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6th International Conference on Mobile computing and Sustainable Informatics, ICMCSI 2025

作者： Nelmin, Bathlin N. Shaji, R.S. Hariprasad, S. Shettygari, Sudeshna Vasan, J.K. Vijayan, V. Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering University College of Engineering Nagercoil India Department of Computer Science and Engineering St. Xavier’s Catholic College of Engineering Nagercoil India Department of Computational Intelligence School of Computing SRM Institute of Science and Technology Kattankulathur Chennai India Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering SRM Institute of Science and Technology Kattankulathur Chennai India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331522667

Approximate computing effectively impacts low-power VLSI circuits by reducing circuit overhead. It introduces minimal error in the output, which does not significantly affect the application. This paper proposes an approximate multiplier constructed using 5_3 and 5_2 counters. The proposed 5_2 counter delivers two outputs instead of three, thereby achieving 60% compression. The overhead of the 5_2 counter circuit is reduced, achieving a power delay product (PDP) improvement of 18%. This reduction comes with an addition of an 6% error rate. The newly designed multiplier has less delay, where the Mean error distance (MED) is kept as low as possible. The complexity of the 5_2 counter is also reduced since the counter uses only a full adder and three gates. This is achieved by applying various error optimization mechanisms. The error parameters, (i) Error Distance (ED), and (ii) Mean Error Distance (MED) are analyzed and compared with existing works. The proposed multipliers are involved in image contrast application with better Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) value. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Delay circuits

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Designing architected materials for mechanical compression via simulation, deep learning, and experimentation

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npj computational Materials 2023年第1期9卷 1534-1542页

作者： Andrew J.Lew Kai Jin Markus J.Buehler Laboratory for Atomistic and Molecular Mechanics(LAMM) Massachusetts Institute of Technology77 Massachusetts Ave.CambridgeMA 02139USA Department of Chemistry Massachusetts Institute of Technology77 Massachusetts Ave.CambridgeMA 02139USA Center for Computational Science and Engineering Schwarzman College of ComputingMassachusetts Institute of Technology77 Massachusetts Ave.CambridgeMA 02139USA

Architected materials can achieve enhanced properties compared to their plain *** architecting serves as a powerful design lever to achieve targeted behavior without changing the base ***,the connection between architected structure and resultant properties remains an open field of great interest to many fields,from aerospace to civil to automotive ***,we focus on properties related to mechanical compression,and design hierarchical honeycomb structures to meet specific values of stiffness and compressive *** do so,we employ a combination of techniques in a singular workflow,starting with molecular dynamics simulation of the forward design problem,augmenting with data-driven artificial intelligence models to address the inverse design problem,and verifying the behavior of de novo structures with experimentation of additively manufactured *** thereby demonstrate an approach for architected design that is generalizable to multiple material properties and agnostic to the identity of the base material.

关键词： thereby additive starting

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Autonomous Robot Navigation in Unknown Terrains using Generative Adversarial Networks 4

Autonomous Robot Navigation in Unknown Terrains using Genera...

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4th International Conference on Soft computing for Security Applications, ICSCSA 2024

作者： Chitra, P. Sridar, K. Govindan, Sudha Britto Raj, S. Akshya, J. Choudhry, Mani Deepak Sundarrajan, M. St Joseph's Institute of Technology Department of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science Chennai India Veerammal Engineering College Department of Computer Science and Engineering Dindigul India Sona College of Technology Department of Computer Science and Engineering Salem India RRASE College of Engineering Department of Computer Science and Engineering Chennai India SRM Institute of Science and Technology Department of Computational Intelligence Chennai India SRM Institute of Science and Technology Department of Computing Technologies Chennai India SRM Institute of Science and Technology Department of Networking and Communications Chennai India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331515720

Autonomous Robot Navigation in unknown and dynamic environments is considered one of the grand challenges in robotics. These motions that guide it span from rescue operations to planetary exploration. Classical methods for path planning, including A*, Dijkstra, and RRT, were unable to balance the efficiency and adaptability of motion planning over complex terrain. This may have a powerful solution using Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) with advanced machine learning techniques to improve the ability of robotic navigation. This study proposes a GAN-based approach for designing an effective self-adaptive path planning and obstacle avoidance system for autonomous robots. Despite performing well in structured environments, traditional techniques normally fail in analysing the unstructured terrains with real-time adjustments and dynamic changes due to the high computational costs and lack of flexibility involved. In this regard, the proposed GAN-based system resolves these issues by rating navigation paths concerning safety and efficiency. Quantitative analysis demonstrates that within a forest, desert, urban, or off-road environment, the computational times by using the developed strategy turn out to be 0.12 seconds, 0.10 seconds, 0.14 seconds, and 0.13 seconds, respectively, behaving much lower than what can be achieved with other algorithms. This approach proves much superior in terms of computational efficiency path smoothness and adaptability under different environmental conditions in applications related to autonomous robot navigation systems. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Generative adversarial networks

