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Time-stepping approach for solving upper-bound problems: Application to two-dimensional Rayleigh-Bénard convection

Physical Review E 2015年第4期92卷 043012-043012页

作者： Baole Wen Gregory P. Chini Rich R. Kerswell Charles R. Doering Program in Integrated Applied Mathematics University of New Hampshire Durham New Hampshire 03824 USA Center for Fluid Physics University of New Hampshire Durham New Hampshire 03824 USA The Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences The University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas 78712 USA Department of Mechanical Engineering University of New Hampshire Durham New Hampshire 03824 USA School of Mathematics University of Bristol University Walk Bristol BS8 1TW United Kingdom Department of Physics University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan 48109-1040 USA Department of Mathematics University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan 48109-1043 USA Center for the Study of Complex Systems University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan 48109-1107 USA

An alternative computational procedure for numerically solving a class of variational problems arising from rigorous upper-bound analysis of forced-dissipative infinite-dimensional nonlinear dynamical systems, including the Navier-Stokes and Oberbeck-Boussinesq equations, is analyzed and applied to Rayleigh-Bénard convection. A proof that the only steady state to which this numerical algorithm can converge is the required global optimal of the relevant variational problem is given for three canonical flow configurations. In contrast with most other numerical schemes for computing the optimal bounds on transported quantities (e.g., heat or momentum) within the “background field” variational framework, which employ variants of Newton's method and hence require very accurate initial iterates, the new computational method is easy to implement and, crucially, does not require numerical continuation. The algorithm is used to determine the optimal background-method bound on the heat transport enhancement factor, i.e., the Nusselt number (Nu), as a function of the Rayleigh number (Ra), Prandtl number (Pr), and domain aspect ratio L in two-dimensional Rayleigh-Bénard convection between stress-free isothermal boundaries (Rayleigh's original 1916 model of convection). The result of the computation is significant because analyses, laboratory experiments, and numerical simulations have suggested a range of exponents α and β in the presumed Nu∼PrαRaβ scaling relation. The computations clearly show that for Ra≤1010 at fixed L=22,Nu≤0.106Pr0Ra5/12, which indicates that molecular transport cannot generally be neglected in the “ultimate” high-Ra regime.

关键词： RAYLEIGH-Benard convection RESEARCH BOUNDS (Mathematics) CONVECTIVE flow (Fluid dynamics) NATURAL heat convection NUSSELT number

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Comparison of Steady-State Visual and Somatosensory Evoked Potentials for Brain-Computer Interface Control

Comparison of Steady-State Visual and Somatosensory Evoked P...

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Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society

作者： Dante J. Smith Lenny A. Varghese Cara E. Stepp Frank H. Guenther Graduate Program for Neuroscience Center for Computational Neuroscience and Neural Technology Boston University Departments of Speech Language and Hearing Sciences and Biomedical Engineering Boston University

ISBN: (纸本)9781424479276

Many proposed EEG-based brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) make use of visual stimuli to elicit steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEP), the frequency of which can be mapped to a computer input. However, such a control scheme can be ineffective if a user has no motor control over their eyes and cannot direct their gaze towards a flashing stimulus to generate such a signal. Tactile-based methods, such as somatosensory steady-state evoked potentials (SSSEP), are a potentially attractive alternative in these scenarios. Here, we compare the neural signals elicited by SSSEP to those elicited by SSVEP in naive BCI users towards evaluating the feasibility of SSSEP-based control of an EEG BCI.

关键词： Visualization Electroencephalography Frequency modulation Signal to noise ratio Steady-state Vibrations Electrodes

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Discrete vs. continuous surface electromyographic interface control

Discrete vs. continuous surface electromyographic interface ...

