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Production and characterization of biodiesel from brebra (M. Ferruginea) seed non-edible oil

Biotechnology 2012年第4期11卷 217-224页

作者： Andualem, Berhanu Gessesse, Amare Department of Biotechnology Faculty of Natural and Computational Sciences University of Gondar P.O. Box 196 Gondar Ethiopia Biotechnology Program Collage of Natural Sciences Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa Ethiopia

Mittettia ferruginea is a leguminous tree endemic to Ethiopia. Although brebra tree produces large quantities of seeds, currently the seed application is limited. The objective of this study was to produce standard biodiesel from brebra oil. Brebra seed contained 48.5±0.99% oil. As analysis of fatty acid composition showed, 75% of the total fatty acid is accounted for by oleic acid (30.7%) and linoleic acid (44.3%). Refined oil obtained after removal of the hexane was used for biodiesel production using KOH as a catalyst. The resulting biodiesel was pure and showed excellent physical and chemical properties meeting international standards. Briefly, the specific gravity, viscosity, acid value, pH value, saponification value and iodine value of brebra biodiesel were within specification of ASTM and EN. From the total refined oil, 81.6% and 17.18% biodiesel and glycerol was recovered, respectively. Therefore, brebra seed oil has potential application for biodiesel and glycerol production. © 2012 Asian Network for Scientific Information.

关键词： Biodiesel

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Seroprevalence of hepatitis B and C viruses among medical waste handlers at Gondar town Health institutions, Northwest Ethiopia

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BMC Research Notes 2012年第1期5卷 1-10页

作者： Anagaw, Belay Shiferaw, Yitayal Anagaw, Berhanu Belyhun, Yeshambel Erku, Woldearegay Biadgelegn, Fantahun Moges, Beyene Alemu, Agersew Moges, Feleke Mulu, Andargachew Department of Medical Microbiology School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences University of Gondar Gondar Ethiopia Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences University of Gondar Gondar Ethiopia Department of Statistics Faculty of Natural and Computational Science University of Gondar Gondar Ethiopia Department of Medical Parasitology School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences University of Gondar Gondar Ethiopia Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa Ethiopia Department of Medical Microbiology College of Medicine and Health Sciences Bahir Dar University Bahir Dar Ethiopia Institute of Virology Faculty of Medicine University of Leipzig Leipzig Germany

Abstract. Background: Viral hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver due to viral infections and there are groups of viruses that affects the liver of which hepatitis B and C viruses are the causative agents of sever form of liver disease with high rate of mortality. Medical waste handlers who undergo collection, transportation, and disposal of medical wastes in the health institutions are at risk of exposure to acquire those infections which transmit mainly as a result of contaminated blood and other body fluids including injury with sharp instruments, splash to the eye or mucous membrane. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of hepatitis B and/or C viruses and associated risk factors among medical waste handlers. Results: A cross-sectional study was conducted from April, 2011 to June, 2011 in government health institutions at Gondar town. Socio-demographic and possible risk factors data from medical waste handlers were collected using pre-tested and well structured questionnaires. Venous bloods were collected and the serums were tested for hepatitis B surface antigen and anti-hepatitis C antibody using rapid Immunochromatography assay. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS software package (version16). Chi-square and Fisher exact tests were used to assess risk of association. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered statistical significance. A total of 100 medical waste handlers and 100 non-clinical waste handlers were examined for HBV and HCV viruses. HBV was detected in 6 (6.0%) and 1 (1.0%) and HCV in 1 (1.0%) and 0 (0.0%) of medical waste handlers and non-clinical waste handlers, respectively. Significant differences were observed in the detection rates of HBV (OR = 6.3;X ² = 4.1;P = 0.04) and overall infection rate (HBV + HCV) (OR = 7.5;X ² = 5.2;P: 0.02) in medical waste handlers when compared with non-clinical waste handlers. It was found that none of the observed risk factors significantly associated with rate of hepatitis infec