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scNovel: a scalable deep learning-based network for novel rare cell discovery in single-cell transcriptomics

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BRIEFINGS IN BIOINFORMATICS 2024年第3期25卷 bbae112-bbae112页

作者： Zheng, Chuanyang Wang, Yixuan Cheng, Yuqi Wang, Xuesong Wei, Hongxin King, Irwin Li, Yu Department of Computer Science and Engineering CUHK Hong Kong SAR China College of Computing Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA USA MLR Lab Southern University of Science and Technology The CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute Hi-Tech Park Nanshan Shenzhen 518057 China Institute for Medical Enginering and Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USA Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering Harvard University Boston MA USA Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge MA USA

Single-cell RNA sequencing has achieved massive success in biological research fields. Discovering novel cell types from single-cell transcriptomics has been demonstrated to be essential in the field of biomedicine, yet is time-consuming and needs prior knowledge. With the unprecedented boom in cell atlases, auto-annotation tools have become more prevalent due to their speed, accuracy and user-friendly features. However, existing tools have mostly focused on general cell-type annotation and have not adequately addressed the challenge of discovering novel rare cell types. In this work, we introduce scNovel, a powerful deep learning-based neural network that specifically focuses on novel rare cell discovery. By testing our model on diverse datasets with different scales, protocols and degrees of imbalance, we demonstrate that scNovel significantly outperforms previous state-of-the-art novel cell detection models, reaching the most AUROC performance(the only one method whose averaged AUROC results are above 94%, up to 16.26% more comparing to the second-best method). We validate scNovel's performance on a million-scale dataset to illustrate the scalability of scNovel further. Applying scNovel on a clinical COVID-19 dataset, three potential novel subtypes of Macrophages are identified, where the COVID-related differential genes are also detected to have consistent expression patterns through deeper analysis. We believe that our proposed pipeline will be an important tool for high-throughput clinical data in a wide range of applications.

关键词： novel rare cell discovery single-cell analysis neural network

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Rethinking Independent Cross-Entropy Loss For Graph-Structured Data 41

Rethinking Independent Cross-Entropy Loss For Graph-Structur...

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41st International Conference on Machine Learning, ICML 2024

作者： Miao, Rui Zhou, Kaixiong Wang, Yili Liu, Ninghao Wang, Ying Wang, Xin School of Artificial Intelligence Jilin University China Institute for Medical Engineering Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology United States School of Computing University of Georgia United States College of Computer Science and Technology Jilin University China

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have exhibited prominent performance in learning graph-structured data. Considering node classification task, based on the i.i.d assumption among node labels, the traditional supervised learning simply sums up cross-entropy losses of the independent training nodes and applies the average loss to optimize GNNs' weights. But different from other data formats, the nodes are naturally connected. It is found that the independent distribution modeling of node labels restricts GNNs' capability to generalize over the entire graph and defend adversarial attacks. In this work, we propose a new framework, termed joint-cluster supervised learning, to model the joint distribution of each node with its corresponding cluster. We learn the joint distribution of node and cluster labels conditioned on their representations, and train GNNs with the obtained joint loss. In this way, the data-label reference signals extracted from the local cluster explicitly strengthen the discrimination ability on the target node. The extensive experiments demonstrate that our joint-cluster supervised learning can effectively bolster GNNs' node classification accuracy. Furthermore, being benefited from the reference signals which may be free from spiteful interference, our learning paradigm significantly protects the node classification from being affected by the adversarial attack. Copyright 2024 by the author(s)

关键词： Adversarial machine learning

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EFFICIENT SHARPNESS-AWARE MINIMIZATION FOR MOLECULAR GRAPH TRANSFORMER MODELS 12

EFFICIENT SHARPNESS-AWARE MINIMIZATION FOR MOLECULAR GRAPH T...

