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EMPRESS. IX. Extremely Metal-Poor Galaxies are Very Gas-Rich Dispersion-Dominated Systems: Will JWST Witness Gaseous Turbulent High-z Primordial Galaxies?

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2022年

作者： Isobe, Yuki Ouchi, Masami Nakajima, Kimihiko Ozaki, Shinobu Bouché, Nicolas F. Wise, John H. Xu, Yi Emsellem, Eric Kusakabe, Haruka Hattori, Takashi Nagao, Tohru Chiaki, Gen Fukushima, Hajime Harikane, Yuichi Hayashi, Kohei Hirai, Yutaka Kim, Ji Hoon Maseda, Michael V. Nagamine, Kentaro Shibuya, Takatoshi Sugahara, Yuma Yajima, Hidenobu Aoyama, Shohei Fujimoto, Seiji Fukushima, Keita Hatano, Shun Inoue, Akio K. Ishigaki, Tsuyoshi Kawasaki, Masahiro Kojima, Takashi Komiyama, Yutaka Koyama, Shuhei Koyama, Yusei Lee, Chien-Hsiu Matsumoto, Akinori Mawatari, Ken Moriya, Takashi J. Motohara, Kentaro Murai, Kai Nishigaki, Moka Onodera, Masato Ono, Yoshiaki Rauch, Michael Saito, Tomoki Sasaki, Rin Suzuki, Akihiro Takeuchi, Tsutomu T. Umeda, Hiroya Umemura, Masayuki Watanabe, Kuria Yabe, Kiyoto Zhang, Yechi Institute for Cosmic Ray Research The University of Tokyo 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha Chiba Kashiwa277-8582 Japan Department of Physics Graduate School of Science The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo Tokyo113-0033 Japan National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka Tokyo181-8588 Japan University of Tokyo Chiba Kashiwa277-8583 Japan Univ Lyon Univ Lyon1 ENS de Lyon CNRS Centre de Recherche Astrophysique de Lyon UMR5574 Saint-Genis-LavalF-69230 France Center for Relativistic Astrophysics School of Physics Georgia Institute of Technology AtlantaGA30332 United States Department of Astronomy Graduate School of Science The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo Tokyo113-0033 Japan European Southern Observatory Karl-Schwarzschild-Straße 2 Garching85748 Germany Observatoire de Genéve Université de Genéve 51 Ch. des Maillettes Versoix1290 Switzerland 650 North A'ohoku Place HiloHI96720 United States Research Center for Space and Cosmic Evolution Ehime University Bunkyo-cho 2-5 Ehime Matsuyama790-8577 Japan Center for Computational Sciences University of Tsukuba Ten-nodai 1-1-1 Tsukuba Ibaraki305-8577 Japan Department of Physics and Astronomy University College London Gower Street LondonWC1E 6BT United Kingdom National Institute of Technology Ichinoseki College Hagisho Ichinoseki021-8511 Japan Astronomical Institute Tohoku University 6-3 Aoba Aramaki Aoba-ku Miyagi Sendai980-8578 Japan Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Notre Dame 225 Nieuwland Science Hall Notre DameIN46556 United States Astronomy Program Department of Physics and Astronomy Seoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro Gwanak-gu Seoul08826 Korea Republic of SNU Astronomy Research Center Seoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro Gwanak-gu Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Department of Astronomy University of Wisconsin-Madison 475 N. Charter Street MadisonWI53706 United States Theoretical Astrophysics Department of Earth & Space S

We present kinematics of 6 local extremely metal-poor galaxies (EMPGs) with low metallicities (0.016 − 0.098 Z☉) and low stellar masses (104.7 − 107.6M☉). Taking deep medium-high resolution (R ∼ 7500) integral-field spectra with 8.2-m Subaru, we resolve the small inner velocity gradients and dispersions of the EMPGs with Hα emission. Carefully masking out sub-structures originated by inflow and/or outflow, we fit 3-dimensional disk models to the observed Hα flux, velocity, and velocity-dispersion maps. All the EMPGs show rotational velocities (vrot) of 5-23 km s−1 smaller than the velocity dispersions (σ0) of 17-31 km s−1, indicating dispersion-dominated (vrot/σ0 = 0.29−0.80 gas 0.9 − 1.0. Comparing our results with other Hα kinematics studies, we find that vrot/σ0 decreases and fgas increases with decreasing metallicity, decreasing stellar mass, and increasing specific star-formation rate. We also find that simulated high-z (z ∼ 7) forming galaxies have gas fractions and dynamics similar to the observed EMPGs. Our EMPG observations and the simulations suggest that primordial galaxies are gas-rich dispersion-dominated systems, which would be identified by the forthcoming James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) observations at z ∼ 7. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Galaxies

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EMPRESS. XII. Statistics on the Dynamics and Gas Mass Fraction of Extremely-Metal Poor Galaxies

