salt intake, medication nonadherence, co-morbidities. Regular follow-up, early care seeking for co-morbidity and the provision of health education regarding lifestyle changes are all recommended. © 2023 The Author(s)

关键词： Associated factors Hospital Hypertensive Patients Uncontrolled Blood Pressure

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Improving probabilistic flooding using topological indexes 15

Improving probabilistic flooding using topological indexes

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15th International Conference on Signal Image Technology and Internet Based Systems, SISITS 2019

作者： Kifle, Dawit Gianini, Gabriele Libsie, Mulugeta IT Doctoral Program Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa Ethiopia EBTIC Khalifa University of Science and Technology Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates Università Degli Studi di Milano Milano Italy Department of Computer Science Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa Ethiopia

ISBN: (纸本)9781728156866

Unstructured networks are characterized by constrained resources and require protocols that efficiently utilize bandwidth and battery power. Probabilistic flooding, allows nodes to rebroadcast RREQ packets with some probability p, thus reducing the overhead. The key issue in of this algorithm consists of determining p. The techniques proposed so far either use a fixed p determined by a priori considerations, or a p variable from one node to the other - set, for instance based on node degree or distance between source and destination - or even a dynamic p based on the number of redundant messages received by the nodes. In order to make the computation of forwarding probability p works optimally regardless of changing of topology, we propose to set p based on the node role within the message dissemination process. Specifically, we propose to identify such role based on the nodes' clustering coefficients (the lower the coefficient, the higher the forwarding probability). The performance of the algorithm is evaluated in terms of routing overhead, packet delivery ratio, and end-to-end delay. The algorithm pays a price in terms of computation time for discovering the clustering coefficient, however reduces unnecessary and redundant control messages and achieves a significant improvements in both dense and sparse networks in terms of packet delivery ratio. We compare by simulation the performance of this algorithm with the one of the most representative competing algorithms. © 2019 IEEE.

关键词： Topology

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Application of Optimal Control to the Epidemiology of Dengue Fever Transmission

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2019年第1期7卷 148-165页

作者： Okey Oseloka Onyejekwe Ayalnesh Tigabie Biruk Ambachew Abebe Alemu Computational Mechanics and Dynamical Systems Group Computational Science Program Addis Ababa University Arat Kilo Campus Addis Ababa Ethiopia

In this paper, we build an epidemiological model to investigate the dynamics of the spread of dengue fever in human population. We apply optimal control theory via the Pontryagins Minimum Principle together with the Runge-Kutta solution technique to a “simple” SEIRS disease model. Controls representing education and drug therapy treatment are incorporated to reduce the latently infected and actively infected individual populations. The overall thrust is the minimization of the spread of the disease in a population by adopting an optimization technique as a guideline.

关键词： Epidemiological Model SEIRS Dengue Fever Optimal Control Pontryagins Minimum Principle Fourth-Order Runge-Kutta

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Epidemiological Study and Optimal Control for Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) in Ethiopia

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2019年第1期9卷 8-24页

作者： Okey Oseloka Onyejekwe Abebe Alemu Biruk Ambachew Ayalnesh Tigabie Computational Mechanics and Dynamical Systems Group Computational Science Program Addis Ababa University Arat Kilo Campus Addis Ababa Ethiopia

Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is an infectious, fatal skin disease of cattle caused by a virus of the family Poxviridae (genus Capripox). In addition, severely affected animals suffer from reduced weight, cessation of milk production and infertility. The aim of this paper is to computationally apply epidemiological (SEIR) and optimal control (OC) techniques to study the transmission and the impact of vaccination on LSD. Based on our numerical experiments, we were able to deduce the overall impact of the optimal strategy adopted for this study on the cattle population for vaccination rates within the range of 0 ≤ v ≤ 0.85. It is shown that the vaccination as a control strategy significantly reduced the effects of LSD on the cattle population if properly managed and that an optimal performance of the control strategy adopted hererin is achieved at an approximate value of v = 0.6.

关键词： Lumpy Skin Disease LSD Optimal Control Epidemiology SEIR

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Morphological characterization of Arab and Oromo goats in northwestern Ethiopia

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Agriculture and Food Security 2021年第1期10卷 1-11页

作者： Sheriff, Oumer Alemayehu, Kefyalew Haile, Aynalem Department of Animal Science Assosa University P.O. Box 18 Assosa Ethiopia Department of Animal Production and Technology Bahir Dar University P.O. Box 79 Bahir Dar Ethiopia Biotechnology Research Institute Bahir Dar University Bahir Dar Ethiopia Resilient Agricultural Livelihood Systems Program (RALSP) International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) Addis Ababa Ethiopia

Background: An exploratory field research was conducted in northwestern Ethiopia, to characterize the morphological features of Arab and Oromo goat populations as an input to design community-based breeding programs. Ten qualitative and nine quantitative traits were considered from 747 randomly selected goats. All data collected during the study period were analyzed using R statistical software. Results: Plain white coat color was predominantly observed in Arab goats (33.72%) while plain brown (deep and light) coat color was the most frequent in Oromo goats (27.81%). The morphometric measurements indicated that Oromo goats have significantly higher body weight and linear body measurements than Arab goats. Positive, strong and highly significant correlations were obtained between body weight and most of the body measurements in both goat populations. The highest correlation coefficients of chest girth with body weight for Arab (r = 0.95) and Oromo (r = 0.92) goat populations demonstrated a strong association between these variables. Live body weight could be predicted with regression equations of y = − 33.65 + 0.89 × for Arab goats (R² = 90) and y = − 37.55 + 0.94 × for Oromo goats (R² = 85), where y and x are body weight and chest girth, respectively, in these goat types. Conclusions: The morphological variations obtained in this study could be complemented by performance data and molecular characterization using DNA markers to guide the overall goat conservation and formulation of appropriate breeding and selection strategies. © 2021, The Author(s).