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12th International Conference on Learning Representations, ICLR 2024

作者： Wang, Yili Zhou, Kaixiong Liu, Ninghao Wang, Ying Wang, Xin School of Artificial Intelligence Jilin University China Institute for Medical Engineering & Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology United States School of Computing University of Georgia United States College of Computer Science and Technology Jilin University China

Sharpness-aware minimization (SAM) has received increasing attention in computer vision since it can effectively eliminate the sharp local minima from the training trajectory and mitigate generalization degradation. However, SAM requires two sequential gradient computations during the optimization of each step: one to obtain the perturbation gradient and the other to obtain the updating gradient. Compared with the base optimizer (e.g., Adam), SAM doubles the time overhead due to the additional perturbation gradient. By dissecting the theory of SAM and observing the training gradient of the molecular graph transformer, we propose a new algorithm named GraphSAM, which reduces the training cost of SAM and improves the generalization performance of graph transformer models. There are two key factors that contribute to this result: (i) gradient approximation: we use the updating gradient of the previous step to approximate the perturbation gradient at the intermediate steps smoothly (increases efficiency);(ii) loss landscape approximation: we theoretically prove that the loss landscape of GraphSAM is limited to a small range centered on the expected loss of SAM (guarantees generalization performance). The extensive experiments on six datasets with different tasks demonstrate the superiority of GraphSAM, especially in optimizing the model update process. The code is in: https://***/YL-wang/GraphSAM/tree/graphsam. © 2024 12th International Conference on Learning Representations, ICLR 2024. All rights reserved.

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Incorporating 5G NR Sidelink with MQTT to Maximize Energy Efficiency in IoT-Enabled Microgrids 1

Incorporating 5G NR Sidelink with MQTT to Maximize Energy Ef...

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1st IEEE International Conference on Smart Power Control and Renewable Energy, ICSPCRE 2024

作者： Neelamegam, G. Ashforn, Hermina J.M. Raja, Mohamed S. Priyadharshini, J. Akshya, J. Choudhry, Mani Deepak Sundarrajan, M. Vsb College of Engineering and Technology Department of Computer Science and Engineering Coimbatore India Bannari Amman Institute of Technology Department of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science Erode India Kalaignarkarunanidhi Institute of Technology Department of Computer Science and Engineering Coimbatore India K. Ramakrishnan College of Engineering Department of Information Technology Trichy India Srm Institute of Science and Technology Department of Computational Intelligence Chennai India Srm Institute of Science and Technology Department of Computing Technologies Chennai India Srm Institute of Science and Technology Department of Networking and Communications Chennai India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350377002

IoT for smart microgrids is an innovative disruption at the cutting edge of energy management, relying on interconnectedness provided by smart sensors and devices to enhance power generation and distribution precision in metropolitan areas. The problems of the real-time operational capabilities required for efficient energy resource management thus progress, inhibit rapid control and management. The main goal of this research proposal consists of to use of the advanced technology of 5G NR Sidelink combined with MQTT to conduct a revolutionary communication system of Microgrid running through the IoT devices. The 5G NR (New Radio) Sidelink enables direct D2D communication, which leads to a dramatic lowering of the latency in the absence of traditional network infrastructures for communication, while the MQTT protocol improves the communication efficiency among networks of numerous IoT devices. The introduction of this system was followed by a 15% decrease in energy transmission losses and by 20% improvement in response times in comparison to conventional models specified in the quantitative evaluation thus increasing operational efficiency by far. These efficiencies not only reduce operating expenses and power consumption but also increase the solution's scalability, pointing out the possibility of building the solution for bigger urban microgrid implementations. In consideration of that, the suggested mechanism with 5G NR Sidelink along with MQTT overcomes elaborate barriers of IoT-based microgrids and establishes a new potency in advanced energy management in smart cities which could make the distribution network in the urban areas on the edge of the verge of a change. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Microgrids

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Twitter sentiment analysis using conditional generative adversarial network

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International Journal of Cognitive computing in engineering 2024年第1期5卷 161-169页

作者： Mahalakshmi, V. Shenbagavalli, P. Raguvaran, S. Rajakumareswaran, V. Sivaraman, E. Department of Information Technology Sengunthar College of Engineering Tiruchengode Tiruchengode637205 India Assistant Professor Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences Coimbatore India Assistant Professor Department of Computational Intelligence School of Computing SRM Institute of Science and Technology SRM Nagar Kattankulathur Kanchipuram Chennai Tamil Nadu 603203 India Assistant Professor Department of Computer Science and Design Erode Sengunthar Engineering College Tamil Nadu Thuduppathi India Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Curtin University Miri Malaysia

Sentiment analysis, which aims to extract information from textual data indicating people's ideas or attitudes about a particular problem, has developed into one of the most exciting study issues in natural language processing (NLP) with the development of social media. Twitter is a social network with an extensive audience that expresses their thoughts and opinions clearly and readily. Due to the prevalence of slang phrases and incorrect spellings in short phrase styles, Twitter data analysis is more challenging than data analysis from other social networks. Automated feature selection still has several limitations, such as higher computing costs that rise with the number of characteristics. Deep learning, which is self-learned and more accurate at processing vast amounts of data, is utilized to overcome these challenges. This paper introduces a conditional generative adversarial network (GAN) for Twitter sentiment analysis, whereas a convolutional neural network (CNN) has been used to extract traits from Twitter data. Compared to existing works, the proposed work has outperformed in accuracy, recall, precision, and F1 score. The suggested method is the most accurate, with a classification accuracy of 93.33 %. © 2024

关键词： Sentiment analysis

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UAV -Based Object Tracking Using Siamese Networks and Kalman Filtering

UAV -Based Object Tracking Using Siamese Networks and Kalman...