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2023年

作者： Xu, Yi Ouchi, Masami Isobe, Yuki Nakajima, Kimihiko Ozaki, Shinobu Bouché, Nicolas F. Wise, John H. Emsellem, Eric Kusakabe, Haruka Hattori, Takashi Nagao, Tohru Chiaki, Gen Fukushima, Hajime Harikane, Yuichi Hayashi, Kohei Hirai, Yutaka Kim, Ji Hoon Maseda, Michael V. Nagamine, Kentaro Shibuya, Takatoshi Sugahara, Yuma Yajima, Hidenobu Aoyama, Shohei Fujimoto, Seiji Fukushima, Keita Hatano, Shun Inoue, Akio K. Ishigaki, Tsuyoshi Kawasaki, Masahiro Kojima, Takashi Komiyama, Yutaka Koyama, Shuhei Koyama, Yusei Lee, Chien-Hsiu Matsumoto, Akinori Mawatari, Ken Moriya, Takashi J. Motohara, Kentaro Murai, Kai Nishigaki, Moka Onodera, Masato Ono, Yoshiaki Rauch, Michael Saito, Tomoki Sasaki, Rin Suzuki, Akihiro Takeuchi, Tsutomu T. Umeda, Hiroya Umemura, Masayuki Watanabe, Kuria Yabe, Kiyoto Zhang, Yechi Institute for Cosmic Ray Research The University of Tokyo 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha Chiba Kashiwa277-8582 Japan Department of Astronomy Graduate School of Science The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo Tokyo113-0033 Japan National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka Tokyo181-8588 Japan University of Tokyo Chiba Kashiwa277-8583 Japan Department of Physics Graduate School of Science The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo Tokyo113-0033 Japan Univ Lyon Univ Lyon1 ENS de Lyon CNRS Centre de Recherche Astrophysique de Lyon UMR5574 Saint-Genis-LavalF-69230 France Center for Relativistic Astrophysics School of Physics Georgia Institute of Technology AtlantaGA30332 United States European Southern Observatory Karl-Schwarzschild-Straße 2 Garching85748 Germany Observatoire de Genéve Université de Genéve 51 Ch. des Maillettes Versoix1290 Switzerland 650 North A’ohoku Place HiloHI96720 United States Research Center for Space and Cosmic Evolution Ehime University Bunkyo-cho 2-5 Ehime Matsuyama790-8577 Japan Center for Computational Sciences University of Tsukuba Ten-nodai 1-1-1 Tsukuba Ibaraki305-8577 Japan Department of Physics and Astronomy University College London Gower Street LondonWC1E 6BT United Kingdom National Institute of Technology Ichinoseki College Hagisho Ichinoseki021-8511 Japan Astronomical Institute Tohoku University 6-3 Aoba Aramaki Aoba-ku Miyagi Sendai980-8578 Japan Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Notre Dame 225 Nieuwland Science Hall Notre DameIN46556 United States Astronomy Program Department of Physics and Astronomy Seoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro Gwanak-gu Seoul08826 Korea Republic of SNU Astronomy Research Center Seoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro Gwanak-gu Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Department of Astronomy University of Wisconsin-Madison 475 N. Charter Street MadisonWI53706 United States Theoretical Astrophysics Department of Earth & Space S

We present demography of the dynamics and gas-mass fraction of 33 extremely metal-poor galaxies (EMPGs) with metallicities of 0.015 − 0.195 Zo and low stellar masses of 104 − 108 Mo in the local universe. We conduct deep optical integral-field spectroscopy (IFS) for the low-mass EMPGs with the medium high resolution (R = 7500) grism of the 8m-Subaru FOCAS IFU instrument by the EMPRESS 3D survey, and investigate Hα emission of the EMPGs. Exploiting the resolution high enough for the low-mass galaxies, we derive gas dynamics with the Hα lines by the fitting of 3-dimensional disk models. We obtain an average maximum rotation velocity (vrot) of 15 ± 3 km s−1 and an average intrinsic velocity dispersion (σ0) of 27 ± 10 km s−1 for 15 spatially resolved EMPGs out of the 33 EMPGs, and find that all of the 15 EMPGs have vrot/σ0 rot/σ0 with the decreasing stellar mass and metallicity. We derive the gas mass fraction (fgas) for all of the 33 EMPGs, and find no clear dependence on stellar mass and metallicity. These vrot/σ0 and fgas trends should be compared with young high-z galaxies observed by the forthcoming JWST IFS programs to understand the physical origins of the EMPGs in the local universe. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Galaxies

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Abstracts from the 15th International Myopia Conference

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Eye and Vision 2016年第1期3卷 211-221页