关键词： Body measurements Body weight Ethiopia Indigenous goats Qualitative variables

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Analysis of trends in scientific publications by an NLP toolkit: A case study in Software Development Methods for Enhanced Living Environment

Analysis of trends in scientific publications by an NLP tool...

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International Conference on Software Defined Systems (SDS)

作者： Melaku Girma Nuno Garcia Eftim Zdravevski Mesfin Kifle Nuno Pombo Vladimir Trajkovik Software Engineering Track IT Doctoral Program Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa Ethiopia ALLAB University of Beira Interior Covilhã Portugal Computer Science and Engineering University Ss. Cyril and Methodius Skopje Macedonia Department of Computer Science Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa Ethiopia

ISBN: (数字)9781728172194

ISBN: (纸本)9781728172200

As the number of published scientific articles increases, the analysis of trends and state-of-the-art in software engineering is becoming very time-consuming and laborious task. To address the ever-growing demands for systematic literatures review techniques, rapid review and scoping reviews techniques have emerged. We used an NLP powered tool, which employs the PRISMA surveying methodology, to automate most of the review processes. We used it to automatically review relevant articles indexed in IEEE Xplore, PubMed and Springer digital libraries on the topic “Software Development for Enhanced Living Environments and Ambient Assisted Living”. The relevant articles identified by the NLP toolkit contained up to 21 properties clustered into 3 logical groups. We discovered that Software Development for Enhanced and Assisted living environments attracted an increased attention from the scientific communities over the last 10 years and showed several trends in the specific research topics that fall into this scope. The research uncovered that iterative software methodology had been the most attractive research topic in the field. Despite the enormous empirical evidence on application and success stories of agile development methodologies in many software development engineering, it received a little attention from the scientific community in the software development for Enhanced and Assisted Living Environments. The NLP toolkit identified the most relevant articles that contained the defined properties in the search. Hence, it significantly reduced the manual work, while also generating informative tables, charts and graphs.

关键词： Software Safety Natural language processing Libraries Mission critical systems Market research Assisted living

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Correction: Optimisation of culture conditions for gesho (Rhamnus prinoides.L) callus differentiation using Artificial Neural Network-Genetic Algorithm (ANN-GA) Techniques

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Applied Biological Chemistry 2023年第1期66卷 1-1页

作者： Dejene, Minilu Palanivel, Hemalatha Senthamarai, Heeravathi Varadharajan, Venkatramanan Prabhu, S. Venkatesa Yeshitila, Alazar Benor, Solomon Shah, Shipra Centre of Excellence for Biotechnology and Bioprocess Department of Biotechnology College of Applied and Natural Science Addis Ababa Science and Technology University Addis Ababa Ethiopia Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering PERI Institute of Technology Chennai India Department of Biotechnology PSG College of Technology Coimbatore India Center of Excellence for Biotechnology and Bioprocess Department of Chemical Engineering College of Biological and Chemical Engineering Addis Ababa Science and Technology University Addis Ababa Ethiopia Department of Plant Biology and Biodiversity Management College of Natural and Computational Sciences Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa Ethiopia Department of Industrial Engineering Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment Tshwane University of Technology Tshwane South Africa Department of Forestry College of Agriculture Fisheries and Forestry Fiji National University Nausori Fiji Islands

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Levels of selected pesticides and trophic transfer of DDTs through the aquatic food web in the Lake Ziway ecosystem

Research Square

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Research Square 2021年

作者： Mergia, Mekuria Teshome Weldemariam, Ermias Deribe Eklo, Ole Martin Yimer, Girma Tilahun Norwegian University of Life Sciences Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management Norway Hawassa University College of Natural and Computational Science Ethiopia Hawassa University Department of Biology Hawassa Ethiopia Addis Ababa Ethiopia

The levels of 27 selected pesticides and trophic biomagnification of DDT were investigated in biota samples of the Lake Ziway in the Rift valley region, Ethiopia. Pesticide residues were analyzed using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC MS). Carbon source and trophic position were calculated by using 13C and 15N stable isotopes, individually, and trophic magnification factors (TMFs) were inferred. Among pesticides analyzed, only DDT and its metabolites (o,p'-DDD, o,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDD, and p,p'-DDE) were quantified in biota samples. The most prominent metabolite was p,p'-DDE with mean concentration ranging from the 0.22-7.7ngg-1 wet weight. Moreover, the ratio of DDT/DDD+DDE in all the biota samples was less than 1 signifying historical DDT application. The trophic magnification factor (TMF) for p,p'-DDE, and ΣDDT were 1.18 and 1.19 respectively. Regression of log [ΣDDT] vs TL (trophic level) among all biota species showed a significant correlation, indicating that DDTs are biomagnifying along with the food web of Lake Ziway. The concentrations of DDTs and other organochlorine pesticides found in biota from Lake Ziway were, in general, lower than studies found in previous studies carried out in the same lake. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Pesticides

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