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Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society

作者： Meredith J. Cler Carolyn M. Michener Cara E. Stepp Graduate Program for Neuroscience-Computational Neuroscience Boston University Department of Speech Language and Hearing Sciences Boston University Departments of Speech Language and Hearing Sciences and Biomedical Engineering Boston University

ISBN: (纸本)9781424479276

Over 50% of the 273,000 individuals with spinal cord injuries in the US have cervical injuries and are therefore unable to operate a keyboard and mouse with their hands. In this experiment, we compared two systems using surface electromyography (sEMG) recorded from facial muscles to control an onscreen keyboard. Both systems used five sEMG sensors to capture muscle activity during five distinct facial gestures that then mapped to five cursor commands: move left, move right, move up, move down, and click. One system used a discrete movement and feedback algorithm, in which the user would make one quick facial gesture, causing a corresponding discrete movement to an adjacent button. The other system was continuously updated and allowed the user to move in any 360° direction smoothly. Information transfer rates (ITRs) in bits per minute were high for both systems. Users of the continuous system showed significantly higher ITRs (average of 68.5;p < 0.02) compared to users of the discrete system (average of 54.3 bits/min).

关键词： Electrodes Muscles Calibration Spinal cord injury Keyboards Speech Electromyography

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Surface electromyographic control of speech synthesis

Surface electromyographic control of speech synthesis

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Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society

作者： Meredith J. Cler Alfonso Nieto-Castanon Frank H. Guenther Cara E. Stepp Graduate Program for Neuroscience-Computational Neuroscience Boston University Department of Speech Language and Hearing Sciences Boston University Departments of Speech Language and Hearing Sciences and Biomedical Engineering Boston University

ISBN: (纸本)9781424479276

Individuals with very high spinal cord injuries (e.g. C1-C3) may be ventilator-dependent and therefore unable to support speech breathing. However, their facial musculature is intact, given that these muscles are innervated by cranial nerves. We developed a system using surface electromyography (sEMG) recorded from facial muscles to control a phonemic interface and voice synthesizer and tested the system in healthy individuals. Users were able to use five facial gestures to control an onscreen cursor and the phonemic interface. Users had mean information transfer rates (ITRs) of 59.5 bits/min when calculating ITRs using the number of phonemes selected. To compare with orthographic systems, ITRs were also calculated using the equivalent number of letters required to spell the selected word. With this calculation, users had a mean ITR of 70.1. Results are promising for further development and testing in individuals with high spinal cord injuries.

关键词： Muscles Speech Electrodes Mice Spinal cord injury Educational institutions Training

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Association between GWAS-identified lung adenocarcinoma susceptibility loci and EGFR mutations in never-smoking Asian women, and comparison with findings from Western populations

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Human molecular genetics 2017年第2期26卷 454-465页

