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In vitro vascularized tumor platform for modeling breast tumor stromal interactions and characterizing the subsequent response

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arXiv 2018年

作者： Gadde, Manasa Sorace, Anna G. Wong, Enoch Syed, Anum Phillips, Caleb Rahal, Omar Yankeelov, Thomas E. Woodward, Wendy A. Rylander, Marissa Nichole Department of Biomedical Engineering Austin TX United States Departments of Diagnostic Medicine Austin TX United States Department of Oncology Austin TX United States Livestrong Cancer Institutes Austin TX United States Institute for Computational and Engineering Sciences Austin TX United States M. D. Anderson Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic HoustonTX United States Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology HoustonTX United States Department of Mechanical Engineering Austin TX United States

Background: Tumor stromal interactions have been shown to be the driving force behind the poor prognosis associated with aggressive breast tumors. These interactions, specifically between tumor and the surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM), and between tumor and vascular endothelial cells, promote tumor formation, angiogenesis, and metastasis to distant tissues. In this study, we develop an in vitro vascularized breast tumor platform that allows for investigation of tumor-stromal interactions in three aggressive breast tumor derived cell lines: MDA-IBC3, SUM149, and MDA-MB-231. Methods: The in vitro breast tumor platform consists of a cylindrical endothelial vessel, surrounded by a tumor cell-seeded collagen matrix allowing for direct interactions between endothelial and cancer cells. The platform recapitulates key characteristics of breast tumors, including increased vascular permeability, vessel sprouting, and ECM remodeling. Morphological and quantitative analysis reveals differential effects from each tumor cell type on endothelial coverage, permeability, expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and collagen remodeling. Results: The triple negative tumors, SUM149 and MDA-MB-321, resulted in a significantly (p Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Collagen

Reduced modeling of porous media convection in a minimal flow unit at large Rayleigh number

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arXiv 2018年

作者： Wen, Baole Chini, Gregory P. Department of Geological Sciences Jackson School of Geosciences University of Texas at Austin AustinTX78712 United States Institute of Computational Engineering and Sciences University of Texas at Austin AustinTX78712 United States Program in Integrated Applied Mathematics University of New Hampshire W113 Kingsbury Hall 33 Academic Way DurhamNH03824 United States Center for Fluid Physics University of New Hampshire DurhamNH03824 United States Department of Mechanical Engineering University of New Hampshire DurhamNH03824 United States

Direct numerical simulations (DNS) indicate that at large values of the Rayleigh number (Ra) convection in porous media self-organizes into narrowly-spaced columnar flows, with more complex spatiotemporal features being confined to boundary layers near the top and bottom walls. In this investigation of high-Ra porous media convection in a minimal flow unit, two reduced modeling strategies are proposed that exploit these specific flow characteristics. Both approaches utilize the idea of decomposition since the flow exhibits different dynamics in different regions of the domain: small-scale cellular motions generally are localized within the thermal and vorticity boundary layers near the upper and lower walls, while in the interior, the flow exhibits persistent large-scale structures and only a few low (horizontal) wavenumber Fourier modes are active. Accordingly, in the first strategy, the domain is decomposed into two near-wall regions and one interior region. Our results confirm that suppressing the interior high-wavenumber modes has negligible impact on the essential structural features and transport properties of the flow. In the second strategy, a hybrid reduced model is constructed by using Galerkin projection onto a fully a priori eigenbasis drawn from energy stability and upper bound theory, thereby extending the model reduction strategy developed by Chini et al. (Physica D, vol. 240, 2011, pp. 241-248) to large Ra. The results indicate that the near-wall upper-bound eigenmodes can economically represent the small-scale rolls within the exquisitely-thin thermal boundary layers. Relative to DNS, the hybrid algorithm enables over an order-of-magnitude increase in computational efficiency with only a modest loss of accuracy. Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Porous materials

Correction: Measurement and models accounting for cell death capture hidden variation in compound response

