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arXiv 2024年

作者： Kazerooni, Anahita Fathi Khalili, Nastaran Liu, Xinyang Gandhi, Deep Jiang, Zhifan Anwar, Syed Muhammed Albrecht, Jake Adewole, Maruf Anazodo, Udunna Anderson, Hannah Baid, Ujjwal Bergquist, Timothy Borja, Austin J. Calabrese, Evan Chung, Verena Conte, Gian-Marco Dako, Farouk Eddy, James Ezhov, Ivan Familiar, Ariana Farahani, Keyvan Franson, Andrea Gottipati, Anurag Haldar, Shuvanjan Iglesias, Juan Eugenio Janas, Anastasia Johansen, Elaine Jones, Blaise V. Khalili, Neda Kofler, Florian LaBella, Dominic Lai, Hollie Anne Van Leemput, Koen Li, Hongwei Bran Maleki, Nazanin McAllister, Aaron S. Meier, Zeke Menze, Bjoern Moawad, Ahmed W. Nandolia, Khanak K. Pavaine, Julija Piraud, Marie Poussaint, Tina Prabhu, Sanjay P. Reitman, Zachary Rudie, Jeffrey D. Sanchez-Montano, Mariana Shaikh, Ibraheem Salman Sheth, Nakul Tu, Wenxin Wang, Chunhao Ware, Jeffrey B. Wiestler, Benedikt Zapaishchykova, Anna Bornhorst, Miriam Deutsch, Michelle Fouladi, Maryam Lazow, Margot Mikael, Leonie Hummel, Trent Kann, Benjamin de Blank, Peter Hoffman, Lindsey Aboian, Mariam Nabavizadeh, Ali Packer, Roger Bakas, Spyridon Resnick, Adam Rood, Brian Vossough, Arastoo Linguraru, Marius George Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia PhiladelphiaPA United States Department of Neurosurgery University of Pennsylvania PhiladelphiaPA United States University of Pennsylvania PhiladelphiaPA United States Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation Children’s National Hospital WashingtonDC United States Sage Bionetworks United States Lab Crestview Radiology Lagos Nigeria McGill University MontrealQC Canada Department of Radiology Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania PhiladelphiaPA United States Division of Computational Pathology Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Indiana University School of Medicine IndianapolisIN United States Department of Neurosurgery The University of Southern California CA United States Department of Radiology Duke University Medical Center DurhamNC United States Mayo Clinic MN United States Center for Global Health Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania PhiladelphiaPA United States Department of Informatics Technical University Munich Germany TranslaTUM - Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research Technical University of Munich Germany Cancer Imaging Program National Cancer Institute National Institutes of Health BethesdaMD United States C. S. Mott Children’s Hospital University of Michigan MI United States Biomedical Engineering Rutgers University New BrunswickNJ United States Athinoula A Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging Massachusetts General Hospital BostonMA United States Yale University New HavenCT United States PrecisionFDA U.S. Food and Drug Administration Silver SpringMD United States Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center OH United States Helmholtz AI Helmholtz Munich Germany Department of Radiation Oncology Duke University Medical Center DurhamNC United States Department of Radiology Children’s Health Orange County CA United States Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science Technical University of De

Pediatric tumors of the central nervous system are the most common cause of cancer-related death in children. The five-year survival rate for high-grade gliomas in children is less than 20%. Due to their rarity, the diagnosis of these entities is often delayed, their treatment is mainly based on historic treatment concepts, and clinical trials require multi-institutional collaborations. Here we present the CBTN-CONNECT-DIPGR-ASNR-MICCAI BraTS-PEDs challenge, focused on pediatric brain tumors with data acquired across multiple international consortia dedicated to pediatric neuro-oncology and clinical trials. The CBTN-CONNECT-DIPGR-ASNR-MICCAI BraTS-PEDs challenge brings together clinicians and AI/imaging scientists to lead to faster development of automated segmentation techniques that could benefit clinical trials, and ultimately the care of children with brain tumors. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Deep learning

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Digital is the New Blood: Enabling the Present and the Future

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Alzheimer's & Dementia 2023年第S21期19卷

作者： Rhoda Au Zachary T Popp Spencer Low Phillip H Hwang Ileana De Anda-Duran Stephanie Li Salman Rahman Huitong Ding Akwaugo Igwe Cody Karjadi Ting Fang Alvin Ang Sherral A. Devine Ashita S Gurnani Jesse B. Mez Lindsay A. Farrer Preeti Sunderaraman Honghuang Lin Vijaya B. Kolachalama Boston University School of Public Health Boston MA USA Framingham Heart Study Boston University School of Medicine Boston MA USA Davos Alzheimer’s Collaborative Philadelphia PA USA Department of Epidemiology Boston University School of Public Health Boston MA USA Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine Boston MA USA Department of Neurology Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine Boston MA USA Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine Boston MA USA Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine Boston MA USA Framingham Heart Study Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine Boston MA USA Boston University School of Public Heatlh Boston MA USA Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine New Orleans LA USA Slone Epidemiology Center Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine Boston MA USA Framigham Heart Study - Boston University Framingham MA USA Boston University Bioinformatics Program Boston MA USA Departments of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics) Neurology Ophthalmology Biostatistics and Epidemiology Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health Boston MA USA Department of Neurology - Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine Boston MA USA University of Massachusetts Medical School Worcester MA USA Framingham Heart Study/Boston University BOSTON MA USA Hariri Institute for Computing and Computational Science & Engineering Boston University Boston MA USA College of Arts & Sciences Boston University Boston MA USA Faculty of Computing & Data Sciences Boston University Boston MA USA Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease Center Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine Boston MA USA Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine Boston MA USA