关键词： Gondar Ethiopia Hepatitis B virus Hepatitis C virus Medical waste handlers

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Case Study of Service Oriented Enterprise Architecture Framework

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Computer Technology and Application 2012年第3期3卷 240-249页

作者： Nassir Dino Awel Dico Dida Midekso Worku Alemu Software Engineering Track IT Doctoral Program Addis A baba University Addis A baba P. O. BOX 1176 Ethiopia Graduate Programme HiLCoE School of Computer Science ＆ Technology Addis Ababa P.O.BOX 33465 Ethiopia

Many organizations have now adopted Service Oriented Architecture （SOA） as an architectural style to help them with architecture, design and implementation of their core services and systems. Most of these organizations are challenged in integrating SOA style with their overall Enterprise Architecture work. This framework links an SOA style with the Enterprise Architecture （EA） methodologies to help organizations organize their SOA effort as a key part of their Enterprise Architecture. The case study demonstrates the implementation of architecture goal with organization vision in service oriented organizational structure using services that align Business with Technology. The framework is validated and has reserved the privileges of SOA and EA.

关键词： SOA （service oriented architecture） EA （enterprise architecture） service oriented enterprise （SOE） SOE strategicarchitecture SOE domain architecture SOE solution architecture SOE lifecycle service oriented enterprise architecture （SOEA）framework.

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Pattern recognition and knowledge discovery from road traffic accident data in Ethiopia: Implications for improving road safety

Pattern recognition and knowledge discovery from road traffi...

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2011 World Congress on Information and Communication Technologies, WICT 2011

作者： Beshah, Tibebe Ejigu, Dejene Abraham, Ajith Snasel, Vaclav Kromer, Pavel IT Doctoral Program Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa Ethiopia Department of Computer Science VSB-Technical University of Ostrava Ostrava Czech Republic

ISBN: (纸本)9781467301251

This research tries to view accident data collection and analysis as a system that requires a special view towards understanding the whole and making sense out of it for improved decision making in the effort of reducing the problem of road safety. Under the umbrella of an information architecture research for road safety in developing countries, the objective of this machine learning experimental research is to explore and predict the role of road users on possible injury risks. The research employed Classification and Adaptive Regression Trees (CART) and RandomForest approaches. To identify relevant patterns and illustrate the performance of the techniques for the road safety domain, road accident data collected from addis ababa Traffic Office is exposed to many sided analyses. Empirical results showed that the models could classify accidents with promising accuracy. © 2011 IEEE.

关键词： Developing countries

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Response of the Vegetative Growth of tef [Eragrostis tef (Zucc.)Trotter] Accessions and Varieties to Soil Salinity

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Asian Journal of Agricultural sciences 2011年第4期3卷 257-266页

作者： Kinfemichael Geressu Asfaw Fisseha Itanna Danno Biology Department College of Natural and Computational Sciences (CNCS) Mekelle University (MU) Biology Department Science Faculty Addis Ababa University (AAU)

This study aimed to screen fifteen low land tef genotypes (10 accessions and 5 varieties) during vegetative growth at 0 dS/m (control), 2, 4, 8 and 16 dS/m. Data analysis was carried out using SAS package (SAS version 8.2, 2001) and SPSS version 12. The two ways ANOVA showed significant variation for both accessions/varieties (p<0.01) and treatment (p<0.001) with respect to Plant Height During Heading (PHDH), Plant Height at Harvest (PHAH), Culm Length Per plant (CLE), Culm Diameter per plant (CDI) and Root Length per plant (RLE). On the other hand, the ANOVAforaccession/variety*treatment interaction was significant for CLE and RLE (p<0.001) and PHDH (p<0.01). This implies that all the accessions and varieties respond to salinity stress differently with respect to these three vegetative growth characters. However, the ANOVA for the accession/variety*treatment interaction for the rest characters was insignificant reflecting that the entire varieties and accessions react to salinity stress similarly. Accessions 205217, 55017, 231217 and variety DZ-Cr-358 were salt sensitive genotypes whereas accessions 237186, 212928 and variety DZ-Cr-37 were salt tolerant genotypes of all. Plant Height During Heading (PHDH) and Culm Diameter per plant (CDI) were the most and the least salt affected vegetative growth characters respectively. Generally, the study revealed the presence of broad intraspecific genetic variation in tef accessions and varieties for salt tolerance but more in the former.