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Cell death & disease 2020年第8期11卷 699页

作者： Song Yi Bae Ning Guan Rui Yan Katrina Warner Scott D Taylor Aaron S Meyer Department of Pharmacology University of Minnesota-Twin Cities Minneapolis MN USA. Department of Biological Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USA. Institute for Computational and Mathematical Engineering Stanford University Stanford CA USA. Biological and Biomedical Sciences Program Harvard University Cambridge MA USA. Department of Bioengineering University of California Los Angeles CA USA. Department of Bioengineering University of California Los Angeles CA USA. a@***. Department of Bioinformatics University of California Los Angeles CA USA. a@***. Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center University of California Los Angeles CA USA. a@***. Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research University of California Los Angeles CA USA. a@***.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

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Novel type of ferroelectricity in brownmillerite structures: A first-principles study

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Physical Review Materials 2018年第8期2卷 084402-084402页

作者： Hao Tian Xiao-Yu Kuang Ai-Jie Mao Yurong Yang Hongjun Xiang Changsong Xu S. Omid Sayedaghaee Jorge Íñiguez L. Bellaiche Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China Physics Department and Institute for Nanoscience and Engineering University of Arkansas Fayetteville Arkansas 72701 USA National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures College of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China Department of Physics Key Laboratory of Computational Physical Sciences (Ministry of Education) State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China Microelectronics-Photonics Program and Physics Department University of Arkansas Fayetteville Arkansas 72701 USA Materials Research and Technology Department Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST) 5 Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux L-4362 Esch/Alzette Luxembourg

First-principles calculations are conducted on two magnetic brownmillerites, namely, Ca2Co2O5 and Sr2Co2O5. Both systems possess a previously overlooked polar Pmc21 phase that is low in energy. This ferroelectric state is even predicted to be the ground state of Sr2Co2O5, which therefore renders such material multiferroic. Strikingly, the ferroelectricity associated with this Pmc21 phase involves an original energetic coupling that is linear in the polar mode, quadratic in another distortion, and linear in a third mode. Such ferroelectricity is therefore of a novel type, since it differs from previously reported proper, improper, hybrid improper, and triggered kinds of ferroelectricity.

关键词： Defects Ferroelectricity First-principles calculations Crystal structures Multiferroics Oxides Density functional theory

The IBEX Knowledge-Base: Achieving more together with open science

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Radtke, Andrea J. Anidi, Ifeanyichukwu Arakkal, Leanne Arroyo-Mejias, Armando Beuschel, Rebecca T. Börner, Katy Chu, Colin J. Clark, Beatrice Clatworthy, Menna R. Colautti, Jake Croteau, Joshua Denha, Saven Dever, Rose Dutra, Walderez O. Fritzsche, Sonja Fullam, Spencer Gerner, Michael Y. Gola, Anita Gollob, Kenneth J. Hernandez, Jonathan M. Hor, Jyh Liang Ichise, Hiroshi Jing, Zhixin Jonigk, Danny Kandov, Evelyn Kastenmüller, Wolfgang Koenig, Joshua F.E. Kothurkar, Aanandita Kreins, Alexandra Y. Lamborn, Ian Lin, Yuri Morais, Katia Luciano Pereira Lunich, Aleksandra Luz, Jean C.S. MacDonald, Ryan B. Makranz, Chen Maltez, Vivien I. Moriaty, Ryan V. Ocampo-Godinez, Juan M. Olyntho, Vitoria M. Padhan, Kartika Remmert, Kirsten Richoz, Nathan Schrom, Edward C. Shang, Wanjing Shi, Lihong Shih, Rochelle M. Speranza, Emily Stierli, Salome Teichmann, Sarah A. Veres, Tibor Z. Vierhout, Megan Wachter, Brianna T. Wade-Vallance, Adam K. Williams, Margaret Zangger, Nathan Germain, Ronald N. Yaniv, Ziv Lymphocyte Biology Section Center for Advanced Tissue Imaging Laboratory of Immune System Biology National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases National Institutes of Health BethesdaMD United States Critical Care Medicine and Pulmonary Branch National Heart Lung and Blood Institute National Institutes of Health BethesdaMD United States Lymphocyte Biology Section Laboratory of Immune System Biology National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases National Institutes of Health BethesdaMD United States Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering Indiana University BloomingtonIN United States UCL Institute of Ophthalmology NIHR Moorfields Biomedical Research Centre London United Kingdom Cambridge Institute for Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Diseases University of Cambridge Department of Medicine Molecular Immunity Unit Laboratory of Molecular Biology Cambridge United Kingdom McMaster Immunology Research Centre Schroeder Allergy and Immunology Research Institute Department of Medicine Faculty of Health Sciences McMaster University HamiltonON Canada Department of Business Development BioLegend Inc. San DiegoCA United States Functional Immunogenomics Unit National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases National Institutes of Health BethesdaMD United States Laboratory of Cell-Cell Interactions Department of Morphology Institute of Biological Sciences Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais MG Belo Horizonte Brazil Spatial Proteomics Group Berlin Germany Division of Rheumatology Rush University Medical Center ChicagoIL United States Department of Immunology University of Washington School of Medicine SeattleWA United States Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development The Rockefeller University New YorkNY United States Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein SP Sao Paulo Brazil Surgical Oncology Program National Cancer Institute National Institutes of Health BethesdaMD United St