Background Digital is the new blood, where collection, use, and storage of raw digital data streams enabled by technology-embedded sensors are replacing analog methods. Analyses of digital data extend beyond current applications, analogous to previously stored blood currently be used for omics/biomarker research. Today digital technologies are used to measure Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-related clinical symptoms (e.g., cognition, function, and behavior), but future possibilities remain to be determined. Importantly, digital data collection can go beyond current intermittent sampling by employing internet-connected applications and devices that allow real-time monitoring and accurate detection of changes, even within a widely heterogeneous spectrum. Method Beginning in 2005, the Framingham Heart Study (FHS) began digitally recording participants’ spoken responses to neuropsychological (NP) test questions, and in 2011 extended to a digital pen to record written responses. The emergence of wearable devices and smartphone applications has led to an expanded use of digital technologies beyond recordings during NP assessments. The Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center (BU ADRC) leverages digital sensors in multiple internet-connected devices that longitudinally collect digital data, in both in-person and remote settings. Result The first publication involving FHS digital data was in 2016; the remaining (n> 17) have been from 2020-current. Digital data measuring cognition, function and behavior are being collected through the BU ADRC, where results to date indicate nearly 100% and 75% uptake of active and passive engagement applications, respectively, and 95% uptake for wearable devices (n = 60). Longitudinal assessments include > 3 months for ∼50 participants; > 1 year for n∼21 participants. Conclusion Opportunities for improved trial outcome measurement are evident in the broad range of outcomes digital sensors capture beyond traditional research methodologi

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Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

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The Lancet 2020年第10258期396卷 1204-1222页

作者： Abbafati, Cristiana Abbas, Kaja M. Abbasi, Mohammad Abbasifard, Mitra Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen Abbastabar, Hedayat Abd-Allah, Foad Abdelalim, Ahmed Abdollahi, Mohammad Abdollahpour, Ibrahim Abedi, Aidin Abedi, Parisa Abegaz, Kedir Hussein Abolhassani, Hassan Abosetugn, Akine Eshete Aboyans, Victor Abrams, Elissa M. Abreu, Lucas Guimarães Abrigo, Michael R.M. Abu Haimed, Abdulaziz Khalid Abualhasan, Ahmed Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal Abushouk, Abdelrahman I. Acebedo, Alyssa Ackerman, Ilana N. Adabi, Maryam Adair, Tim Adamu, Abdu A. Adebayo, Oladimeji M. Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi Adekanmbi, Victor Adelson, Jaimie D. Adeoye, Abiodun Moshood Adetokunboh, Olatunji O. Adham, Davoud Advani, Shailesh M. Afarideh, Mohsen Afshari, Mahdi Afshin, Ashkan Agardh, Emilie E. Agarwal, Gina Agasthi, Pradyumna Agesa, Kareha M. Aghaali, Mohammad Aghamir, Seyed Mohammad Kazem Agrawal, Anurag Ahmad, Tauseef Ahmadi, Alireza Ahmadi, Keivan Ahmadi, Mehdi Ahmadieh, Hamid Ahmadpour, Ehsan Ahmed, Muktar Beshir Aji, Budi Akalu, Temesgen Yihunie Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola Akinyemiju, Tomi Akombi, Blessing Akunna, Chisom Joyqueenet Alahdab, Fares Al-Aly, Ziyad Alam, Khurshid Alam, Noore Alam, Samiah Alam, Tahiya Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour Alanzi, Turki M. Albertson, Samuel B. Alcalde-Rabanal, Jacqueline Elizabeth Alema, Niguse Meles Alemu, Biresaw Wassihun Alemu, Yihun Mulugeta Alhabib, Khalid F. Alhassan, Robert Kaba Ali, Muhammad Ali, Saqib Alicandro, Gianfranco Alijanzadeh, Mehran Alinia, Cyrus Alipour, Vahid Alizade, Hesam Aljunid, Syed Mohamed Alla, François Allebeck, Peter Almadi, Majid Abdulrahman Hamad Almasi, Ali Almasi-Hashiani, Amir Almasri, Nihad A. Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M. Almulhim, Abdulaziz M. Alonso, Jordi Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M. Altirkawi, Khalid A. Alumran, Arwa Khalid Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Alvis-Zakzuk, Nelson J. Amare, Azmeraw T. Amare, Bekalu Amini, Saeed Amini-Rarani, Mostafa Aminorroaya, Arya Amiri, Fatemeh Amit, Arianna Maever L. Amugsi, Dickson A. Amul, Gianna Gayle Herrera Anbesu, Etsay Woldu Ancuceanu, Robert Anderl Department of Juridical and Economic Studies La Sapienza University Rome Italy Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine London United Kingdom Social Determinants of Health Research Center Tehran Iran Department of Neurology Cairo University Cairo Egypt School of Pharmacy Tehran Iran The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS) Tehran Iran Neuroscience Research Center Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran Biostatistics Department Near East University Nicosia Cyprus Biostatistics and Health Informatics Madda Walabu University Bale Robe Ethiopia Research Center for Immunodeficiencies Tehran Iran Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge Sweden Department of Cardiology Dupuytren University Hospital Limoges France University of Limoges Limoges France Department of Pediatric Dentistry Federal University of Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Brazil Department of Research Philippine Institute for Development Studies Quezon City Philippines Department of Healthcare Policy and Research Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar Doha Qatar Harvard Medical School Boston MA United States Department of Medicine Ain Shams University Cairo Egypt Hamadan University of Medical Sciences Hamadan Iran School of Medicine Cardiff University Cardiff United Kingdom School of Laboratory Medicine and Science University College Hospital Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria Centre of Excellence for Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis Stellenbosch University Cape Town South Africa Department of Global Health Stellenbosch University Cape Town South Africa School of Health Ardabil University of Medical Science Ardabil Iran Social Behavioral Research Branch National Institute of Health Bethesda MD United States Department of Oncology Georgetown University Washington DC DC United States Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine Seattle WA

