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Effects of concurrency on epidemic spreading in Markovian temporal networks

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Liu, Ruodan Ogura, Masaki Reis, Elohim Fonseca Dos Masuda, Naoki Department of Mathematics State University of New York at Buffalo BuffaloNY14260-2900 United States Graduate School of Information Science and Technology Osaka University Osaka Suita565-0871 Japan Computational and Data-Enabled Sciences and Engineering Program State University of New York at Buffalo BuffaloNY14260-5030 United States Faculty of Science and Engineering Waseda University Tokyo169-8555 Japan

The concurrency of edges, quantified by the number of edges that share a common node at a given time point, may be an important determinant of epidemic processes in temporal networks. We propose theoretically tractable Markovian temporal network models in which each edge flips between the active and inactive states in continuous time. The different models have different amounts of concurrency while we can tune the models to share the same statistics of edge activation and deactivation (and hence the fraction of time for which each edge is active) and the structure of the aggregate (i.e., static) network. We analytically calculate the amount of concurrency of edges sharing a node for each model. We then numerically study effects of concurrency on epidemic spreading in the stochastic susceptible-infectious-susceptible and susceptible-infectious-recovered dynamics on the proposed temporal network models. We find that the concurrency enhances epidemic spreading near the epidemic threshold while this effect is small in many cases. Furthermore, when the infection rate is substantially larger than the epidemic threshold, the concurrency suppresses epidemic spreading in a majority of cases. In sum, our numerical simulations suggest that the impact of concurrency on enhancing epidemic spreading within our model is consistently present near the epidemic threshold but modest. The proposed temporal network models are expected to be useful for investigating effects of concurrency on various collective dynamics on networks including both infectious and other dynamics. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Dynamics

Invasive or More Direct Measurements Can Provide an Objective Early-Stopping Ceiling for Training Deep Neural Networks on Non-invasive or Less-Direct Biomedical Data

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SN Computer science 2023年第2期4卷 161页

作者： Bartlett, Christopher W. Bossenbroek, Jamie Ueyama, Yukie McCallinhart, Patricia Peters, Olivia A. Santillan, Donna A. Santillan, Mark K. Trask, Aaron J. Ray, William C. Department of Pediatrics The Ohio State University College of Medicine Columbus OH United States The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine Battelle Center for Computational Biology The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital Columbus OH United States Department of Computer Science and Engineering The Ohio State University College of Engineering Columbus OH United States Center for Cardiovascular Research The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital Columbus OH United States Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics Iowa City IA United States The Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Biophysics The Ohio State University Graduate School Columbus OH United States

Early stopping is an extremely common tool to minimize overfitting, which would otherwise be a cause of poor generalization of the model to novel data. However, early stopping is a heuristic that, while effective, primarily relies on ad hoc parameters and metrics. Optimizing when to stop remains a challenge. In this paper, we suggest that for some biomedical applications, a natural dichotomy of invasive/non-invasive measurements, or more generally proximal vs distal measurements of a biological system can be exploited to provide objective advice on early stopping. We discuss the conditions where invasive measurements of a biological process should provide better predictions than non-invasive measurements, or at best offer parity. Hence, if data from an invasive measurement are available locally, or from the literature, that information can be leveraged to know with high certainty whether a model of non-invasive data is overfitted. We present paired invasive/non-invasive cardiac and coronary artery measurements from two mouse strains, one of which spontaneously develops type 2 diabetes, posed as a classification problem. Examination of the various stopping rules shows that generalization is reduced with more training epochs and commonly applied stopping rules give widely different generalization error estimates. The use of an empirically derived training ceiling is demonstrated to be helpful as added information to leverage early stopping in order to reduce overfitting. © 2023, The Author(s).

关键词： Health Invasive Machine learning Model Non-invasive Overfitting

MultiCalib4DEB: A toolbox exploiting multimodal optimisation in Dynamic Energy Budget parameters calibration

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Robles, Juan Francisco Chica, Manuel Filgueira, Ramón Agüera, Antonio Damas, Sergio Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence DaSCI University of Granada Granada18071 Spain Department of Benthic resources Norwegian Institute of Marine Research BergenNO-5817 Norway Department of Software Engineering Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence DaSCI University of Granada Granada18071 Spain Marine Affairs Program Life Sciences Centre Dalhousie University 1459 Oxford Street HalifaxNSB3H 4R2 Canada

1. Calibration is a crucial step for the validation of computational models and a challenging task to accomplish. 2. Dynamic Energy Budget (DEB) theory has experienced an exponential rise in the number of published papers, which in large part has been made possible by the DEBtool toolbox. Multimodal evolutionary optimisation could provide DEBtool with new capabilities, particularly relevant on the provisioning of equally optimal and diverse solutions. 3. In this paper we present MultiCalib4DEB, a MATLAB toolbox directly integrated into the existing DEBtool toolbox, which uses multimodal evolutionary optimisation algorithms to find multiple global and local optimal and diverse calibration solutions for DEB models. 4. MultiCalib4DEB adds powerful calibration mechanisms, statistical analysis, and visualisation methods to the DEBtool toolbox and provides a wide range of outputs, different calibration alternatives, and specific tools to strengthen the DEBtool calibration module and to aid DEBtool users to evaluate the performance of the calibration results. © 2023, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Calibration