Iterative Bleaching Extends multipleXity (IBEX) is a versatile method for highly multiplexed imaging of diverse tissues. Based on open science principles, we created the IBEX Knowledge-Base, a resource for reagents, p... 详细信息

关键词： Cleaning

Publisher Correction: Integrating yeast chemical genomics and mammalian cell pathway analysis

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Acta pharmacologica Sinica 2020年第5期41卷 729页

作者： Fu-Lai Zhou Sheena C Li Yue Zhu Wan-Jing Guo Li-Jun Shao Justin Nelson Scott Simpkins De-Hua Yang Qing Liu Yoko Yashiroda Jin-Biao Xu Yao-Yue Fan Jian-Min Yue Minoru Yoshida Tian Xia Chad L Myers Charles Boone Ming-Wei Wang The National Center for Drug Screening and the CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Shanghai 201203 China. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China. RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science Wako Saitama 3510198 Japan. Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program University of Minnesota-Twin Cities Minneapolis Minnesota 55455 USA. The State Key Laboratory of Drug Research Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201203 China. Department of Biology The University of Tokyo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 1138657 Japan. Collaborative Research for Innovative Microbiology The University of Tokyo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 1138657 Japan. Department of Electronics and Information Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 China. Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program University of Minnesota-Twin Cities Minneapolis Minnesota 55455 USA. chadm@umn.edu. RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science Wako Saitama 3510198 Japan. charlie.boone@utoronto.ca. Donnelly Centre and Department of Molecular Genetics University of Toronto Ontario M5S 3E1 Canada. charlie.boone@utoronto.ca. The National Center for Drug Screening and the CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Shanghai 201203 China. mwwang@***. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China. mwwang@***.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

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Subnational mapping of HIV incidence and mortality among individuals aged 15–49 years in sub-Saharan Africa, 2000–18: a modelling study

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The Lancet HIV 2021年第6期8卷 e363-e375页