作者： Wei Jie Seow Keitaro Matsuo Chao Agnes Hsiung Kouya Shiraishi Minsun Song Hee Nam Kim Maria Pik Wong Yun-Chul Hong H Dean Hosgood Zhaoming Wang I-Shou Chang Jiu-Cun Wang Nilanjan Chatterjee Margaret Tucker Hu Wei Tetsuya Mitsudomi Wei Zheng Jin Hee Kim Baosen Zhou Neil E Caporaso Demetrius Albanes Min-Ho Shin Lap Ping Chung She-Juan An Ping Wang Hong Zheng Yasushi Yatabe Xu-Chao Zhang Young Tae Kim Xiao-Ou Shu Young-Chul Kim Bryan A Bassig Jiang Chang James Chung Man Ho Bu-Tian Ji Michiaki Kubo Yataro Daigo Hidemi Ito Yukihide Momozawa Kyota Ashikawa Yoichiro Kamatani Takayuki Honda Hiromi Sakamoto Hideo Kunitoh Koji Tsuta Shun-Ichi Watanabe Hiroshi Nokihara Yohei Miyagi Haruhiko Nakayama Shingo Matsumoto Masahiro Tsuboi Koichi Goto Zhihua Yin Jianxin Shi Atsushi Takahashi Akiteru Goto Yoshihiro Minamiya Kimihiro Shimizu Kazumi Tanaka Tangchun Wu Fusheng Wei Jason Y Y Wong Fumihiko Matsuda Jian Su Yeul Hong Kim In-Jae Oh Fengju Song Victor Ho Fun Lee Wu-Chou Su Yuh-Min Chen Gee-Chen Chang Kuan-Yu Chen Ming-Shyan Huang Pan-Chyr Yang Hsien-Chih Lin Yong-Bing Xiang Adeline Seow Jae Yong Park Sun-Seog Kweon Chien-Jen Chen Haixin Li Yu-Tang Gao Chen Wu Biyun Qian Daru Lu Jianjun Liu Hyo-Sung Jeon Chin-Fu Hsiao Jae Sook Sung Ying-Huang Tsai Yoo Jin Jung Huan Guo Zhibin Hu Wen-Chang Wang Charles C Chung Charles Lawrence Laurie Burdett Meredith Yeager Kevin B Jacobs Amy Hutchinson Sonja I Berndt Xingzhou He Wei Wu Junwen Wang Yuqing Li Jin Eun Choi Kyong Hwa Park Sook Whan Sung Li Liu Chang Hyun Kang Lingmin Hu Chung-Hsing Chen Tsung-Ying Yang Jun Xu Peng Guan Wen Tan Chih-Liang Wang Alan Dart Loon Sihoe Ying Chen Yi Young Choi Jen-Yu Hung Jun Suk Kim Ho-Il Yoon Qiuyin Cai Chien-Chung Lin In Kyu Park Ping Xu Jing Dong Christopher Kim Qincheng He Reury-Perng Perng Chih-Yi Chen Roel Vermeulen Junjie Wu Wei-Yen Lim Kun-Chieh Chen John K C Chan Minjie Chu Yao-Jen Li Jihua Li Hongyan Chen Chong-Jen Yu Li Jin Yen-Li Lo Ying-Hsiang Chen Joseph F Fraumeni Jie Liu Taiki Yamaji Yang Yang Belynda Hicks Kathleen Wyatt Shengchao A Li Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics National Cancer Institute Bethesda MD USA. Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health National University of Singapore and National University Health System Singapore. Division of Molecular Medicine Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute Nagoya Japan. Institute of Population Health Sciences National Health Research Institutes Zhunan Taiwan. Division of Genome Biology National Cancer Center Research Institute Tokyo Japan. Department of Statistics Sookmyung Women's University Seoul Republic of Korea. Department of Preventive Medicine Chonnam National University Medical School Gwangju Republic of Korea. Department of Pathology The University of Hong Kong Queen Mary Hospital Hong Kong. Department of Preventive Medicine Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul Republic of Korea. Department of Epidemiology and Population Health Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx NY USA. Department of Computational Biology St. Jude Children's Research Hospital Memphis TN 38105 USA. National Institute of Cancer Research National Health Research Institutes Zhunan Taiwan. Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology School of Life Sciences Fudan University Shanghai People's Republic of China. State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering School of Life Sciences Fudan University Shanghai People's Republic of China. Division of Thoracic Surgery Kinki University School of Medicine Sayama Japan. Division of Epidemiology Department of Medicine Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center Nashville TN USA. Department of Integrative Bioscience & Biotechnology Sejong University Seoul Republic of Korea. Department of Epidemiology School of Public Health China Medical University Shenyang People's Republic of China. Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute Medical Research Center and Cancer Center of Guangdong General Hospital Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences Guangzhou People's Republic

To evaluate associations by EGFR mutation status for lung adenocarcinoma risk among never-smoking Asian women, we conducted a meta-analysis of 11 loci previously identified in genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Genotyping in an additional 10,780 never-smoking cases and 10,938 never-smoking controls from Asia confirmed associations with eight known single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Two new signals were observed at genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10-8), namely, rs7216064 (17q24.3, BPTF), for overall lung adenocarcinoma risk, and rs3817963 (6p21.3, BTNL2) which is specific to cases with EGFR mutations. In further sub-analyses by EGFR status, rs9387478 (ROS1/DCBLD1) and rs2179920 (HLA-DPB1) showed stronger estimated associations in EGFR-positive compared to EGFR-negative cases. Comparison of the overall associations with published results in Western populations revealed that the majority of these findings were distinct, underscoring the importance of distinct contributing factors for smoking and non-smoking lung cancer. Our results extend the catalogue of regions associated with lung adenocarcinoma in non-smoking Asian women and highlight the importance of how the germline could inform risk for specific tumour mutation patterns, which could have important translational implications.