关键词： Culm diameter flag leaf harvest plant height root length salinity

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Effects of Salinity on Days to Heading (DTH), Days from Heading to Maturity (DHTM) and Days to Maturity (DTM) of tef [Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter] Accessions and Varieties in Ethiopia

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Asian Journal of Agricultural sciences 2011年第4期3卷 250-256页

作者： Kinfemichael Geressu Asfaw Fisseha Itanna Danno Biology Department College of Natural and Computational Sciences (CNCS) Mekelle University (MU) Plant Biology and Biodiversity Program Unit Faculty of Life Science College of Natural Sciences Addis Ababa University (AAU)

Salinity is a continuing problem in the arid and semi-arid tracts of the world. It could be alleviated using irrigation management and/or crop management. However, the former approach is outdated and very expensive. Nevertheless, the latter is economical as well as efficient, and it enables to produce salt tolerant crop lines. But prior to that there is a need to confirm the presence of genetic based variation for salt tolerance among different species or varieties of a particular crop that can thrive under unreliable agro-ecological situations; tef [Eragrostis tef (Zucc) Trotter] is one of such crops. Thus fifteen lowland tef genotypes (10 accessions and 5 varieties) were tested with respect to days to heading, days from heading to maturity and days to maturity at 2, 4, 8 and 16 dS/m salinity levels. Distilled water (0 dS/m) was used as a control. Data analysis was carried out using SAS package. The analyzed data showed significant variation among all the three parameters recorded for accessions and varieties (p<0.001) and for treatments (p<0.01). Increased salinity level caused delayed Days to Heading (DTH), Days from Heading to Maturity (DHTM) and Days to Maturity (DTM) with a few exceptions. Days to Maturity (DTM) was more salt affected than Days from Heading to Maturity (DHTM) and Days to Heading (DTH). Accessions 212611 and 205217 were the most salt sensitive and salt tolerant genotypes respectively. With respect to the parameters investigated, accessions showed broad intraspecific variation for salt tolerance unlike varieties.

关键词： Accessions Eragrostis tef grain filling NaCl salinity varieties

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Effects of Salinity on Yield and Yield Components of tef [Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter] Accessions and Varieties

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Current Research Journal of Biological sciences 2011年第4期3卷 289-299页

This study aimed to screen fifteen low land tef genotypes (10 accessions and 5 varieties) with respect to yield and yield components at 0dS/m (control), 2, 4, 8 and 16 dS/m salinity levels and data analysis was carried out using SAS package (SAS version 8.2, 2001). The two ways ANOVA showed significant variation with respect to Main Panicle Length (MPL), Peduncle Length (PDL), number of spikelets per main panicle (SP/MP), number of Primary Panicle Branch per Main Panicle (PPB/MP), Main Panicle Dry Weight (MPDW) and Grain Yield per Main Panicle (GY/MP) at p<0.001 for both accessions/varieties and treatment. On the other hand, accession/variety*treatment interaction effect was significant for MPDW (p<0.001) and SP/MP (p<0.01). This implies that all the accessions and varieties respond to salinity stress differently with respect to these two characters. However, the accession/variety*treatment interaction for the rest characters was insignificant reflecting that the entire varieties and accessions react to salinity stress similarly. Accession 236514, varieties DZ-Cr-358 and DZ-01-1681 were salt sensitive genotypes whereas accession 237186 and variety DZ-cr-37 were salt tolerant genotypes of all. Generally, the study revealed the presence of broad intraspecific genetic variation in tef accessions and varieties for salt tolerance but more in the former. Irrespective of salinity being a growing problem in Ethiopia in general and the Awash valley in particular, only little has been done on crops salt tolerance. Therefore, to alleviate the already existing and the inevitable incoming salinity problem, there should be similar and profound studies on tef and other crops.