作者： Sartorius, Benn VanderHeide, John D. Yang, Mingyou Goosmann, Erik A. Hon, Julia Haeuser, Emily Cork, Michael A. Perkins, Samantha Jahagirdar, Deepa Schaeffer, Lauren E. Serfes, Audrey L. LeGrand, Kate E. Abbastabar, Hedayat Abebo, Zeleke Hailemariam Abosetugn, Akine Eshete Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Accrombessi, Manfred Mario Kokou Adebayo, Oladimeji M. Adegbosin, Adeyinka Emmanuel Adekanmbi, Victor Adetokunboh, Olatunji O. Adeyinka, Daniel Adedayo Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku Ahmadi, Keivan Ahmed, Muktar Beshir Akalu, Yonas Akinyemi, Oluwaseun Oladapo Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola Aklilu, Addis Akunna, Chisom Joyqueenet Alahdab, Fares Al-Aly, Ziyad Alam, Noore Alamneh, Alehegn Aderaw Alanzi, Turki M. Alemu, Biresaw Wassihun Alhassan, Robert Kaba Ali, Tilahun Alipour, Vahid Amini, Saeed Ancuceanu, Robert Ansari, Fereshteh Anteneh, Zelalem Alamrew Anvari, Davood Anwer, Razique Appiah, Seth Christopher Yaw Arabloo, Jalal Asemahagn, Mulusew A. Asghari Jafarabadi, Mohammad Asmare, Wondwossen Niguse Atnafu, Desta Debalkie Atout, Maha Moh'd Wahbi Atreya, Alok Ausloos, Marcel Awedew, Atalel Fentahun Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayanore, Martin Amogre Aynalem, Yared Asmare Ayza, Muluken Altaye Azari, Samad Azene, Zelalem Nigussie Babar, Zaheer-Ud-Din Baig, Atif Amin Balakrishnan, Senthilkumar Banach, Maciej Bärnighausen, Till Winfried Basu, Sanjay Bayati, Mohsen Bedi, Neeraj Bekuma, Tariku Tesfaye Bezabhe, Woldesellassie M. Mequanint Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhattacharyya, Krittika Bhutta, Zulfiqar A. Bibi, Sadia Bikbov, Boris Birhan, Tsegaye Adane Bitew, Zebenay Workneh Bockarie, Moses John Boloor, Archith Brady, Oliver J. Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi Briko, Andrey Nikolaevich Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich Burugina Nagaraja, Sharath Butt, Zahid A. Cárdenas, Rosario Carvalho, Felix Charan, Jaykaran Chatterjee, Souranshu Chattu, Soosanna Kumary Chattu, Vijay Kumar Chowdhury, Mohiuddin Ahsanul Kabir Chu, Dinh-Toi Cook, Aubrey J. Cormier, Natalie Maria Cowden, Richard G. Culquichicon, Carlos Dagnew, Baye Dahlawi, Saad M.A. D Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health Nuffield Department of Medicine University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom Malaria Atlas Project University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom The George Institute for Global Health University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Global Health University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Insights Program Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation Seattle WA United States Global Programs Medical Teams International Seattle WA United States Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston MA United States Advanced Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Multiple Sclerosis Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Pediatric Chronic Kidney Disease Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Environmental Health Engineering Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Research Center for Immunodeficiencies Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Public Health Arba Minch University Arba Minch Ethiopia Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences Arba Minch University Arba Minch Ethiopia College of Medicine and Health Science Arba Minch University Arba Minch Ethiopia Department of Nursing Arba Minch University Arba Minch Ethiopia Department of Biomedical Sciences Arba Minch University Arba Minch Ethiopia Department of Public Health Debre Berhan University Debre Brehan