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Abstracts from the 8th International Conference on cGMP Generators, Effectors and Therapeutic Implications : Bamberg, Germany. 23-25 June, 2017

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BMC pharmacology & toxicology 2017年第SUPPL 1期18卷 64-64页

作者： Todd Milne, G. Sandner, Peter Lincoln, Kathleen A. Harrison, Paul C. Chen, Hongxing Wang, Hong Clifford, Holly Qian, Hu Sheng Wong, Diane Sarko, Chris Fryer, Ryan Richman, Jeremy Reinhart, Glenn A. Boustany, Carine M. Pullen, Steven S. Andresen, Henriette Moltzau, Lise Román Cataliotti, Alessandro Levy, Finn Olav Lukowski, Robert Frankenreiter, Sandra Friebe, Andreas Calamaras, Timothy Baumgartner, Robert McLaughlin, Angela Aronovitz, Mark Baur, Wendy Wang, Guang-Rong Kapur, Navin Karas, Richard Blanton, Robert Hell, Stefan Waldman, Scott A. Lin, Jieru E. Colon-Gonzalez, Francheska Kim, Gilbert W. Blomain, Erik S. Merlino, Dante Snook, Adam Erdmann, Jeanette Wobst, Jana Kessler, Thorsten Schunkert, Heribert Walter, Ulrich Pagel, Oliver Walter, Elena Gambaryan, Stepan Smolenski, Albert Jurk, Kerstin Zahedi, Rene Klinger, James R. Benza, Raymond L. Corris, Paul A. Langleben, David Naeije, Robert Simonneau, Gérald Meier, Christian Colorado, Pablo Chang, Mi Kyung Busse, Dennis Hoeper, Marius M. Masferrer, Jaime L. Jacobson, Sarah Liu, Guang Sarno, Renee Bernier, Sylvie Zhang, Ping Flores-Costa, Roger Currie, Mark Hall, Katherine Möhrle, Dorit Reimann, Katrin Wolter, Steffen Wolters, Markus Mergia, Evanthia Eichert, Nicole Geisler, Hyun-Soon Ruth, Peter Feil, Robert Zimmermann, Ulrike Koesling, Doris Knipper, Marlies Rüttiger, Lukas Tanaka, Yasutake Okamoto, Atsuko Nojiri, Takashi Kumazoe, Motofumi Tokudome, Takeshi Miura, Koichi Hino, Jun Hosoda, Hiroshi Miyazato, Mikiya Kangawa, Kenji Kapil, Vikas Ahluwalia, Amrita Paolocci, Nazareno Eaton, Philip Campbell, James C. Henning, Philipp Franz, Eugen Sankaran, Banumathi Herberg, Friedrich W. Kim, Choel Wittwer, M. Luo, Q. Kaila, V. Dames, S. A. Tobin, Andrew Alam, Mahmood Rudyk, Olena Krasemann, Susanne Hartmann, Kristin Prysyazhna, Oleksandra Zhang, Min Zhao, Lan Weiss, Astrid Schermuly, Ralph Moyes, Amie J. Chu, Sandy M. Baliga, Reshma S. Hobbs, Adrian J. Michalakis, Stylianos Mühlfriedel, Regine Schön, Christian Fischer, Dominik M. Wilhelm, Barbara Zobor, Ditta Kohl, Ironwood Pharmaceuticals Cambridge USA Bayer AG Drug Discovery - Cardiovascular Research Wuppertal Germany Department of Cardiometabolic Diseases Research Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Ridgefield USA Department of Small Molecule Drug Research Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Ridgefield USA Department of Pharmacology University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway Institute of Experimental Medical Research University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway Center for Heart Failure Research University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway Department of Pharmacology Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy Institute of Pharmacy University of Tuebingen Tuebingen Germany Physiologisches Institut Universität Würzburg Würzburg Germany Molecular Cardiology Research Institute Tufts Medical Center Boston USA Present Affiliation: Division of Cardiology University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Pittsburgh USA Present Affiliation: Department of Medicine Brown University School of Medicine Providence USA Division of Cardiology Tufts Medical Center Boston USA Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry Göttingen and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia USA Institut für Kardiogenetik and Universitäres Herzzentrum Lübeck Universität zu Lübeck Lübeck Germany & DZHK e.V. (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck Lübeck Germany Deutsches Herzzentrum München Klinik für Herz- und Kreislauferkrankungen Technische Universität München Munich Germany Center for Thrombosis & Hemostasis Universitätsklinikum der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz Mainz Germany Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften – ISAS – e.V Dortmund Germany Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry Russian Academy of Sciences St. Petersburg Russia UCD Conway Institute UCD School of Medicine