The Waiting-Time Paradox

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Masuda, Naoki Porter, Mason A. Department of Mathematics State University of New York at Buffalo BuffaloNY United States Computational and Data-Enabled Science and Engineering Program State University of New York at Buffalo BuffaloNY United States Department of Mathematics University of California Los Angeles Los AngelesCA United States

Suppose that you’re going to school and arrive at a bus stop. How long do you have to wait before the next bus arrives? Surprisingly, it is longer — possibly much longer — than what the bus schedule suggests intuitively. This phenomenon, called the waiting-time paradox, has a purely mathematical origin. Different buses arrive with different intervals, leading to this paradox. In this article, we look at the waiting-time paradox, explain why it happens, and explore some of its implications (beyond the possibility of being late for school). Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Buses

Decomposition of dynamic transcriptomic responses during effector-triggered immunity reveals conserved responses in two distinct plant cell populations

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Plant Communications 2024年第8期5卷 1-17页

作者： Xiaotong Liu Daisuke Igarashi Rachel A.Hillmer Thomas Stoddard You Lu Kenichi Tsuda Chad L.Myers Fumiaki Katagiri Department of Plant and Microbial Biology University of Minnesota-Twin CitiesSt PaulMN 55108USA Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of Minnesota-Twin CitiesMinneapolisMN 55455USA Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Graduate Program University of Minnesota-Twin CitiesMinneapolisMN 55455USA Institute for Innovation Ajinomoto Co.Inc.KawasakiJapan State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryHubei Key Lab of Plant PathologyCollege of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070China Present address:225 S 6th St MinneapolisMN 55402USA Present address:Biotalys Inc.2520 Meridian Parkway Suite 480DurhamNC 27713USA Present address:Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology University of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMI 48109USA

Rapid plant immune responses in the appropriate cells are needed for effective defense against *** transcriptome analysis is often used to describe overall immune responses,collection of transcriptome data with sufficient resolution in both space and time is *** reanalyzed public Arabidopsis time-course transcriptome data obtained after low-dose inoculation with a Pseudomonas syringae strain expressing the effector AvrRpt2,which induces effector-triggered immunity in ***-peak time-course patterns are prevalent among thousands of upregulated *** implemented a multicompartment modeling approach to decompose the double-peak pattern into two single-peak patterns for each *** decomposed peaks reveal an“echoing”pattern:the peak times of the first and second peaks correlate well across most upregulated *** demonstrated that the two peaks likely represent responses of two distinct cell populations that respond either cell autonomously or indirectly to ***,the peak decomposition has extracted spatial information from the time-course *** echoing pattern also indicates a conserved transcriptome response with different initiation times between the two cell populations despite different elicitor types.A gene set highly overlapping with the conserved gene set is also upregulated with similar kinetics during pattern-triggered *** of a WRKY network via different entry-point WRKYs can explain the similar but not identical transcriptome responses elicited by different elicitor *** discuss potential benefits of the properties of the WRKY activation network as an immune signaling network in light of pressure from rapidly evolving pathogens.

关键词： Arabidopsis Pseudomonas syringae plant immune response multi-compartment model WRKY transcription factors resilient immune signaling network

A Method for Automatic Generation of 3D Background Models Using Fractal Models and Genetic Algorithms

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A Method for Automatic Generation of 3D Background Models Us...

International Symposium on Computing and Networking Workshops (CANDARW)

作者： Kaito Watanabe Hirotaka Nakayama Atsushi Shiraki Tomoyoshi Ito Katsumi Hirata Naoto Hoshikawa Advanced Course General Engineering Program National Institute of Technology Oyama College Oyama Japan Center for Computational Astrophysics National Astronomical Observatory of Japan Mitaka Japan Graduate School of Engineering Chiba University Chiba Japan Department of Innovative Electrical and Electronic Engineering National Institute of Technology Oyama College Oyama Japan Graduate School of Science and Tecnology University of Tsukuba Tsukuba Japan

In recent years, 3DCG-related industries have grown rapidly and the demand for 3DCG content has increased. However, 3DCG production requires special skills and a lot of time. In particular, the creation of background data requires a lot of human resources at the production site because the data is huge and complex. Therefore, we propose an automatic creation system that generates 3D background data for 3DCG production. The proposed system consists of three functions: 3D model generation, generation parameter optimization, and fitness evaluation. The user inputs a landscape photograph as idea information into the system, and the system optimizes the generation parameters so that the 3D object shape approximates the input image. To evaluate the accuracy of the system's performance, we observe the optimization process and the 3D object output when a previously generated fractal image or landscape photos are input. Experimental results show that the system accurately optimizes the generation parameters and generates 3D objects that are almost identical to the shape of the fractal image. In addition, the parameters were also optimized with a certain degree of accuracy for landscape photographs for which no specific solution had been determined.