Background: High-resolution estimates of HIV burden across space and time provide an important tool for tracking and monitoring the progress of prevention and control efforts and assist with improving the precision and efficiency of targeting efforts. We aimed to assess HIV incidence and HIV mortality for all second-level administrative units across sub-Saharan Africa. Methods: In this modelling study, we developed a framework that used the geographically specific HIV prevalence data collected in seroprevalence surveys and antenatal care clinics to train a model that estimates HIV incidence and mortality among individuals aged 15–49 years. We used a model-based geostatistical framework to estimate HIV prevalence at the second administrative level in 44 countries in sub-Saharan Africa for 2000–18 and sought data on the number of individuals on antiretroviral therapy (ART) by second-level administrative unit. We then modified the Estimation and Projection Package (EPP) to use these HIV prevalence and treatment estimates to estimate HIV incidence and mortality by second-level administrative unit. Findings: The estimates suggest substantial variation in HIV incidence and mortality rates both between and within countries in sub-Saharan Africa, with 15 countries having a ten-times or greater difference in estimated HIV incidence between the second-level administrative units with the lowest and highest estimated incidence levels. Across all 44 countries in 2018, HIV incidence ranged from 2·8 (95% uncertainty interval 2·1–3·8) in Mauritania to 1585·9 (1369·4–1824·8) cases per 100 000 people in Lesotho and HIV mortality ranged from 0·8 (0·7–0·9) in Mauritania to 676·5 (513·6–888·0) deaths per 100 000 people in Lesotho. Variation in both incidence and mortality was substantially greater at the subnational level than at the national level and the highest estimated rates were accordingly higher. Among second-level administrative units, Guijá District, Gaza Province, Mozambique,

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A Tale of Three: Magnetic Fields along the Orion Integral-shaped Filament as Revealed by the JCMT BISTRO Survey

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Astrophysical Journal Letters 2024年第2期977卷 L31-L31页

作者： Wu, Jintai Qiu, Keping Poidevin, Frédérick Bastien, Pierre Liu, Junhao Ching, Tao-Chung Bourke, Tyler L. Ward-Thompson, Derek Pattle, Kate Johnstone, Doug Koch, Patrick M. Arzoumanian, Doris Lee, Chang Won Fanciullo, Lapo Onaka, Takashi Hwang, Jihye Le Gouellec, Valentin J.M. Soam, Archana Tamura, Motohide Tahani, Mehrnoosh Eswaraiah, Chakali Li, Hua-Bai Berry, David Furuya, Ray S. Coudé, Simon Kwon, Woojin Lin, Sheng-Jun Wang, Jia-Wei Hasegawa, Tetsuo Lai, Shih-Ping Byun, Do-Young Chen, Zhiwei Chen, Huei-Ru Vivien Chen, Wen Ping Chen, Mike Cho, Jungyeon Choi, Youngwoo Choi, Yunhee Choi, Minho Chrysostomou, Antonio Chung, Eun Jung Dai, Sophia Di Francesco, James Diep, Pham Ngoc Doi, Yasuo Duan, Hao-Yuan Duan, Yan Eden, David Fiege, Jason Fissel, Laura M. Franzmann, Erica Friberg, Per Friesen, Rachel Fuller, Gary Gledhill, Tim Graves, Sarah Greaves, Jane Griffin, Matt Gu, Qilao Han, Ilseung Hayashi, Saeko Hoang, Thiem Houde, Martin Inoue, Tsuyoshi Inutsuka, Shu-Ichiro Iwasaki, Kazunari Jeong, Il-Gyo Könyves, Vera Kang, Ji-Hyun Kang, Miju Karoly, Janik Kataoka, Akimasa Kawabata, Koji Kim, Shinyoung Kim, Mi-Ryang Kim, Kyoung Hee Kim, Kee-Tae Kim, Jongsoo Kim, Hyosung Kim, Gwanjeong Kirchschlager, Florian Kirk, Jason Kobayashi, Masato I.N. Kusune, Takayoshi Kwon, Jungmi Lacaille, Kevin Law, Chi-Yan Lee, Hyeseung Lee, Chin-Fei Lee, Sang-Sung Lee, Jeong-Eun Li, Dalei Li, Di Li, Guangxing Liu, Sheng-Yuan Liu, Tie Liu, Hong-Li Lu, Xing Lyo, A-Ran Mairs, Steve Matsumura, Masafumi Matthews, Brenda Moriarty-Schieven, Gerald Nagata, Tetsuya Nakamura, Fumitaka Nakanishi, Hiroyuki Ngoc, Nguyen Bich Ohashi, Nagayoshi Park, Geumsook Parsons, Harriet Peretto, Nicolas Priestley, Felix Pyo, Tae-Soo Qian, Lei Rao, Ramprasad Rawlings, Jonathan Rawlings, Mark Retter, Brendan Richer, John Rigby, Andrew Sadavoy, Sarah Saito, Hiro Savini, Giorgio Seta, Masumichi Sharma, Ekta Shimajiri, Yoshito Shinnaga, Hiroko Tang, Ya-Wen Tang, Xindi Thuong, Hoang Duc Tomisaka, Kohji Tram, Le Ngoc Tsukamoto, Yusuke Viti, Serena Wang, Hongchi Whitworth, School of Astronomy and Space Science Nanjing University 163 Xianlin Avenue Nanjing 210023 China Key Laboratory of Modern Astronomy and Astrophysics Nanjing University Ministry of Education Nanjing 210023 China Instituto de Astrofisíca de Canarias La Laguna Canary Islands Tenerife E-38205 Spain Universidad de La Laguna Dpto. Astrofísica La Laguna Tenerife E-38206 Spain Centre de Recherche en Astrophysique du Québec Département de Physique Université de Montréal 1375 Avenue Thérèse-Lavoie-Roux Montréal H2V OB3 QC Canada Division of ALMA National Astronomical Observatory of Japan Mitaka Tokyo 181-8588 Japan National Radio Astronomy Observatory 1003 Lopezville Road Socorro 87801 NM United States SKA Observatory Jodrell Bank Lower Withington Macclesfield SK11 9FT United Kingdom Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics School of Physics and Astronomy University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL United Kingdom Jeremiah Horrocks Institute University of Central Lancashire Preston PR1 2HE United Kingdom Department of Physics and Astronomy University College London Gower Street London WC1E 6BT United Kingdom NRC Herzberg Astronomy and Astrophysics 5071 West Saanich Road Victoria V9E 2E7 BC Canada Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Victoria Victoria V8W 2Y2 BC Canada Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics No.1 Sec. 4. Roosevelt Road Taipei 10617 Taiwan Division of Science National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka Tokyo 181-8588 Japan Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute 776 Daedeokdae-ro Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34055 South Korea University of Science and Technology 217 Gajeong-ro Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34113 South Korea National Chung Hsing University 145 Xingda Road South District Taichung City 402 Taiwan Department of Astronomy Graduate School of Science The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan NASA Ames Research Center Space Science and