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An accurate solution of elastodynamic problems by numerical local Green's functions

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2015年第1期633卷

作者： F S Loureiro J E A Silva W J Mansur Department of Thermal and Fluid Sciences Federal University of São João del-Rei Brazil Postgraduate Program in Computational Modeling Federal University of Juiz de Fora Brazil Department of Civil Engineering COPPE/Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Brazil

Green's function based methodologies for elastodynamics in both time and frequency domains, which can be either numerical or analytical, appear in many branches of physics and engineering. Thus, the development of exact expressions for Green's functions is of great importance. Unfortunately, such expressions are known only for relatively few kinds of geometry, medium and boundary conditions. In this way, due to the difficulty in finding exact Green's functions, specially in the time domain, the present paper presents a solution of the transient elastodynamic equations by a time-stepping technique based on the Explicit Green's Approach method written in terms of the Green's and Step response functions, both being computed numerically by the finite element method. The major feature is the computation of these functions separately by the central difference time integration scheme and locally owing to the principle of causality. More precisely, Green's functions are computed only at t = Δt adopting two time substeps while Step response functions are computed directly without substeps. The proposed time-stepping method shows to be quite accurate with distinct numerical properties not presented in the standard central difference scheme as addressed in the numerical example.

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Predicting in-hospital code blue events using term frequency inverse document frequency based kernel

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Journal of Electrocardiology 2014年第6期47卷 910-911页

作者： Yong Bai Quan Ding Xiao Hu Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program University of California Los Angeles CA USA Departments of Physiological Nursing and Neurosurgery University of California San Francisco CA USA Institute for Computational Health Sciences University of California San Francisco CA USA

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Discrete time optimal control applied to pest control problems

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Involve 2014年第4期7卷 479-489页

作者： Ding, Wandi Hendon, Raymond Cathey, Brandon Lancaster, Evan Germick, Robert Department of Mathematical Sciences Middle Tennessee State University Murfreesboro 37132 TN United States Computational Science Program Middle Tennessee State University Murfreesboro 37132 TN United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Tennessee Knoxville Knoxville 37996 TN United States Department of University Studies Middle Tennessee State University Murfreesboro 37132 TN United States Department of Electrical Engineering University of Tennessee Knoxville 37996 TN United States

We apply discrete time optimal control theory to the mathematical modeling of pest control. Two scenarios: biological control and the combination of pesticide and biological control are considered. The goal is maximizing the “valuable” population, minimizing the pest population and the cost to apply the control strategies. Using the extension of Pontryagin’s maximum principle to discrete system, the adjoint systems and the characterization of the optimal pest controls are derived. Numerical simulations of various cases are provided to show the effectiveness of our methods. © 2014 Mathematical sciences Publishers.

关键词： biological pest control discrete model optimal control pesticide

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Abstracts from the 15th International Myopia Conference

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Eye and Vision 2016年第1期3卷 211-221页