作者： Alexandra Benavente-Perez Ann Nour Tobin Ansel Kathleen Abarr Luying Yan Keisha Roden David Troilo Chanyi Lu Miaozhen Pan Min Zheng Jia Qu Xiangtian Zhou Christine F. Wildsoet Fan Lu Jie Chen Jinhua Bao Liang Hu Qinmei Wang Zibing Jin Frances Rucker Stephanie Britton Stephan Hanowsky Molly Spatcher Hui-Ying Kuo Ching-Hsiu Ke I-Hsin Kuo Chien-Chun Peng Han-Yin Sun Ian G. Morgan Jeremy A. Guggenheim Rupal L. Shah Cathy Williams Jinglei Yang Peter S. Reinach Sen Zhang Wenfeng Sun Bo Liu Fen Li Xiaoqing Li Aihua Zhao Tianlu Chen Wei Jia Jun Jiang Haoran Wu Kazuo Tsubota Hiroko Ozawa Hidemasa Torii Shigemasa Takamizawa Toshihide Kurihara Kazuno Negishi Klaus Graef Daniel Rathbun Frank Schaeffel Ladan Ghodsi William K. Stell Machelle T. Pardue Ranjay Chakraborty Han na Park Curran S. Sidhu P. Michael Iuvone Michael J Collins Nethrajeith Srinvasalu Sally A. McFadden Paul N. Baird Pablo Artal Pauline Cho SW Cheung Pei-Chang Wu Quan V. Hoang Duk C. Lee Erica G. Landis Michael A. Bergen Curran Sidhu Samer Hattar Richard A. Stone Ravi Metlapally Ruiqin Li Qinglin Xu Hong Zhong Chenglin Pan Weizhong Lan Xiaoning Li Ling Chen Zhikuan Yang Scott A. Read Seang-Mei Saw Shi-Jun Weng Xiao-Hua Wu Kang-Wei Qian Yun-Yun Li Guo-Zhong Xu Furong Huang Xiong-Li Yang Yong-Mei Zhong Earl L Smith, III Baskar Arumugam Li-Fang Hung Lisa A. Ostrin Klaus Trier Monica Jong Brien A. Holden Thomas Chuen Lam Samantha Shan Bing Zuo Dennis Yan-yin Tse Jingfang Bian King-Kit Li Quan Liu Chi-ho To Timothy J. Gawne John T. Siegwart, Jr. Alexander H. Ward Thomas T. Norton Yan Zhang Yue Liu Carol Ho Eileen Phan Abraham Hang Emily Eng Christine Wildsoet Department of Biological Sciences SUNY College of Optometry New York NY 10036 USA School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou Zhejiang 325027 China Center for Eye Disease & Development School of Optometry & Vision Science Program University of California Berkeley Berkeley CA 94720-2020 USA Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou Zhejiang 325027 China Biomedical Science and Disease New England College of Optom Boston MA USA School of Optometry Chung Shan Medical University Taichung City 402 Taiwan Institute of Medicine Chung Shan Medical University Taichung City 402 Taiwan Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research School of Biology Australian National University Canberra Australia State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Division of Preventive Ophthalmology Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou China School of Optometry & Vision Sciences Cardiff University Cardiff UK School of Social and Community Medicine University of Bristol Bristol UK School of and Eye Hospital Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou Zhejiang 325027 China State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science Ministry of Health and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry Wenzhou Zhejiang 325027 People’s Republic of China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus and Center for Translational Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital Shanghai 200233 China Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou Zhejiang 325027 China Department of Ophthalmology Keio University School of Medicine Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 160-8582 Japan General Medicine Ichikawa Medical Center Urayasu City Chiba 279-0001 Japan Ophthalmic Research Institute University of Tuebingen 72076 Tuebingen Germany Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Tuebingen 72076 Tuebingen Germany Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience Otfried-Mueller-Straße 25 Tueb

To assess the peripheral refractive changes that occur when eye growth decelerates in *** We measured peripheral refraction and on-axis vitreous chamber depth on a total of 53 marmosets;36 treated monocularly for 12 weeks 9 hrs/day(26 with-5 D contact lenses,10 with+5 D)and 17 untreated *** the 26 marmosets treated with-5 D,10 wore contact lenses 9 hrs/day without interruptions and were mea-sured at the end of 10 weeks of treatment(T10)and after 4 weeks of recovery(R14).Eight had both contact lenses removed for 30 mins twice/day(mid-morning and mid-afternoon)during the first four weeks of treatment(early interruption group)and eight had the lenses removed during the second four weeks of treatment(late interruption group).The two interruption groups were measured after 4,8 and 12 weeks of treatment only(T4,T8,T12).

关键词： removed treatment untreated

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EMPRESS. X. Spatially resolved mass-metallicity relation in extremely metal-poor galaxies: Evidence of episodic star-formation fueled by a metal-poor gas infall

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2024年

作者： Nakajima, Kimihiko Ouchi, Masami Isobe, Yuki Xu, Yi Ozaki, Shinobu Nagao, Tohru Inoue, Akio K. Rauch, Michael Kusakabe, Haruka Onodera, Masato Nishigaki, Moka Ono, Yoshiaki Sugahara, Yuma Hattori, Takashi Hirai, Yutaka Hashimoto, Takuya Kim, Ji Hoon Moriya, Takashi J. Yanagisawa, Hiroto Aoyama, Shohei Fujimoto, Seiji Fukushima, Hajime Fukushima, Keita Harikane, Yuichi Hatano, Shun Hayashi, Kohei Ishigaki, Tsuyoshi Kawasaki, Masahiro Kojima, Takashi Komiyama, Yutaka Koyama, Shuhei Koyama, Yusei Lee, Chien-Hsiu Matsumoto, Akinori Mawatari, Ken Motohara, Kentaro Murai, Kai Nagamine, Kentaro Nakane, Minami Saito, Tomoki Sasaki, Rin Shibuya, Takatoshi Suzuki, Akihiro Takeuchi, Tsutomu T. Umeda, Hiroya Umemura, Masayuki Watanabe, Kuria Yabe, Kiyoto Yajima, Hidenobu Zhang, Yechi National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka Tokyo181-8588 Japan Institute for Cosmic Ray Research The University of Tokyo 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha Chiba Kashiwa277-8582 Japan Osawa 2-21-1 Mitaka Tokyo181-8588 Japan University of Tokyo Chiba Kashiwa277-8583 Japan Kavli Institute for Cosmology University of Cambridge Madingley Road CambridgeCB3 0HA United Kingdom Cavendish Laboratory University of Cambridge 19 JJ Thomson Avenue CambridgeCB3 0HE United Kingdom Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering Faculty of Science and Engineering Waseda University 3-4-1 Okubo Shinjuku Tokyo169-8555 Japan Department of Physics Graduate School of Science The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo Tokyo113-0033 Japan Department of Astronomy Graduate School of Science The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo Tokyo113-0033 Japan Research Center for Space and Cosmic Evolution Ehime University Bunkyo-cho 2-5 Ehime Matsuyama790-8577 Japan Department of Physics School of Advanced Science and Engineering Faculty of Science and Engineering Waseda University 3-4-1 Okubo Shinjuku Tokyo169-8555 Japan Observatories of the Carnegie Institution for Science 813 Santa Barbara St. PasadenaCA91101 United States Observatoire de Genève Université de Genève 51 Chemin de Pégase Versoix1290 Switzerland 650 North Aohoku Place HiloHI96720 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Notre Dame 225 Nieuwland Science Hall Notre DameIN46556 United States Astronomical Institute Tohoku University 6-3 Aoba Aramaki Aoba-ku Miyagi Sendai980-8578 Japan Division of Physics Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences University of Tsukuba Ibaraki Tsukuba305-8571 Japan Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences University of Tsukuba Ibaraki Tsukuba305-8571 Japan Astronomy Program Department of Physics and Astronomy Seoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro Gwanak-gu Seoul08826 Korea Republic of SNU Astronomy Research Cent