Background: In an era of shifting global agendas and expanded emphasis on non-communicable diseases and injuries along with communicable diseases, sound evidence on trends by cause at the national level is essential. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) provides a systematic scientific assessment of published, publicly available, and contributed data on incidence, prevalence, and mortality for a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of diseases and injuries. Methods: GBD estimates incidence, prevalence, mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) due to 369 diseases and injuries, for two sexes, and for 204 countries and territories. Input data were extracted from censuses, household surveys, civil registration and vital statistics, disease registries, health service use, air pollution monitors, satellite imaging, disease notifications, and other sources. Cause-specific death rates and cause fractions were calculated using the Cause of Death Ensemble model and spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression. Cause-specific deaths were adjusted to match the total all-cause deaths calculated as part of the GBD population, fertility, and mortality estimates. Deaths were multiplied by standard life expectancy at each age to calculate YLLs. A Bayesian meta-regression modelling tool, DisMod-MR 2.1, was used to ensure consistency between incidence, prevalence, remission, excess mortality, and cause-specific mortality for most causes. Prevalence estimates were multiplied by disability weights for mutually exclusive sequelae of diseases and injuries to calculate YLDs. We considered results in the context of the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of income per capita, years of schooling, and fertility rate in females younger than 25 years. Uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated for every metric using the 25th and 975th ordered 1000 draw value

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The Brain Tumor Segmentation (BraTS-METS) Challenge 2023: Brain Metastasis Segmentation on Pre-treatment MRI

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Moawad, Ahmed W. Janas, Anastasia Baid, Ujjwal Ramakrishnan, Divya Saluja, Rachit Ashraf, Nader Jekel, Leon Amiruddin, Raisa Adewole, Maruf Albrecht, Jake Anazodo, Udunna Aneja, Sanjay Anwar, Syed Muhammad Bergquist, Timothy Calabrese, Evan Chiang, Veronica Chung, Verena Conte, Gian Marco Marco Dako, Farouk Eddy, James Ezhov, Ivan Familiar, Ariana Farahani, Keyvan Iglesias, Juan Eugenio Jiang, Zhifan Johanson, Elaine Kazerooni, Anahita Fathi Kofler, Florian Krantchev, Kiril LaBella, Dominic Van Leemput, Koen Li, Hongwei Bran Linguraru, Marius George Link, Katherine E. Liu, Xinyang Maleki, Nazanin Meier, Zeke Menze, Bjoern H. Moy, Harrison Osenberg, Klara Piraud, Marie Reitman, Zachary Shinohara, Russel Takeshi Tahon, Nourel hoda Nada, Ayman Velichko, Yuri S. Wang, Chunhao Wiestler, Benedikt Wiggins, Walter Shafique, Umber Willms, Klara Avesta, Arman Bousabarah, Khaled Chakrabarty, Satrajit Gennaro, Nicolo Holler, Wolfgang Kaur, Manpreet LaMontagne, Pamela Lin, MingDe Lost, Jan Marcus, Daniel S. Maresca, Ryan Merkaj, Sarah Nada, Ayaman Pedersen, Gabriel Cassinelli von Reppert, Marc Sotiras, Aristeidis Teytelboym, Oleg Tillmans, Niklas Westerhoff, Malte Youssef, Ayda Godfrey, Devon Floyd, Scott Rauschecker, Andreas Villanueva-Meyer, Javier Pflüger, Irada Cho, Jaeyoung Bendszus, Martin Brugnara, Gianluca Cramer, Justin Perez-Carillo, Gloria Guzman J. Johnson, Derek R. Kam, Anthony Kwan, Benjamin Yin Ming Lai, Lillian Lall, Neil U. Memon, Fatima Patro, Satya Narayana Petrovic, Bojan So, Tiffany Y. Thompson, Gerard Wu, Lei Schrickel, E. Brooke Bansal, Anu Barkhof, Frederik Besada, Cristina Chu, Sammy Druzgal, Jason Dusoi, Alexandru Farage, Luciano Feltrin, Fabricio Fong, Amy Fung, Steve H. Gray, R. Ian Ikuta, Ichiro Iv, Michael Postma, Alida A. Mahajan, Amit Joyner, David Krumpelman, Chase Letourneau-Guillon, Laurent Lincoln, Christie M. Maros, Mate E. Miller, Elka Morón, Fanny Nimchinsky, Esther A. Ozsarlak, Ozkan Patel, Uresh Rohatgi, Saurabh Saha, Atin Sayah, Anousheh Schwartz, Eric D. Shih, Robert Shiroishi, Mark Trinity health Mid Atlantic Hosiptals DarbyPA United States Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging Yale School of Medicine New HavenCT United States Division of Computational Pathology Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine School of Medicine Indiana University IndianapolisIN United States Department of Electical and Computer Engineering Cornell University Cornell Tech New YorkNY United States Department of Radiology Weill Cornell Medicine New YorkNY United States ImagineQuant Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia PhiladelphiaPA United States College of Medicine Alfaisal University Riyadh Saudi Arabia DKFZ Division of Translational Neurooncology The WTZ German Cancer Consortium DKTK Partner Site University Hospital Essen Essen Germany Medical Artificial Intelligence Lab Crestview Radiology Lagos Nigeria Sage Bionetworks SeattleWA United States Montreal Neurological Institute McGill University Montreal Canada lab Crestview Radiology Lagos Nigeria Department of Therapeutic Radiology Yale School of Medicine New HavenCT United States Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation Children’s National Hospital WashingtonDC United States Department of Radiology Mayo Clinic RochesterMN United States Department of Radiology Duke University Medical Center DurhamNC United States Department of Neurosurgery Yale School of Medicine New HavenCT United States Center for Global Health Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania PA United States Department of Informatics Technical University Munich Germany Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia University of Pennsylvania PhiladelphiaPA United States Cancer Imaging Program National Cancer Institute National Institutes of Health BethesdaMD United States Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging Massachusetts General Hospital BostonMA United States Children’s National Hospital WashingtonDC United States PrecisionFDA U.S. Food and Drug Administration S