作者： Alexandra Benavente-Perez Ann Nour Tobin Ansel Kathleen Abarr Luying Yan Keisha Roden David Troilo Chanyi Lu Miaozhen Pan Min Zheng Jia Qu Xiangtian Zhou Christine F. Wildsoet Fan Lu Jie Chen Jinhua Bao Liang Hu Qinmei Wang Zibing Jin Frances Rucker Stephanie Britton Stephan Hanowsky Molly Spatcher Hui-Ying Kuo Ching-Hsiu Ke I-Hsin Kuo Chien-Chun Peng Han-Yin Sun Ian G. Morgan Jeremy A. Guggenheim Rupal L. Shah Cathy Williams Jinglei Yang Peter S. Reinach Sen Zhang Wenfeng Sun Bo Liu Fen Li Xiaoqing Li Aihua Zhao Tianlu Chen Wei Jia Jun Jiang Haoran Wu Kazuo Tsubota Hiroko Ozawa Hidemasa Torii Shigemasa Takamizawa Toshihide Kurihara Kazuno Negishi Klaus Graef Daniel Rathbun Frank Schaeffel Ladan Ghodsi William K. Stell Machelle T. Pardue Ranjay Chakraborty Han na Park Curran S. Sidhu P. Michael Iuvone Michael J Collins Nethrajeith Srinvasalu Sally A. McFadden Paul N. Baird Pablo Artal Pauline Cho SW Cheung Pei-Chang Wu Quan V. Hoang Duk C. Lee Erica G. Landis Michael A. Bergen Curran Sidhu Samer Hattar Richard A. Stone Ravi Metlapally Ruiqin Li Qinglin Xu Hong Zhong Chenglin Pan Weizhong Lan Xiaoning Li Ling Chen Zhikuan Yang Scott A. Read Seang-Mei Saw Shi-Jun Weng Xiao-Hua Wu Kang-Wei Qian Yun-Yun Li Guo-Zhong Xu Furong Huang Xiong-Li Yang Yong-Mei Zhong Earl L Smith, III Baskar Arumugam Li-Fang Hung Lisa A. Ostrin Klaus Trier Monica Jong Brien A. Holden Thomas Chuen Lam Samantha Shan Bing Zuo Dennis Yan-yin Tse Jingfang Bian King-Kit Li Quan Liu Chi-ho To Timothy J. Gawne John T. Siegwart, Jr. Alexander H. Ward Thomas T. Norton Yan Zhang Yue Liu Carol Ho Eileen Phan Abraham Hang Emily Eng Christine Wildsoet Department of Biological Sciences SUNY College of Optometry New York NY 10036 USA School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou Zhejiang 325027 China Center for Eye Disease & Development School of Optometry & Vision Science Program University of California Berkeley Berkeley CA 94720-2020 USA Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou Zhejiang 325027 China Biomedical Science and Disease New England College of Optom Boston MA USA School of Optometry Chung Shan Medical University Taichung City 402 Taiwan Institute of Medicine Chung Shan Medical University Taichung City 402 Taiwan Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research School of Biology Australian National University Canberra Australia State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Division of Preventive Ophthalmology Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou China School of Optometry & Vision Sciences Cardiff University Cardiff UK School of Social and Community Medicine University of Bristol Bristol UK School of and Eye Hospital Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou Zhejiang 325027 China State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science Ministry of Health and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry Wenzhou Zhejiang 325027 People’s Republic of China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus and Center for Translational Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital Shanghai 200233 China Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou Zhejiang 325027 China Department of Ophthalmology Keio University School of Medicine Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 160-8582 Japan General Medicine Ichikawa Medical Center Urayasu City Chiba 279-0001 Japan Ophthalmic Research Institute University of Tuebingen 72076 Tuebingen Germany Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Tuebingen 72076 Tuebingen Germany Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience Otfried-Mueller-Straße 25 Tueb

To assess the peripheral refractive changes that occur when eye growth decelerates in *** We measured peripheral refraction and on-axis vitreous chamber depth on a total of 53 marmosets;36 treated monocularly for 12 weeks 9 hrs/day(26 with-5 D contact lenses,10 with+5 D)and 17 untreated *** the 26 marmosets treated with-5 D,10 wore contact lenses 9 hrs/day without interruptions and were mea-sured at the end of 10 weeks of treatment(T10)and after 4 weeks of recovery(R14).Eight had both contact lenses removed for 30 mins twice/day(mid-morning and mid-afternoon)during the first four weeks of treatment(early interruption group)and eight had the lenses removed during the second four weeks of treatment(late interruption group).The two interruption groups were measured after 4,8 and 12 weeks of treatment only(T4,T8,T12).

关键词： removed treatment untreated

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