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From mechanism to medicine: The progress and potential of epigenetics in osteoarthritis

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Osteoarthritis and Cartilage Open

Osteoarthritis and Cartilage Open 2025年第3期7卷 100621-100621页

作者： Roberts, Jack B. Rockel, Jason S. Mulders, Rick Capellini, Terence D. Appleton, C. Thomas Phanstiel, Douglas H. Lories, Rik Geurts, Jeroen Ali, Shabana Amanda Bhutani, Nidhi Stone, Laura Cruz-Almeida, Yenisel Jurisica, Igor Boer, Cindy G. Ramos, Yolande F.M. Rice, Sarah J. Kapoor, Mohit Biosciences Institute Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne United Kingdom Division of Orthopedics Osteoarthritis Research Program Schroeder Arthritis Institute University Health Network and Krembil Research Institute University Health Network Toronto ON Canada Department of Medical Biophysics and Computer Science University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada Department of Biomedical Data Sciences Section Molecular Epidemiology Leiden University Medical Center Leiden Netherlands Department of Human Evolutionary Biology Harvard University Cambridge MA United States Bone and Joint Institute and Department of Medicine Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry Western University London Canada Curriculum in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology University of North Carolina Chapel Hill NC United States Laboratory of Tissue Homeostasis and Disease Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Centre Department of Development and Regeneration KU Leuven Leuven Belgium Division of Rheumatology University Hospitals Leuven Leuven Belgium Rheumatology Department of Musculoskeletal Medicine Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne (CHUV-UNIL) Lausanne Switzerland Bone and Joint Center Henry Ford Health + Michigan State University Health Sciences Detroit MI United States Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Stanford School of Medicine Stanford CA United States Department of Anesthesiology School of Medicine University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN United States Pain Research and Intervention Center of Excellence (PRICE) at the University of Florida Gainesville FL United States Department of Internal Medicine Genomics Medicine Center Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam Netherlands Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada Department of Surgery University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada

Objective: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic, degenerative disease of the articular joints. The disease presents an enormous clinical and economic burden globally, due in part to the lack of disease modifying therapies. For over a decade, OA researchers have been working to determine epigenetic mechanisms underlying the disease to better understand pathology, identify biomarkers of progression, and pinpoint novel targets for therapeutic intervention. Design: This article presents a summary of the 3rd International Workshop on the Epigenetics of Osteoarthritis held in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, in September 2024. The purpose of this meeting was to gather the international community to discuss the status of OA epigenetic research and share expertise on innovative techniques for future. Results: Since the two previous meetings, there has been increasing adoption of advanced single-cell and spatial sequencing technologies and bioinfomatic analyses. Furthermore, investigations of multiple joint tissues has highlighted the shifting paradigm from OA as a cartilage centric disease to the consideration of all joint tissues. Conclusions: The workshop provided a unique opportunity for early-career researchers to expand their network, and for all participants to discuss new or improved approaches to advance the field, including international consortia and data sharing. The highlights and outcomes from this OA epigenetics workshop are described in this report. © 2025 The Authors

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An optimal algorithm for strict circular seriation

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Armstrong, Santiago Guzmán, Cristóbal Long, Carlos A. Sing Institute for Mathematical and Computational Engineering Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago Chile Anid - Millennium Science Initiative Program Millennium Nucleus Center for the Discovery of Structures in Complex Data Santiago Chile Department of Applied Mathematics University of Twente Netherlands Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago Chile

We study the problem of circular seriation, where we are given a matrix of pairwise dissimilarities between n objects, and the goal is to find a circular order of the objects in a manner that is consistent with their dissimilarity. This problem is a generalization of the classical linear seriation problem where the goal is to find a linear order, and for which optimal O(n2) algorithms are known. Our contributions can be summarized as follows. First, we introduce circular Robinson matrices as the natural class of dissimilarity matrices for the circular seriation problem. Second, for the case of strict circular Robinson dissimilarity matrices we provide an optimal O(n2) algorithm for the circular seriation problem. Finally, we propose a statistical model to analyze the well-posedness of the circular seriation problem for large n. In particular, we establish O(log(n)/n) rates on the distance between any circular ordering found by solving the circular seriation problem to the underlying order of the model, in the Kendall-tau *** Codes 68R01, 05C85, 05C50, 05C25, 65C20 Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Trees (mathematics)

Advances of machine learning in molecular modeling and simulation

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Haghighatlari, Mojtaba Hachmann, Johannes Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University at Buffalo State University of New York BuffaloNY14260 United States Computational and Data-Enabled Science and Engineering Graduate Program University at Buffalo State University of New York BuffaloNY14260 United States New York State Center of Excellence in Materials Informatics BuffaloNY14203 United States

In this review, we highlight recent developments in the application of machine learning for molecular modeling and simulation. After giving a brief overview of the foundations, components, and workflow of a typical supervised learning approach for chemical problems, we showcase areas and state-of-the-art examples of their deployment. In this context, we discuss how machine learning relates to, supports, and augments more traditional physics-based approaches in computational research. We conclude by outlining challenges and future research directions that need to be addressed in order to make machine learning a mainstream chemical engineering tool. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Machine learning