The translation of AI-generated brain metastases (BM) segmentation into clinical practice relies heavily on diverse, high-quality annotated medical imaging datasets. The BraTS-METS 2023 challenge has gained momentum for testing and benchmarking algorithms using rigorously annotated internationally compiled real-world datasets. This study presents the results of the segmentation challenge and characterizes the challenging cases that impacted the performance of the winning algorithms. Untreated brain metastases on standard anatomic MRI sequences (T1, T2, FLAIR, T1PG) from eight contributed international datasets were annotated in stepwise method: published UNET algorithms, student, neuroradiologist, final approver neuroradiologist. Segmentations were ranked based on lesion-wise Dice and Hausdorff distance (HD95) scores. False positives (FP) and false negatives (FN) were rigorously penalized, receiving a score of 0 for Dice and a fixed penalty of 374 for HD95. The mean scores for the teams were calculated. Eight datasets comprising 1303 studies were annotated, with 402 studies (3076 lesions) released on Synapse as publicly available datasets to challenge competitors. Additionally, 31 studies (139 lesions) were held out for validation, and 59 studies (218 lesions) were used for testing. Segmentation accuracy was measured as rank across subjects, with the winning team achieving a LesionWise mean score of 7.9. The Dice score for the winning team was 0.65 ± 0.25. Common errors among the leading teams included false negatives for small lesions and misregistration of masks in space. The Dice scores and lesion detection rates of all algorithms diminished with decreasing tumor size, particularly for tumors smaller than 100 mm3. In conclusion, algorithms for BM segmentation require further refinement to balance high sensitivity in lesion detection with the minimization of false positives and negatives. The BraTS-METS 2023 challenge successfully curated well-annotated, diverse d

关键词： Image segmentation

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Genetic drivers of heterogeneity in type 2 diabetes pathophysiology

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Nature 2024年第8003期627卷 347-357页

作者： Ken Suzuki Konstantinos Hatzikotoulas Lorraine Southam Henry J Taylor Xianyong Yin Kim M Lorenz Ravi Mandla Alicia Huerta-Chagoya Giorgio E M Melloni Stavroula Kanoni Nigel W Rayner Ozvan Bocher Ana Luiza Arruda Kyuto Sonehara Shinichi Namba Simon S K Lee Michael H Preuss Lauren E Petty Philip Schroeder Brett Vanderwerff Mart Kals Fiona Bragg Kuang Lin Xiuqing Guo Weihua Zhang Jie Yao Young Jin Kim Mariaelisa Graff Fumihiko Takeuchi Jana Nano Amel Lamri Masahiro Nakatochi Sanghoon Moon Robert A Scott James P Cook Jung-Jin Lee Ian Pan Daniel Taliun Esteban J Parra Jin-Fang Chai Lawrence F Bielak Yasuharu Tabara Yang Hai Gudmar Thorleifsson Niels Grarup Tamar Sofer Matthias Wuttke Chloé Sarnowski Christian Gieger Darryl Nousome Stella Trompet Soo-Heon Kwak Jirong Long Meng Sun Lin Tong Wei-Min Chen Suraj S Nongmaithem Raymond Noordam Victor J Y Lim Claudia H T Tam Yoonjung Yoonie Joo Chien-Hsiun Chen Laura M Raffield Bram Peter Prins Aude Nicolas Lisa R Yanek Guanjie Chen Jennifer A Brody Edmond Kabagambe Ping An Anny H Xiang Hyeok Sun Choi Brian E Cade Jingyi Tan K Alaine Broadaway Alice Williamson Zoha Kamali Jinrui Cui Manonanthini Thangam Linda S Adair Adebowale Adeyemo Carlos A Aguilar-Salinas Tarunveer S Ahluwalia Sonia S Anand Alain Bertoni Jette Bork-Jensen Ivan Brandslund Thomas A Buchanan Charles F Burant Adam S Butterworth Mickaël Canouil Juliana C N Chan Li-Ching Chang Miao-Li Chee Ji Chen Shyh-Huei Chen Yuan-Tsong Chen Zhengming Chen Lee-Ming Chuang Mary Cushman John Danesh Swapan K Das H Janaka de Silva George Dedoussis Latchezar Dimitrov Ayo P Doumatey Shufa Du Qing Duan Kai-Uwe Eckardt Leslie S Emery Daniel S Evans Michele K Evans Krista Fischer James S Floyd Ian Ford Oscar H Franco Timothy M Frayling Barry I Freedman Pauline Genter Hertzel C Gerstein Vilmantas Giedraitis Clicerio González-Villalpando Maria Elena González-Villalpando Penny Gordon-Larsen Myron Gross Lindsay A Guare Sophie Hackinger Liisa Hakaste Sohee Han Andrew T Hattersley Christian Herder Momoko Horikoshi Annie-Green Howard Willa Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Research Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences University of Manchester Manchester UK. Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases Graduate School of Medicine University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan. Department of Statistical Genetics Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine Suita Japan. Institute of Translational Genomics Helmholtz Zentrum München German Research Center for Environmental Health Neuherberg Germany. konstantinos.hatzikotoulas@helmholtz-munich.de. Institute of Translational Genomics Helmholtz Zentrum München German Research Center for Environmental Health Neuherberg Germany. Center for Precision Health Research National Human Genome Research Institute National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD USA. British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit Department of Public Health and Primary Care University of Cambridge Cambridge UK. Heart and Lung Research Institute University of Cambridge Cambridge UK. Department of Epidemiology School of Public Health Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China. Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA. Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center Philadelphia PA USA. Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine Philadelphia PA USA. Department of Genetics University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine Philadelphia PA USA. Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT Cambridge MA USA. Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA USA. TIMI Study Group Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA. William Harvey Research Institute Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry Queen Mary University of London L

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a heterogeneous disease that develops through diverse pathophysiological processes and molecular mechanisms that are often specific to cell type. Here, to characterize the genetic contribution to these processes across ancestry groups, we aggregate genome-wide association study data from 2,535,601 individuals (39.7% not of European ancestry), including 428,452 cases of T2D. We identify 1,289 independent association signals at genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10) that map to 611 loci, of which 145 loci are, to our knowledge, previously unreported. We define eight non-overlapping clusters of T2D signals that are characterized by distinct profiles of cardiometabolic trait associations. These clusters are differentially enriched for cell-type-specific regions of open chromatin, including pancreatic islets, adipocytes, endothelial cells and enteroendocrine cells. We build cluster-specific partitioned polygenic scores in a further 279,552 individuals of diverse ancestry, including 30,288 cases of T2D, and test their association with T2D-related vascular outcomes. Cluster-specific partitioned polygenic scores are associated with coronary artery disease, peripheral artery disease and end-stage diabetic nephropathy across ancestry groups, highlighting the importance of obesity-related processes in the development of vascular outcomes. Our findings show the value of integrating multi-ancestry genome-wide association study data with single-cell epigenomics to disentangle the aetiological heterogeneity that drives the development and progression of T2D. This might offer a route to optimize global access to genetically informed diabetes care.