Using the Subaru/FOCAS IFU capability, we examine the spatially resolved relationships between gas-phase metallicity, stellar mass, and star-formation rate surface densities (Σ★ and ΣSFR, respectively) in extremely metal-poor galaxies (EMPGs) in the local universe. Our analysis includes 24 EMPGs, comprising 9,177 spaxels, which span a unique parameter space of local metallicity (12 + log(O/H) 6.9 to 7.9) and stellar mass surface density (Σ★ ∼ 105 to 107 Mo kpc−2), extending beyond the range of existing large integral-field spectroscopic surveys. Through spatially resolved emission line diagnostics based on the [N ii] BPT-diagram, we verify the absence of evolved active galactic nuclei in these EMPGs. Our findings reveal that, while the resolved mass-metallicity relation exhibits significant scatter in the low-mass regime, this scatter is closely correlated with local star-formation surface density. Specifically, metallicity decreases as ΣSFR increases for a given Σ★. Notably, half of the EMPGs show a distinct metal-poor horizontal branch on the resolved mass-metallicity relation. This feature typically appears at the peak clump with the highest Σ★ and ΣSFR and is surrounded by a relatively metal-enriched ambient region. These findings support a scenario in which metal-poor gas infall fuels episodic star formation in EMPGs, consistent with the kinematic properties observed in these systems. In addition, we identify four EMPGs with exceptionally low central metallicities (12 + log(O/H) 7.2), which display only a metal-poor clump without a surrounding metal-rich region. This suggests that such ultra-low metallicity EMPGs, at less than a few percent of the solar metallicity, may serve as valuable analogs for galaxies in the early stages of galaxy evolution. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Spectroscopic analysis

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The structure of the stellar halo of the Andromeda galaxy explored with the NB515 for Subaru/HSC. I.: New insights on the stellar halo up to 120 kpc

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Ogami, Itsuki Tanaka, Mikito Komiyama, Yutaka Chiba, Masashi Guhathakurta, Puragra Kirby, Evan N. Wyse, Rosemary F.G. Filion, Carrie Gilbert, Karoline M. Escala, Ivanna Mori, Masao Kirihara, Takanobu Tanaka, Masayuki Ishigaki, Miho N. Hayashi, Kohei Lee, Myung Gyoon Sharma, Sanjib Kalirai, Jason S. Lupton, Robert H. 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka Tokyo181-8588 Japan National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka Tokyo181-8588 Japan Department of Advanced Sciences Faculty of Science and Engineering Hosei University 3-7-2 Kajino-cho Koganei Tokyo184-8584 Japan Astronomical Institute Tohoku University Aoba-ku Miyagi Sendai980-8578 Japan Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics University of California Santa Cruz University of California Observatories 1156 High Street Santa CruzCA95064 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Notre Dame Notre DameIN46556 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Johns Hopkins University BaltimoreMD21218 United States Center for Computational Astrophysics Flatiron Institute New YorkNY10010 United States John Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory 11100 Johns Hopkins Road LaurelMD20723 United States Space Telescope Science Institute 3700 San Martin Dr. BaltimoreMD21218 United States The Observatories of the Carnegie Institution for Science 813 Santa Barbara Street PasadenaCA91101 United States Faculty of Pure and Applied Physics University of Tsukuba Tennodai 1-1-1 Ibaraki Tsukuba305-8577 Japan Center for Computational Sciences University of Tsukuba Tennodai 1-1-1 Ibaraki Tsukuba305-8577 Japan Kitami Institute of Technology 165 Koen-cho Hokkaido Kitami090-8507 Japan National Institute of Technology Sendai College Miyagi Natori981-1239 Japan Astronomy Program Department of Physics and Astronomy SNU Astronomy Research Center Seoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro Gwanak-gu Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Department of Astrophysical Sciences Princeton University 4 Ivy Lane PrincetonNJ08544 United States

We analyse the M31 halo and its substructure within a projected radius of 120 kpc using a combination of Subaru/HSC NB515 and CFHT/MegaCam g- & i-bands. We succeed in separating M31’s halo stars from foreground contamination with ∼ 90 % accuracy by using the surface gravity sensitive NB515 filter. Based on the selected M31 halo stars, we discover three new substructures, which associate with the Giant Southern Stream (GSS) based on their photometric metallicity estimates. We also produce the distance and photometric metallicity estimates for the known substructures. While these quantities for the GSS are reproduced in our study, we find that the North-Western stream shows a steeper distance gradient than found in an earlier study, suggesting that it is likely to have formed in an orbit closer to the Milky Way. For two streams in the eastern halo (Stream C and D), we identify distance gradients that had not been resolved. Finally, we investigate the global halo photometric metallicity distribution and surface brightness profile using the NB515-selected halo stars. We find that the surface brightness of the metal-poor and metal-rich halo populations, and the all population can be fitted to a power-law profile with an index of α = −1.65 ± 0.02, −2.82 ± 0.01, and −2.44 ± 0.01, respectively. In contrast to the relative smoothness of the halo profile, its photometric metallicity distribution appears to be spatially non-uniform with nonmonotonic trends with radius, suggesting that the halo population had insufficient time to dynamically homogenize the accreted populations. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Luminance