As part of the B-fields In Star-forming Region Observations survey, we present James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT) 850 μm polarimetric observations toward the Orion integral-shaped filament (ISF) that covers three portions known as OMC-1, OMC-2, and OMC-3. The magnetic field threading the ISF seen in the JCMT POL-2 map appears as a tale of three: pinched for OMC-1, twisted for OMC-2, and nearly uniform for OMC-3. A multiscale analysis shows that the magnetic field structure in OMC-3 is very consistent at all the scales, whereas the field structure in OMC-2 shows no correlation across different scales. In OMC-1, the field retains its mean orientation from large to small scales but shows some deviations at small scales. Histograms of relative orientations between the magnetic field and filaments reveal a bimodal distribution for OMC-1, a relatively random distribution for OMC-2, and a distribution with a predominant peak at 90^o for OMC-3. Furthermore, the magnetic fields in OMC-1 and OMC-3 both appear to be aligned perpendicular to the fibers, which are denser structures within the filament, but the field in OMC-2 is aligned along with the fibers. All these suggest that gravity, turbulence, and magnetic field are each playing a leading role in OMC-1, 2, and 3, respectively. While OMC-2 and 3 have almost the same gas mass, density, and nonthermal velocity dispersion, there are on average younger and fewer young stellar objects in OMC-3, providing evidence that a stronger magnetic field will induce slower and less efficient star formation in molecular clouds. © 2024. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.