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Author Correction: Pan-cancer analysis of whole genomes identifies driver rearrangements promoted by LINE-1 retrotransposition

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Nature genetics 2023年第6期55卷 1080页

作者： Bernardo Rodriguez-Martin Eva G Alvarez Adrian Baez-Ortega Jorge Zamora Fran Supek Jonas Demeulemeester Martin Santamarina Young Seok Ju Javier Temes Daniel Garcia-Souto Harald Detering Yilong Li Jorge Rodriguez-Castro Ana Dueso-Barroso Alicia L Bruzos Stefan C Dentro Miguel G Blanco Gianmarco Contino Daniel Ardeljan Marta Tojo Nicola D Roberts Sonia Zumalave Paul A Edwards Joachim Weischenfeldt Montserrat Puiggròs Zechen Chong Ken Chen Eunjung Alice Lee Jeremiah A Wala Keiran M Raine Adam Butler Sebastian M Waszak Fabio C P Navarro Steven E Schumacher Jean Monlong Francesco Maura Niccolo Bolli Guillaume Bourque Mark Gerstein Peter J Park David C Wedge Rameen Beroukhim David Torrents Jan O Korbel Iñigo Martincorena Rebecca C Fitzgerald Peter Van Loo Haig H Kazazian Kathleen H Burns Peter J Campbell Jose M C Tubio Department of Zoology Genetics and Physical Anthropology Universidade de Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela Spain. Biomedical Research Centre (CINBIO) University of Vigo Vigo Spain. Centre for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS) Universidade de Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela Spain. Transmissible Cancer Group Department of Veterinary Medicine University of Cambridge Cambridge UK. The Biomedical Research Centre (CINBIO) Universidade de Vigo Vigo Spain. Wellcome Sanger Institute Wellcome Genome Campus Cambridge UK. Genome Data Science Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona) The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) Barcelona Spain. Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA) Barcelona Spain. The Francis Crick Institute London UK. Department of Human Genetics University of Leuven Leuven Belgium. Genomes and Disease Centre for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS) Universidade de Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela Spain. Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Daejeon South Korea. Cancer Ageing and Somatic Mutation Programme Wellcome Sanger Institute Cambridge UK. Department of Biochemistry Genetics and Immunology University of Vigo Vigo Spain. Galicia Sur Health Research Institute Vigo Spain. Faculty of Science and Technology University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC) Vic Spain. Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC) Barcelona Spain. Experimental Cancer Genetics Wellcome Sanger Institute Cambridge UK. Oxford Big Data Institute University of Oxford Oxford UK. DNA Repair and Genome Integrity Centre for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS) Universidade de Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela Spain. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Universidade de Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela Spain. Medical R

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Sequence data and association statistics from 12,940 type 2 diabetes cases and controls

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Scientific data 2017年第1期4卷 170179页

作者： Jason Flannick Christian Fuchsberger Anubha Mahajan Tanya M Teslovich Vineeta Agarwala Kyle J Gaulton Lizz Caulkins Ryan Koesterer Clement Ma Loukas Moutsianas Davis J McCarthy Manuel A Rivas John R B Perry Xueling Sim Thomas W Blackwell Neil R Robertson N William Rayner Pablo Cingolani Adam E Locke Juan Fernandez Tajes Heather M Highland Josee Dupuis Peter S Chines Cecilia M Lindgren Christopher Hartl Anne U Jackson Han Chen Jeroen R Huyghe Martijn van de Bunt Richard D Pearson Ashish Kumar Martina Müller-Nurasyid Niels Grarup Heather M Stringham Eric R Gamazon Jaehoon Lee Yuhui Chen Robert A Scott Jennifer E Below Peng Chen Jinyan Huang Min Jin Go Michael L Stitzel Dorota Pasko Stephen C J Parker Tibor V Varga Todd Green Nicola L Beer Aaron G Day-Williams Teresa Ferreira Tasha Fingerlin Momoko Horikoshi Cheng Hu Iksoo Huh Mohammad Kamran Ikram Bong-Jo Kim Yongkang Kim Young Jin Kim Min-Seok Kwon Juyoung Lee Selyeong Lee Keng-Han Lin Taylor J Maxwell Yoshihiko Nagai Xu Wang Ryan P Welch Joon Yoon Weihua Zhang Nir Barzilai Benjamin F Voight Bok-Ghee Han Christopher P Jenkinson Teemu Kuulasmaa Johanna Kuusisto Alisa Manning Maggie C Y Ng Nicholette D Palmer Beverley Balkau Alena Stančáková Hanna E Abboud Heiner Boeing Vilmantas Giedraitis Dorairaj Prabhakaran Omri Gottesman James Scott Jason Carey Phoenix Kwan George Grant Joshua D Smith Benjamin M Neale Shaun Purcell Adam S Butterworth Joanna M M Howson Heung Man Lee Yingchang Lu Soo-Heon Kwak Wei Zhao John Danesh Vincent K L Lam Kyong Soo Park Danish Saleheen Wing Yee So Claudia H T Tam Uzma Afzal David Aguilar Rector Arya Tin Aung Edmund Chan Carmen Navarro Ching-Yu Cheng Domenico Palli Adolfo Correa Joanne E Curran Dennis Rybin Vidya S Farook Sharon P Fowler Barry I Freedman Michael Griswold Daniel Esten Hale Pamela J Hicks Chiea-Chuen Khor Satish Kumar Benjamin Lehne Dorothée Thuillier Wei Yen Lim Jianjun Liu Marie Loh Solomon K Musani Sobha Puppala William R Scott Loïc Yengo Sian-Tsung Tan Herman A Taylor Farook Thameem Gregory Wilson Tien Yin Wong Pål Rasmu Department of Molecular Biology Massachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts USA. Program in Medical and Population Genetics Broad Institute Cambridge Massachusetts USA. Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA. Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics Nuffield Department of Medicine University of Oxford Oxford UK. Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts USA. Department of Statistics University of Oxford Oxford UK. Genetics of Complex Traits University of Exeter Medical School University of Exeter Exeter UK. MRC Epidemiology Unit Institute of Metabolic Science University of Cambridge Cambridge UK. Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology King's College London London UK. Oxford Centre for Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism Radcliffe Department of Medicine University of Oxford Oxford UK. Department of Human Genetics Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute Hinxton Cambridgeshire UK. School of Computer Science McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada. McGill University and Génome Québec Innovation Centre Montreal Quebec Canada. Human Genetics Center The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Houston Texas USA. Department of Biostatistics Boston University School of Public Health Boston Massachusetts USA. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study Framingham Massachusetts USA. Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch National Human Genome Research Institute National Institutes of Health Bethesda Maryland USA. Department of Biostatistics Harvard School of Public Health Boston Massachusetts USA. Chronic Disease Epidemiology Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute University of Basel Basel Switzerland. Institute of Genetic Epidemiology Helmholtz Zentrum München German R