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Galactic transient sources with the Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory

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Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 2025年第1期540卷 205–238页

作者： Abe, K Abe, S Abhir, J Abhishek, A Acero, F Acharyya, A Adam, R Aguasca-Cabot, A Agudo, I Aguirre-Santaella, A Alfaro, J Alfaro, R Alvarez-Crespo, N Alves Batista, R Amans, J-P Amato, E Ambrosi, G Ambrosino, F Angüner, E O Antonelli, L A Aramo, C Arcaro, C Arnesen, T T H Asano, K Ascasibar, Y Aschersleben, J Ashkar, H Augusto Stuani, L Baack, D Backes, M Balazs, C Balbo, M Baquero Larriva, A Barbosa Martins, V Barres de Almeida, U Barrio, J A Barrios-Jiménez, L Batković, I Batzofin, R Baxter, J Becerra González, J Becker Tjus, J Belmont, R Benbow, W Bernete, J Bernlöhr, K Berti, A Bertucci, B Beshley, V Bhattacharjee, P Bhattacharyya, S Bigongiari, C Bissaldi, E Blanch, O Blazek, J Bocchino, F Boisson, C Bolmont, J Bonnoli, G Bonollo, A Bordas, P Bosnjak, Z Bottacini, E Böttcher, M Bradascio, F Bronzini, E Brown, A M Brunelli, G Bulgarelli, A Burelli, I Burger-Scheidlin, C Burmistrov, L Burton, M Buscemi, M Cailleux, J Campoy-Ordaz, A Cantlay, B K Capasso, G Caproni, A Capuzzo-Dolcetta, R Caraveo, P Caroff, S Carosi, A Carosi, R Carquin, E Carrasco, M-S Cascone, E Cassol, F Castaldini, L Castrejon, N Castro-Tirado, A J Cerasole, D Ceribella, G Cerruti, M Chadwick, P M Chaty, S Chen, A W Chernyakova, M Chiavassa, A Chudoba, J Chytka, L Cicciari, G M Cifuentes, A Coimbra Araujo, C H Colapietro, M Conforti, V Contreras, J L Cortina, J Costa, A Costantini, H Cotter, G Cristofari, P Cuevas, O Curtis-Ginsberg, Z D’Aì, A D’Amico, G D’Ammando, F Dai, S Dazzi, F de Bony de Lavergne, M De Caprio, V De Cesare, G De Frondat Laadim, F de Gouveia Dal Pino, E M De Lotto, B De Lucia, M de Martino, D de Menezes, R de Naurois, M de Ona Wilhelmi, E de Souza, V del Peral, L del Valle, M V Delgado, C Dell’aiera, M Della Valle, M della Volpe, D Depaoli, D Devin, J Di Girolamo, T Di Piano, A Di Pierro, F Di Tria, R Di Venere, L Diebold, S Dignam, C Dima, R Dinesh, A Djuvsland, J Dominik, R M Dominis Prester, D Donini, A Dorner, D Dörner, J Doro, M Dubos, C Ducci, L Dwarkadas, V V Ebr, J Eckner, C Egberts, K Einecke, S Elsässer, D Emery Department of Physics Tokai University 4-1-1 Kita-Kaname Hiratsuka Kanagawa 259-1292 Japan Institute for Cosmic Ray Research University of Tokyo 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-ha Kashiwa Chiba 277-8582 Japan ETH Zürich Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics Otto-Stern-Weg 5 CH-8093 Zürich Switzerland INFN and Università degli Studi di Siena Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche della Terra e dell’Ambiente (DSFTA) Sezione di Fisica Via Roma 56 I-53100 Siena Italy Université Paris-Saclay Université Paris Cité CEA CNRS AIM F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex France FSLAC IRL 2009 CNRS/IAC E-38205 La Laguna Tenerife Spain University of Alabama Tuscaloosa Department of Physics and Astronomy Gallalee Hall Box 870324 Tuscaloosa AL 35487-0324 USA Université Côte d’Azur Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur CNRS Laboratoire Lagrange UF 06304 Nice France Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet CNRS/IN2P3 École Polytechnique Institut Polytechnique de Paris F-91120 Palaiseau France Departament de Física Quàntica i Astrofísica Institut de Ciències del Cosmos Universitat de Barcelona IEEC-UB Martí i Franquès 1 E-08028 Barcelona Spain Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n E-18008 Granada Spain Institute for Computational Cosmology and Department of Physics Durham University South Road Durham DH1 3LE UK Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Av. Libertador Bernardo O’Higgins 340 8331150 Santiago Chile Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Delegación Coyoacán 04510 Ciudad de México Mexico IPARCOS-UCM Instituto de Física de Partículas y del Cosmos and EMFTEL Department Universidad Complutense de Madrid E-28040 Madrid Spain Instituto de Física Teórica UAM/CSIC and Departamento de Física Teórica Universidad Autónoma de Madrid c/ Nicolás Cabrera 13-15 Campus de Cantoblanco UAM E-28049 Madrid Spain LUTH GEPI and LERMA Observatoire de Paris Université PSL Université Paris Cité CNRS 5 place Jules Janssen F-92190 Meudon France INAF – Osservatorio