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2025 International Conference on Multi-Agent Systems for Collaborative Intelligence, ICMSCI 2025

作者： Ramanan, S.V. Rajasekar, M. Shanmugapriya, G. Sujitha, R. Akshya, J. Choudhry, Mani Deepak P Pg Institute of Technology Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Coimbatore India Vsb college of Engineering Department of Computer Science and Engineering Technical Campus Coimbatore India Dr.N G.P Institute of Technology Department of Computer Science and Business Systems Coimbatore India Christ The King Engineering College Department of Information Technology Coimbatore India Srm Institute of Science and Technology Department of Computational Intelligence Chennai India Srm Institute of Science and Technology Department of Computing Technologies Chennai India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331509828

The ability to match features and keep track of objects in changing dynamic environments is still an important problem, particularly due to varying noise levels, diverse datasets, and high dimensional feature spaces. Euclidean Distance and Cosine Similarity based matching are existing methods that commonly do not generalize well, particularly in the case of cross domain scenarios, where noise and motion dynamics are powerful factors to limit the accuracy of tracking. However, Deep Metric Learning approaches can extract robust features at the cost of computational efficiency and are unsuitable for real-time applications. This research proposes a Siamese Network framework to solve these problems by using robust feature matching and multi-object tracking. Based on that, the proposed framework uses a dual-branch network architecture in which feature embeddings extracted from paired inputs are mapped through the same shared latent space. Furthermore, the adaptive learning rate leads to efficient convergence during the training. Experimental results show that the Siamese Network not only achieves better accuracy than the existing methods and the more such as Deep Metric Learning but also performs significantly more efficient computation. With an accuracy of 90.2 % at a precision of 88.5%, the framework's inference time is much faster than that of Deep Metric Learning at 2.0ms. Furthermore, the proposed method performs well on the generalization over datasets with a 15% improvement of cross-domain matching accuracy on Euclidean Distance. By striking this balance between accuracy, efficiency and adaptability, it shows its suitability for dynamic and noisy environments for real-time tracking. The proposed method fills existing gaps and achieves a new state of the art for feature matching and tracking performance. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Object tracking

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Integrating Instruction-based Learning with Bidirectional LSTM for Autonomous Vehicle Pedestrian Detection

Integrating Instruction-based Learning with Bidirectional LS...

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2025 International Conference on Multi-Agent Systems for Collaborative Intelligence, ICMSCI 2025

作者： Shoba, B. Raghunathan, T. Peter, S.Sam Karthick, K. Akshya, J. Sundarrajan, M. Choudhry, Mani Deepak Psn College of Engineering and Technology Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Tirunelveli India Dr.NG.p.Institute of Technology Department of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science Coimbatore India Sri Krishna College of Technology Department of Computer Science and Engineering Coimbatore India Sona College of Technology Department of Information Technology Salem India Srm Institute of Science and Technology Department of Computational Intelligence Chennai India Srm Institute of Science and Technology Department of Networking and Communications Chennai India Srm Institute of Science and Technology Department of Computing Technologies Chennai India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331509828

Pedestrian detection is a crucial aspect of autonomous vehicle (A V) safety, as it enables accurate identification and tracking of individuals in an A V environment. Effective pedestrian detection supports essential A V functions like braking, steering, and speed control to prevent accidents in urban settings. Traditional computer vision methods, such as Support Vector Machines and Random Forests, rely on pre-designed features like the Histogram of Oriented Gradients. While the existing techniques offer some performance, it face significant challenges in dynamic environments, especially under varying lighting conditions, occlusions, and diverse pedestrian poses. Traditional models also require extensive manual feature engineering and tuning, which limits scalability and adaptability. Recent advances in deep learning, particularly with Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), have allowed for automatic feature learning, yielding practical improvements over classical methods. However, CNNs can struggle in low light and when facing adversarial attacks, as they mainly capture spatial features. To address these limitations, this research proposes a new methodology combining CNNs for spatial feature extraction with Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) networks to capture temporal dependencies. This hybrid approach enhances detection capabilities by learning both static and dynamic patterns. Our proposed CNN-BiLSTM model achieves a 92 % detection accuracy and an F1 score of 88.5% across diverse conditions, outperforming existing models by up to 15%. By integrating temporal features, the model reduces missed detections and false positives by up to 20%, providing a more reliable and adaptable solution for pedestrian detection in autonomous vehicles. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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