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Beyond Low Earth Orbit: Biological Research, Artificial Intelligence, and Self-Driving Labs

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Sanders, Lauren M. Yang, Jason H. Scott, Ryan T. Qutub, Amina Ann Martin, Hector Garcia Berrios, Daniel C. Hastings, Jaden J.A. Rask, Jon Mackintosh, Graham Hoarfrost, Adrienne L. Chalk, Stuart Kalantari, John Khezeli, Kia Antonsen, Erik L. Babdor, Joel Barker, Richard Baranzini, Sergio E. Beheshti, Afshin Delgado-Aparicio, Guillermo M. Glicksberg, Benjamin S. Greene, Casey S. Haendel, Melissa Hamid, Arif A. Heller, Philip Jamieson, Daniel Jarvis, Katelyn J. Komarova, Svetlana V. Komorowski, Matthieu Kothiyal, Prachi Mahabal, Ashish Manor, Uri Mason, Christopher E. Matar, Mona Mias, George I. Miller, Jack Myers, Jerry G. Nelson, Charlotte Oribello, Jonathan Park, Seung-Min Parsons-Wingerter, Patricia Prabhu, R.K. Reynolds, Robert J. Saravia-Butler, Amanda Saria, Suchi Sawyer, Aenor Singh, Nitin Kumar Soboczenski, Frank Snyder, Michael Soman, Karthik Theriot, Corey A. van Valen, David Venkateswaran, Kasthuri Warren, Liz Worthey, Liz Zitnik, Marinka Costes, Sylvain V. Blue Marble Space Institute of Science Space Biosciences Division NASA Ames Research Center Moffett Field CA94035 United States Center for Emerging and Re-Emerging Pathogens Department of Microbiology Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Rutgers New Jersey Medical School NewarkNJ07103 United States KBR Space Biosciences Division NASA Ames Research Center Moffett Field CA94035 United States AI MATRIX Consortium Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Texas San Antonio and UT Health Sciences San AntonioTX78249 United States Biological Systems and Engineering Division Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. BerkeleyCA94608 United States DOE Agile BioFoundry EmeryvilleCA94608 United States Joint BioEnergy Institute EmeryvilleCA94608 United States Department of Physiology and Biophysics Weill Cornell Medicine New YorkNY10065 United States Office of the Center Director NASA Ames Research Center Moffett Field CA94035 United States Bay Area Environmental Research Institute NASA Ames Research Center Moffett Field CA94035 United States Space Biosciences Division NASA Ames Research Center Moffett Field CA94035 United States Department of Chemistry University of North Florida JacksonvilleFL32224 United States Center for Individualized Medicine Department of Surgery Department of Quantitative Health Sciences Mayo Clinic RochesterMN55905 United States Department of Emergency Medicine Center for Space Medicine Baylor College of Medicine HoustonTX77030 United States Department of Microbiology and Immunology Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery University of California San Francisco San FranciscoCA94143 United States The Gilroy AstroBiology Research Group The University of Wisconsin - Madison MadisonWI53706 United States Weill Institute for Neurosciences Department of Neurology University of California San Francisco San FranciscoCA94158 United States Data Science Analytics Georgia Institute of Technology Lima15024

Space biology research aims to understand fundamental effects of spaceflight on organisms, develop foundational knowledge to support deep space exploration, and ultimately bioengineer spacecraft and habitats to stabilize the ecosystem of plants, crops, microbes, animals, and humans for sustained multi-planetary life. To advance these aims, the field leverages experiments, platforms, data, and model organisms from both spaceborne and ground-analog studies. As research is extended beyond low Earth orbit, experiments and platforms must be maximally autonomous, light, agile, and intelligent to expedite knowledge discovery. Here we present a summary of recommendations from a workshop organized by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration on artificial intelligence, machine learning, and modeling applications which offer key solutions toward these space biology challenges. In the next decade, the synthesis of artificial intelligence into the field of space biology will deepen the biological understanding of spaceflight effects, facilitate predictive modeling and analytics, support maximally autonomous and reproducible experiments, and efficiently manage spaceborne data and metadata, all with the goal to enable life to thrive in deep space. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Predictive analytics