关键词： Grain yield panicle peduncle salinity spikelet number yield components

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Response of Dry Matter Production of tef [Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter] Accessions and Varieties to NaCl Salinity

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Current Research Journal of Biological sciences 2011年第4期3卷 300-307页

作者： Kinfemichael Geressu Asfaw Fisseha Itanna Danno Biology Department College of Natural and Computational Sciences (CNCS) Mekelle University (MU) Plant Biology and Biodiversity Program Unit Faculty of Life Sciences College of Natural Sciences Addis Ababa University (AAU)

This study aimed to screen fifteen low land tef genotypes (10 accessions and 5 varieties) with respect to dry matter production at 0 dS/m (control), 2, 4, 8 and 16 dS/m salinity levels. Data analysis was carried out using SAS package (SAS version 8.2, 2001) and SPSS version 12. The two ways ANOVA showed significant variation with respect to root dry weight per plant (RDW) at p<0.001 and total dry weight per plant (TDW) at p<0.05 for accessions/varieties. Moreover, it was significant for treatment (p<0.001) with respect to all the above three parameters. On the other hand, the two ways ANOVA for accession/variety*treatment interaction was significant for above ground dry weight per plant (AGDW) and total dry weight per plant (TDW) at p<0.01. This implies that all the accessions and varieties respond to salinity stress differently with respect to these three dry matter production characters. However, the two ways ANOVA for the accession/variety*treatment interaction for root dry weight per plant (RDW) was insignificant reflecting that the entire varieties and accessions react to salinity stress similarly. Accessions 212611, 55017, 231217 and varieties DZ-Cr-358 and DZ-01-1281 were salt sensitive genotypes whereas accessions 237131, 237186, 212928 and variety DZ-Cr-37 were salt tolerant genotypes of all. Varieties were more salt affected than accessions with respect to dry matter production.

关键词： Dry matter Eragrostis tef root weight salinity shoot weight varieties

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Pattern Recognition and Knowledge Discovery from Road Traffic Accident Data in Ethiopia: Implications for improving road safety

Pattern Recognition and Knowledge Discovery from Road Traffi...

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World Congress on Information and Communication Technologies

作者： Tibebe Beshah Dejene Ejigu Ajith Abraham Vaclav Snasel Pavel Kromer IT Doctoral Program Addis Ababa University Department of Computer Science VSB-Technical University of Ostrava

ISBN: (纸本)9781467301275

关键词： Road Safety Road Accident RandomForest CART

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The water resource implications of planned development in the lake Tana catchment, Ethiopia

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Ecohydrology and Hydrobiology 2010年第2-4期10卷 211-221页

作者： Alemayehu, Tadesse Mccartney, Matthew Kebede, Seifu Environmental Science Program Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa P.O. Box 20763 (home) Ethiopia International Water Management Institute Addis Ababa P.O. Box 5689 Ethiopia Department of Earth Science Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa P.O. Box 1176 Ethiopia

The water resources of the Lake Tana catchments are largely untapped. Currently, water resource development is being promoted to stimulate economic growth. This study utilized the WEAP model to determine the likely impact of a number of possible development scenarios on lake water levels. For each scenario, the model was used to simulate water demand in three sectors (i.e. irrigation, hydropower and downstream environmental flows) over a 36-year period of varying flow and rainfall. The simulation results revealed that if all the planned development occurs on average 2198 GWhy^-1 power could be generated and 677 Mm³ y^-1 of water supplied to irrigation schemes. However, the mean annual water level of the lake would be lowered by 0.44 meters. As well as adverse ecological impacts this would have significant implications for shipping and the livelihoods of local people.

关键词： Ethiopia Lake tana Water demand Water level Water resources development WEAP model

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