To investigate the genetic basis of type 2 diabetes (T2D) to high resolution, the GoT2D and T2D-GENES consortia catalogued variation from whole-genome sequencing of 2,657 European individuals and exome sequencing of 12,940 individuals of multiple ancestries. Over 27M SNPs, indels, and structural variants were identified, including 99% of low-frequency (minor allele frequency [MAF] 0.1-5%) non-coding variants in the whole-genome sequenced individuals and 99.7% of low-frequency coding variants in the whole-exome sequenced individuals. Each variant was tested for association with T2D in the sequenced individuals, and, to increase power, most were tested in larger numbers of individuals (>80% of low-frequency coding variants in ~82 K Europeans via the exome chip, and ~90% of low-frequency non-coding variants in ~44 K Europeans via genotype imputation). The variants, genotypes, and association statistics from these analyses provide the largest reference to date of human genetic information relevant to T2D, for use in activities such as T2D-focused genotype imputation, functional characterization of variants or genes, and other novel analyses to detect associations between sequence variation and T2D.

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The gravity collective: A search for the electromagnetic counterpart to the neutron star-black hole merger GW190814

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Kilpatrick, Charles D. Coulter, David A. Arcavi, Iair Brink, Thomas G. Dimitriadis, Georgios Filippenko, Alexei V. Foley, Ryan J. Howell, D. Andrew Jones, David O. Makler, Martin Piro, Anthony L. Rojas-Bravo, César Sand, David J. Swift, Jonathan J. Tucker, Douglas Zheng, Weikang Allam, Sahar S. Annis, James T. Antilen, Juanita Bachmann, Tristan G. Bloom, Joshua S. Bom, Clecio R. Bostroem, K. Azalee Brout, Dillon Burke, Jamison Butler, Robert E. Butner, Melissa Campillay, Abdo Clever, Karoli E. Conselice, Christopher J. Cooke, Jeff Dage, Kristen C. de Carvalho, Reinaldo R. Jaeger, Thomas D.E. Desai, Shantanu Garcia, Alyssa Garcia-Bellido, Juan Gill, Mandeep S.S. Girish, Nachiket Hallakoun, Na'Ama Herner, Kenneth Hiramatsu, Daichi Holz, Daniel E. Huber, Grace Kawash, Adam M. McCully, Curtis Medallon, Sophia A. Metzger, Brian D. Modak, Shaunak Morgan, Robert Muñoz, Ricardo R. Muñoz-Elgueta, Nahir Murakami, Yukei S. Olivares, Felipe E. Palmese, Antonella Patra, Kishore Pereira, Maria E.S. Pessi, Thallis L. Pineda-Garcia, J. Quirola-Vásquez, Jonathan Ramirez-Ruiz, Enrico Rembold, Sandro Barboza Rest, Armin Rodríguez, Ósmar Santana-Silva, Luidhy Sherman, Nora F. Siebert, Matthew R. Smith, Carli Smith, J. Allyn Soares-Santos, Marcelle Stacey, Holland Stahl, Benjamin E. Strader, Jay Strasburger, Erika Sunseri, James Tinyanont, Samaporn Tucker, Brad E. Ulloa, Natalie Valenti, Stefano Vasylyev, Sergiy Wiesner, Matthew P. Zhang, Keto D. Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics University of California Santa CruzCA95064 United States The School of Physics and Astronomy Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv69978 Israel CIFAR Azrieli Global Scholars program CIFAR Toronto Canada Department of Astronomy University of California BerkeleyCA94720-3411 United States Miller Institute for Basic Research in Science University of California BerkeleyCA94720 United States Department of Physics University of California Santa BarbaraCA93106-9530 United States Las Cumbres Observatory 6740 Cortona Dr Suite 102 GoletaCA93117-5575 United States International Center for Advanced Studies & Instituto de Ciencias Físicas ECyT-UNSAM & CONICET Buenos Aires1650 Argentina Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas Rua Dr. Xavier Sigaud 150 Rio de Janeiro RJCEP 22290-180 Brazil The Observatories of the Carnegie Institution for Science 813 Santa Barbara St. PasadenaCA91101 United States Steward Observatory University of Arizona 933 North Cherry Avenue TucsonAZ85721-0065 United States Thacher Observatory Thacher School 5025 Thacher Rd. OjaiCA93023 United States Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory P. O. Box 500 BataviaIL60510 United States Departamento de Astronomía Universidad de Chile Camino El Observatorio 1515 Las Condes Santiago Chile Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics University of Chicago ChicagoIL60637 United States Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 1 Cyclotron Road MS 50B-4206 BerkeleyCA94720-3411 United States Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica Celso Suckow da Fonseca Rodovia Mário Covas lote J2 quadra J Itaguaí RJCEP 23810-000 Brazil Department of Physics and Astronomy University of California DavisCA95616 United States Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian 60 Garden St CambridgeMA02138 United States Department of Astronomy Indiana University 727 E. Third St. BloomingtonIN47405 United States Dep