A wide variety of Galactic sources show transient emission at soft and hard X-ray energies: low- and high-mass X-ray binaries containing compact objects, isolated neutron stars exhibiting extreme variability as magnetars as well as pulsar-wind nebulae. Although most of them can show emission up to MeV and/or GeV energies, many have not yet been detected in the TeV domain by Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes. In this paper, we explore the feasibility of detecting new Galactic transients with the Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory (CTAO) and the prospects for studying them with Target of Opportunity observations. We show that CTAO will likely detect new sources in the TeV regime, such as the massive microquasars in the Cygnus region, low-mass X-ray binaries with low-viewing angle, flaring emission from the Crab pulsar-wind nebula or other novae explosions, among others. Since some of these sources could also exhibit emission at larger time-scales, we additionally test their detectability at longer exposures. We finally discuss the multiwavelength synergies with other instruments and large astronomical facilities.

关键词： binaries: general stars: magnetars novae cataclysmic variables pulsars: general gamma-rays: general

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FUTURE-AI: International consensus guideline for trustworthy and deployable artificial intelligence in healthcare

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Lekadir, Karim Feragen, Aasa Fofanah, Abdul Joseph Frangi, Alejandro F. Buyx, Alena Emelie, Anais Lara, Andrea Porras, Antonio R. Chan, An-Wen Navarro, Arcadi Glocker, Ben Botwe, Benard O. Khanal, Bishesh Beger, Brigit Wu, Carol C. Cintas, Celia Langlotz, Curtis P. Rueckert, Daniel Mzurikwao, Deogratias Fotiadis, Dimitrios I. Zhussupov, Doszhan Ferrante, Enzo Meijering, Erik Weicken, Eva González, Fabio A. Asselbergs, Folkert W. Prior, Fred Krestin, Gabriel P. Collins, Gary S. Tegenaw, Geletaw S. Kaissis, Georgios Misuraca, Gianluca Tsakou, Gianna Dwivedi, Girish Kondylakis, Haridimos Jayakody, Harsha Woodruf, Henry C. Mayer, Horst Joachim Aerts, Hugo JWL Walsh, Ian Chouvarda, Ioanna Buvat, Irène Tributsch, Isabell Rekik, Islem Duncan, James Kalpathy-Cramer, Jayashree Zahir, Jihad Park, Jinah Mongan, John Gichoya, Judy W. Schnabel, Julia A. Kushibar, Kaisar Riklund, Katrine Mori, Kensaku Marias, Kostas Amugongo, Lameck M. Fromont, Lauren A. Maier-Hein, Lena Alberich, Leonor Cerdá Rittner, Leticia Phiri, Lighton Marrakchi-Kacem, Linda Donoso-Bach, Lluís Martí-Bonmatí, Luis Cardoso, M. Jorge Bobowicz, Maciej Shabani, Mahsa Tsiknakis, Manolis Zuluaga, Maria A. Bielikova, Maria Fritzsche, Marie-Christine Camacho, Marina Linguraru, Marius George Wenzel, Markus De Bruijne, Marleen Tolsgaard, Martin G. Ghassemi, Marzyeh Ashrafuzzaman, Md Goisauf, Melanie Yaqub, Mohammad Abadía, Mónica Cano Mahmoud, Mukhtar M.E. Elattar, Mustafa Rieke, Nicola Papanikolaou, Nikolaos Lazrak, Noussair Díaz, Oliver Salvado, Olivier Pujol, Oriol Sall, Ousmane Guevara, Pamela Gordebeke, Peter Lambin, Philippe Brown, Pieta Abolmaesumi, Purang Dou, Qi Lu, Qinghua Osuala, Richard Nakasi, Rose Zhou, S. Kevin Napel, Sandy Colantonio, Sara Albarqouni, Shadi Joshi, Smriti Carter, Stacy Klein, Stefan Petersen, Steffen E. Aussó, Susanna Awate, Suyash Raviv, Tammy Riklin Cook, Tessa Mutsvangwa, Tinashe E.M. Rogers, Wendy A. Niessen, Wiro J. Puig-Bosch, Xènia Zeng, Yi Mohammed, Yunusa G. Aquino, Yves Saint James Salahuddin, Zohaib Starmans, Martijn P.A. Department de Matemàtiques i Informàtica Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona Spain Barcelona Spain DTU Compute Technical University of Denmark Kgs Lyngby Denmark Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Faculty of Science and Technology Milton Margai Technical University Freetown Sierra Leone Center for Computational Imaging & Simulation Technologies in Biomedicine Schools of Computing and Medicine University of Leeds Leeds United Kingdom Cardiovascular Science and Electronic Engineering Departments KU Leuven Leuven Belgium Institute of History and Ethics in Medicine Technical University of Munich Munich Germany Faculty of Engineering of Systems Informatics and Sciences of Computing Galileo University Guatemala City Guatemala Department of Biostatistics and Informatics Colorado School of Public Health University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus AuroraCO United States Department of Medicine Women’s College Research Institute University of Toronto Toronto Canada Universitat Pompeu Fabra BarcelonaBeta Brain Research Center Barcelona Spain Department of Computing Imperial College London London United Kingdom School of Biomedical & Allied Health Sciences University of Ghana Accra Ghana Department of Midwifery & Radiography School of Health & Psychological Sciences City University of London United Kingdom Kathmandu Nepal European Heart Network Brussels Belgium Department of Thoracic Imaging University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston United States IBM Research Africa Nairobi Kenya Departments of Radiology Medicine and Biomedical Data Science Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford United States Institute for AI and Informatics in Medicine Klinikum rechts der Isar Technical University Munich Munich Germany Department of Computing Imperial College London London United Kingdom Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences Dar es Salaam Tanzania United Republic of Ioannina Greece Almaty AI Lab Almaty Kazakhstan