We present optical follow-up imaging obtained with the Katzman Automatic Imaging Telescope, Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network, Nickel Telescope, Swope Telescope, and Thacher Telescope of the LIGO/Virgo gravitational wave (GW) signal from the neutron star–black hole (NSBH) merger GW190814. We searched the GW190814 localization region (19 deg2 for the 90th percentile best localization), covering a total of 51 deg2 and 94.6% of the two-dimensional localization region. Analyzing the properties of 189 transients that we consider as candidate counterparts to the NSBH merger, including their localizations, discovery times from merger, optical spectra, likely host-galaxy redshifts, and photometric evolution, we conclude that none of these objects are likely to be associated with GW190814. Based on this finding, we consider the likely optical properties of an electromagnetic counterpart to GW190814, including possible kilonovae and short gamma-ray burst afterglows. Using the joint limits from our follow-up imaging, we conclude that a counterpart with an rband decline rate of 0.68 mag day−1, similar to the kilonova AT 2017gfo, could peak at an absolute magnitude of at most −17.8 mag (50% confidence). Our data are not constraining for "red" kilonovae and rule out "blue" kilonovae with M > 0.5 M* (30% confidence). We strongly rule out all known types of short gamma-ray burst afterglows with viewing angles ◦ assuming an initial jet opening angle of ∼ 5.2◦ and explosion energies and circumburst densities similar to afterglows explored in the literature. Finally, we explore the possibility that GW190814 merged in the disk of an active galactic nucleus, of which we find four in the localization region, but we do not find any candidate counterparts among these sources. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Stars

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Dense sampling of bird diversity increases power of comparative genomics (vol 587, pg 252, 2020)

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NATURE 2021年第7856期592卷 E24-E24页

作者： Feng, Shaohong Stiller, Josefin Deng, Yuan Armstrong, Joel Fang, Qi Reeve, Andrew Hart Xie, Duo Chen, Guangji Guo, Chunxue Faircloth, Brant C. Petersen, Bent Wang, Zongji Zhou, Qi Diekhans, Mark Chen, Wanjun Andreu-Sanchez, Sergio Margaryan, Ashot Howard, Jason Travis Parent, Carole Pacheco, George Sinding, Mikkel-Holger S. Puetz, Lara Cavill, Emily Ribeiro, Angela M. Eckhart, Leopold Fjeldsa, Jon Hosner, Peter A. Brumfield, Robb T. Christidis, Les Bertelsen, Mads F. Sicheritz-Ponten, Thomas Tietze, Dieter Thomas Robertson, Bruce C. Song, Gang Borgia, Gerald Claramunt, Santiago Lovette, Irby J. Cowen, Saul J. Njoroge, Peter Dumbacher, John Philip Ryder, Oliver A. Fuchs, Jerome Bunce, Michael Burt, David W. Cracraft, Joel Meng, Guanliang Hackett, Shannon J. Ryan, Peter G. Jonsson, Knud Andreas Jamieson, Ian G. da Fonseca, Rute R. Braun, Edward L. Houde, Peter Mirarab, Siavash Suh, Alexander Hansson, Bengt Ponnikas, Suvi Sigeman, Hanna Stervander, Martin Frandsen, Paul B. van der Zwan, Henriette van der Sluis, Rencia Visser, Carina Balakrishnan, Christopher N. Clark, Andrew G. Fitzpatrick, John W. Bowman, Reed Chen, Nancy Cloutier, Alison Sackton, Timothy B. Edwards, Scott V. Foote, Dustin J. Shakya, Subir B. Sheldon, Frederick H. Vignal, Alain Soares, Andre E. R. Shapiro, Beth Gonzalez-Solis, Jacob Ferrer-Obiol, Joan Rozas, Julio Riutort, Marta Tigano, Anna Friesen, Vicki Dalen, Love Urrutia, Araxi O. Szekely, Tamas Liu, Yang Campana, Michael G. Corvelo, Andre Fleischer, Robert C. Rutherford, Kim M. Gemmell, Neil J. Dussex, Nicolas Mouritsen, Henrik Thiele, Nadine Delmore, Kira Liedvogel, Miriam Franke, Andre Hoeppner, Marc P. Krone, Oliver Fudickar, Adam M. Mila, Borja Ketterson, Ellen D. Fidler, Andrew Eric Friis, Guillermo Parody-Merino, Angela M. Battley, Phil F. Cox, Murray P. Lima, Nicholas Costa Barroso Prosdocimi, Francisco Parchman, Thomas Lee Schlinger, Barney A. Loiselle, Bette A. Blake, John G. Lim, Haw Chuan Day, Lainy B. Fuxjager, Matthew J. Baldwin, Maude W. Braun, Michael J. Wirthlin, Morgan Dikow, China National GeneBank BGI-Shenzhen Shenzhen China State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming China BGI-Shenzhen Shenzhen China Villum Centre for Biodiversity Genomics Section for Ecology and Evolution Department of Biology University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark BGI Education Center University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen China MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection Life Sciences Institute Zhejiang University Hangzhou China Department of Neuroscience and Developmental Biology University of Vienna Vienna Austria Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming China James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences Hangzhou China UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute UC Santa Cruz Santa Cruz CA USA Natural History Museum of Denmark University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark Center for Macroecology Evolution and Climate GLOBE Institute University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark Department of Biological Sciences Louisiana State University Baton Rouge LA USA Museum of Natural Science Louisiana State University Baton Rouge LA USA Centre of Excellence for Omics-Driven Computational Biodiscovery (COMBio) Faculty of Applied Sciences AIMST University Kedah Malaysia Section for Evolutionary Genomics The GLOBE Institute Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark Institute of Molecular Biology National Academy of Sciences Yerevan Armenia University Museum Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway Center for Reproductive Medicine The 2nd Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou China Novogene Durham NC USA Duke University Medical Center Durham NC USA The Rockefeller University New York NY USA Howard Hughes Medical Institute Chevy Chase MD USA Department of Dermatology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria

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Constraints on black-hole charges with the 2017 EHT observations of M87*

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Physical Review D 2021年第10期103卷 104047-104047页

作者： Prashant Kocherlakota Luciano Rezzolla Heino Falcke Christian M. Fromm Michael Kramer Yosuke Mizuno Antonios Nathanail Héctor Olivares Ziri Younsi Kazunori Akiyama Antxon Alberdi Walter Alef Juan Carlos Algaba Richard Anantua Keiichi Asada Rebecca Azulay Anne-Kathrin Baczko David Ball Mislav Baloković John Barrett Bradford A. Benson Dan Bintley Lindy Blackburn Raymond Blundell Wilfred Boland Katherine L. Bouman Geoffrey C. Bower Hope Boyce Michael Bremer Christiaan D. Brinkerink Roger Brissenden Silke Britzen Avery E. Broderick Dominique Broguiere Thomas Bronzwaer Do-Young Byun John E. Carlstrom Andrew Chael Chi-kwan Chan Shami Chatterjee Koushik Chatterjee Ming-Tang Chen Yongjun Chen (陈永军) Paul M. Chesler Ilje Cho Pierre Christian John E. Conway James M. Cordes Thomas M. Crawford Geoffrey B. Crew Alejandro Cruz-Osorio Yuzhu Cui Jordy Davelaar Mariafelicia De Laurentis Roger Deane Jessica Dempsey Gregory Desvignes Sheperd S. Doeleman Ralph P. Eatough Joseph Farah Vincent L. Fish Ed Fomalont Raquel Fraga-Encinas Per Friberg H. Alyson Ford Antonio Fuentes Peter Galison Charles F. Gammie Roberto García Olivier Gentaz Boris Georgiev Ciriaco Goddi Roman Gold José L. Gómez Arturo I. Gómez-Ruiz Minfeng Gu (顾敏峰) Mark Gurwell Kazuhiro Hada Daryl Haggard Michael H. Hecht Ronald Hesper Luis C. Ho (何子山) Paul Ho Mareki Honma Chih-Wei L. Huang Lei Huang (黄磊) David H. Hughes Shiro Ikeda Makoto Inoue Sara Issaoun David J. James Buell T. Jannuzi Michael Janssen Britton Jeter Wu Jiang (江悟) Alejandra Jimenez-Rosales Michael D. Johnson Svetlana Jorstad Taehyun Jung Mansour Karami Ramesh Karuppusamy Tomohisa Kawashima Garrett K. Keating Mark Kettenis Dong-Jin Kim Jae-Young Kim Jongsoo Kim Junhan Kim Motoki Kino Jun Yi Koay Yutaro Kofuji Patrick M. Koch Shoko Koyama Carsten Kramer Thomas P. Krichbaum Cheng-Yu Kuo Tod R. Lauer Sang-Sung Lee Aviad Levis Yan-Rong Li (李彦荣) Zhiyuan Li (李志远) Michael Lindqvist Rocco Lico Greg Lindahl Jun Liu (刘俊) Kuo Liu Elisabetta Liuzzo Wen-Ping Lo Andrei P. Lobanov Laurent Loinard Colin Lonsdale Ru-Sen Lu Institut für Theoretische Physik Goethe-Universität Max-von-Laue-Strasse 1 60438 Frankfurt Germany Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies Ruth-Moufang-Strasse 1 60438 Frankfurt Germany School of Mathematics Trinity College Dublin 2 Ireland Department of Astrophysics Institute for Mathematics Astrophysics and Particle Physics (IMAPP) Radboud University P.O. Box 9010 6500 GL Nijmegen Netherlands Black Hole Initiative at Harvard University 20 Garden Street Cambridge Massachusetts 02138 USA Center for Astrophysics—Harvard & Smithsonian 60 Garden Street Cambridge Massachusetts 02138 USA Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie Auf dem Hügel 69 D-53121 Bonn Germany Tsung-Dao Lee Institute and School of Physics and Astronomy Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China Institut für Theoretische Physik Goethe-Universität Frankfurt Max-von-Laue-Straße 1 D-60438 Frankfurt am Main Germany Department of Physics National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Panepistimiopolis GR 15783 Zografos Greece Mullard Space Science Laboratory University College London Holmbury St. Mary Dorking Surrey RH5 6NT United Kingdom Massachusetts Institute of Technology Haystack Observatory 99 Millstone Road Westford Massachusetts 01886 USA National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka Tokyo 181-8588 Japan Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n E-18008 Granada Spain Department of Physics Faculty of Science University of Malaya 50603 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Center for Computational Astrophysics Flatiron Institute 162 Fifth Avenue New York New York 10010 USA Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics Academia Sinica 11F of Astronomy-Mathematics Building AS/NTU No. 1 Sec. 4 Roosevelt Rd Taipei 10617 Taiwan R.O.C. Departament d’Astronomia i Astrofísica Universitat de València C. Dr. Moliner 50 E-46100 Burjassot València Spain Observatori Astronòmic Universitat de València C. Catedrático José Beltrán 2 E-46980 Paterna

Our understanding of strong gravity near supermassive compact objects has recently improved thanks to the measurements made by the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT). We use here the M87* shadow size to infer constraints on the physical charges of a large variety of nonrotating or rotating black holes. For example, we show that the quality of the measurements is already sufficient to rule out that M87* is a highly charged dilaton black hole. Similarly, when considering black holes with two physical and independent charges, we are able to exclude considerable regions of the space of parameters for the doubly-charged dilaton and the Sen black holes.

关键词： Alternative gravity theories Experimental studies of gravity General relativity Radio, microwave, & sub-mm astronomy Accretion disk & black-hole plasma Classical black holes Galaxies Electromagnetic radiation astronomy

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