Background: Despite major advances in artificial intelligence (AI) research for healthcare, the deployment and adoption of AI technologies remain limited in clinical practice. In recent years, concerns have been raised about the clinical, technical, ethical and legal risks associated with healthcare AI. To increase adoption in the real world, it is essential that AI technologies are trusted and accepted by patients, clinicians, health organisations and authorities. This paper describes the FUTURE-AI framework as the first international consensus guideline for trustworthy AI in healthcare. Methods: The FUTURE-AI consortium was founded in 2021 and now comprises 117 interdisciplinary experts from 50 countries representing all continents, including AI scientists, clinical researchers, biomedical ethicists, and social scientists. Over a two-year period, the consortium established guiding principles and best practices for trustworthy and deployable AI through an iterative process comprising an in-depth literature review, a modified Delphi survey, and online consensus meetings. Findings: The FUTURE-AI framework was established based on six guiding principles for trustworthy AI in healthcare, i.e. Fairness, Universality, Traceability, Usability, Robustness and Explainability. Through consensus, a set of 30 best practices were defined, addressing technical, clinical, socio-ethical and legal dimensions of trustworthy AI. The recommendations cover the entire lifecycle of healthcare AI, from design, development and validation to regulation, deployment, and monitoring. Interpretation: FUTURE-AI is a structured, risk-informed framework which provides guidance for constructing healthcare AI tools that will be trusted, deployed and adopted in real-world clinical practice. Researchers are encouraged to take the recommendations into account in proof-of-concept stages to facilitate future translation towards clinical practice of healthcare AI. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights

关键词： Clinical research

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Euclid: Early Release Observations – A preview of the Euclid era through a galaxy cluster magnifying lens

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Astronomy and Astrophysics 2025年 697卷

作者： Atek, H. Gavazzi, R. Weaver, J.R. Diego, J.M. Schrabback, T. Hatch, N.A. Aghanim, N. Dole, H. Hartley, W.G. Taamoli, S. Congedo, G. Jimenez-Teja, Y. Cuillandre, J.-C. Bañados, E. Belladitta, S. Bowler, R.A.A. Franco, M. Jauzac, M. Mahler, G. Richard, J. Rocci, P.-F. Serjeant, S. Toft, S. Abriola, D. Bergamini, P. Biviano, A. Dimauro, P. Ezziati, M. Golden-Marx, J.B. Grillo, C. Hughes, A.C.N. Kang, Y. Kneib, J.-P. Lombardi, M. Mamon, G.A. McPartland, C.J.R. Meneghetti, M. Miyatake, H. Montes, M. Mortlock, D.J. Oesch, P.A. Okabe, N. Rosati, P. Taylor, A.N. Tarsitano, F. Weller, J. Kluge, M. Laureijs, R. Paltani, S. Saifollahi, T. Schirmer, M. Stone, C. Mora, A. Altieri, B. Amara, A. Andreon, S. Auricchio, N. Baldi, M. Balestra, A. Bardelli, S. Basset, A. Bender, R. Bodendorf, C. Bonino, D. Branchini, E. Brescia, M. Brinchmann, J. Camera, S. Candini, G.P. Capobianco, V. Carbone, C. Cardone, V.F. Carretero, J. Casas, S. Castander, F.J. Castellano, M. Cavuoti, S. Cimatti, A. Conselice, C.J. Conversi, L. Copin, Y. Corcione, L. Courbin, F. Courtois, H.M. Da Silva, A. Degaudenzi, H. Di Giorgio, A.M. Dinis, J. Douspis, M. Dubath, F. Dupac, X. Dusini, S. Ealet, A. Farina, M. Farrens, S. Ferriol, S. Fotopoulou, S. Frailis, M. Franceschi, E. Galeotta, S. Gillard, W. Gillis, B. Giocoli, C. Gómez-Alvarez, P. Grazian, A. Grupp, F. Guzzo, L. Hailey, M. Haugan, S.V.H. Hoar, J. Hoekstra, H. Holliman, M.S. Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris UMR 7095 CNRS Sorbonne Université 98 bis boulevard Arago Paris75014 France Aix-Marseille Université CNRS CNES LAM Marseille France Department of Astronomy University of Massachusetts AmherstMA01003 United States Instituto de Física de Cantabria Edificio Juan Jordá Avenida de los Castros Santander39005 Spain Universität Innsbruck Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik Technikerstr. 25/8 Innsbruck6020 Austria School of Physics and Astronomy University of Nottingham University Park NottinghamNG7 2RD United Kingdom Université Paris-Saclay CNRS Institut d’astrophysique spatiale Orsay91405 France Department of Astronomy University of Geneva ch. d’Ecogia 16 Versoix1290 Switzerland Physics and Astronomy Department University of California 900 University Ave. RiversideCA92521 United States Institute for Astronomy University of Edinburgh Royal Observatory Blackford Hill EdinburghEH9 3HJ United Kingdom Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía CSIC Glorieta de la Astronomía Granada18080 Spain Observatorio Nacional Rua General Jose Cristino 77-Bairro Imperial de Sao Cristovao Rio de Janeiro20921-400 Brazil Université Paris-Saclay Université Paris Cité CEA CNRS AIM Gif-sur-Yvette91191 France Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie Königstuhl 17 Heidelberg69117 Germany INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna Via Piero Gobetti 93/3 Bologna40129 Italy Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Manchester Oxford Road ManchesterM13 9PL United Kingdom The University of Texas at Austin AustinTX78712 United States Department of Physics Centre for Extragalactic Astronomy Durham University South Road DH1 3LE United Kingdom Department of Physics Institute for Computational Cosmology Durham University South Road DH1 3LE United Kingdom Astrophysics Research Centre University of KwaZulu-Natal Westville Campus Durban4041 South Africa School of

We present the first analysis of the Euclid Early Release Observations (ERO) program that targets fields around two lensing clusters, Abell 2390 and Abell 2764. We use imaging data from the Visible instrument (VIS) and the Near-Infrared Spectrometer and Photometer (NISP) to produce photometric catalogs for a total of ∼500 000 objects. The imaging data reach a typical depth of 5 σ in the range 25.1–25.4 AB in the NISP bands and 27.1–27.3 AB in the VIS band. Using the Lyman-break method in combination with photometric redshifts, we searched for high-redshift galaxies. We identified 30 Lyman-break galaxy (LBG) candidates at z > 6 and 139 extremely red sources (ERSs), most of which likely lie at lower redshift. The VIS imaging is deeper than the NISP imaging, which means that we can routinely identify high-redshift Lyman-break galaxies at about a magnitude of 3, which reduces contamination by brown dwarf stars and low-redshift galaxies. The difficulty of spatially resolving most of these sources in 0′′ . 3 pix−1 imaging means that it is difficult to distinguish between galaxies and quasars. Spectroscopic follow-up campaigns of these bright sources will help us to constrain the bright end of the ultraviolet galaxy luminosity function and the quasar luminosity function at z > 6, and it will constrain the physical nature of these objects. Additionally, we performed a combined strong- and weak-lensing analysis of A2390, and we show that Euclid will contribute to constraining the virial mass of galaxy clusters better. We also identify optical and near-infrared counterparts of known z > 0.6 clusters in these data. These counterparts exhibit strong-lensing features. This establishes that Euclid can characterize high-redshift clusters. Finally, we provide a glimpse of the ability of Euclid to map the intracluster light out to larger radii than current facilities, which enables us to understand the cluster assembly history better and to map the dark matter distribution. This ini

关键词： Moon

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Author Correction: The high-dimensional space of human diseases built from diagnosis records and mapped to genetic loci

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Nature computational science 2023年第7期3卷 658页

作者： Gengjie Jia Yu Li Xue Zhong Kanix Wang Milton Pividori Rabab Alomairy Aniello Esposito Hatem Ltaief Chikashi Terao Masato Akiyama Koichi Matsuda David E Keyes Hae Kyung Im Takashi Gojobori Yoichiro Kamatani Michiaki Kubo Nancy J Cox James Evans Xin Gao Andrey Rzhetsky Shenzhen Branch Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Shenzhen China. jiagengjie@***. Computational Bioscience Research Center King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal Saudi Arabia. Computer Science Program Computer Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal Saudi Arabia. Department of Computer Science and Engineering The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong People's Republic of China. Department of Medicine and Vanderbilt Genetics Institute Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN US. Department of Medicine Institute of Genomics and Systems Biology Committee on Genomics Genetics and Systems Biology University of Chicago Chicago IL US. Department of Operations Business Analytics and Information Systems University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH US. Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA US. Extreme Computing Research Center Computer Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal Saudi Arabia. College of Computer Science and Engineering University of Jeddah Jeddah Saudi Arabia. HPE HPC/AI EMEA Research Laboratory Bristol UK. RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences Yokohama Japan. Clinical Research Center Shizuoka General Hospital Shizuoka Japan. Department of Applied Genetics The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Shizuoka Shizuoka Japan. Department of Ophthalmology Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan. Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences Graduate School of Frontier Sciences The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan. Biological and Environmenta

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The doctor will polygraph you now

Npj health systems

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Npj health systems 2024年第1期1卷 1页

作者： James Anibal Jasmine Gunkel Shaheen Awan Hannah Huth Hang Nguyen Tram Le Jean-Christophe Bélisle-Pipon Micah Boyer Lindsey Hazen Yael Bensoussan David Clifton Bradford Wood Center for Interventional Oncology Clinical Center National Institutes of Health (NIH) Bethesda MD USA. Computational Health Informatics Lab Institute of Biomedical Engineering Department of Engineering Science University of Oxford Oxford UK. Department of Bioethics National Institutes of Health (NIH) Bethesda MD USA. Department of Communication Sciences & Disorders University of Central Florida Orlando FL USA. Global Infectious Disease Program Georgetown University Washington DC USA. College of Engineering University of South Florida Tampa FL USA. Faculty of Health Sciences Simon Fraser University Burnaby BC Canada. USF Health Voice Center Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery University of South Florida Tampa FL USA.

Artificial intelligence (AI) methods have been proposed for the prediction of social behaviors that could be reasonably understood from patient-reported information. This raises novel ethical concerns about respect, privacy, and control over patient data. Ethical concerns surrounding clinical AI systems for social behavior verification can be divided into two main categories: (1) the potential for inaccuracies/biases within such systems, and (2) the impact on trust in patient-provider relationships with the introduction of automated AI systems for "fact-checking", particularly in cases where the data/models may contradict the patient. Additionally, this report simulated the misuse of a verification system using patient voice samples and identified a potential LLM bias against patient-reported information in favor of multi-dimensional data and the outputs of other AI methods (i.e., "AI self-trust"). Finally, recommendations were presented for mitigating the risk that AI verification methods will cause harm to patients or undermine the purpose of the healthcare system.

关键词： Ethics Machine learning science, technology and society

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