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A new metric for evaluating the performance and complexity of computer programs: A new approach to the traditional ways of measuring the complexity of algorithms and estimating running times 23

A new metric for evaluating the performance and complexity o...

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23rd International Conference on control Systems and computer Science Technologies, CSCS 2021

作者： Folea, Rares Slusanschi, Emil-Ioan University Politehnica of Bucharest Faculty of Automatic Control and Computers Computer Science and Engineering Department Bucharest Romania

ISBN: (纸本)9781665439398

This paper presents a refined complexity calculus model: r-Complexity, a new asymptotic notation that offers better complexity feedback for similar programs than the traditional Bachmann-Landau notation, providing subtle insights even for algorithms that are part of the same conventional complexity class. The architecture-dependent metric represents an enhancement that provides better sensitivity with respect to discrete analysis. © 2021 IEEE.

关键词： Calculations

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CAMETA: Conflict-Aware Multi-Agent Estimated Time of Arrival Prediction for Mobile Robots

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Sejersen, Jonas le Fevre Kayacan, Erdal Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Aarhus University Aarhus C8000 Denmark Automatic Control Group Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology Paderborn University Paderborn Germany

This study presents the conflict-aware multi-agent estimated time of arrival (CAMETA) framework, a novel approach for predicting the arrival times of multiple agents in unstructured environments without predefined road infrastructure. The CAMETA framework consists of three components: a path planning layer generating potential path suggestions, a multi-agent ETA prediction layer predicting the arrival times for all agents based on the paths, and lastly, a path selection layer that calculates the accumulated cost and selects the best path. The novelty of the CAMETA framework lies in the heterogeneous map representation and the heterogeneous graph neural network architecture. As a result of the proposed novel structure, CAMETA improves the generalization capability compared to the state-of-the-art methods that rely on structured road infrastructure and historical data. The simulation results demonstrate the efficiency and efficacy of the multi-agent ETA prediction layer, with a mean average percentage error improvement of 29.5% and 44% when compared to a traditional path planning method (A∗) which does not consider conflicts. The performance of the CAMETA framework shows significant improvements in terms of robustness to noise and conflicts as well as determining proficient routes compared to state-of-the-art multi-agent path planners. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Mobile robots

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On the Gaussian Filtering for Nonlinear Dynamic Systems Using Variational Inference 27

On the Gaussian Filtering for Nonlinear Dynamic Systems Usin...

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27th International Conference on Information Fusion, FUSION 2024

作者： Liu, Yi Li, Xi Yang, Le Mihaylova, Lyudmila Li, Ji University of Canterbury Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Christchurch New Zealand National University of Defense Technology State Key Lab of Complex Electromagnetic Environment Effects on Electronics and Information Systems Changsha China University of Sheffield Department of Automatic Control and System Engineering Sheffield United Kingdom Locaris Electronic Technology Co. Ltd Zhengzhou China

ISBN: (纸本)9781737749769

This paper introduces a new variational Gaussian filtering approach for estimating the state of a nonlinear dynamic system. We first assume that the predictive distribution of the state is Gaussian and derive an iterative method for updating the state posterior in the natural parameter space through KullbackLeibler divergence minimization. The obtained update rule is the same as that of the conjugate-computation variational inference technique in Bayesian learning. The derivation here is simpler and more insightful. We then impose a Wishart prior on the inverse of the state prediction covariance to take into account the impact of approximating the state predictive distribution using a Gaussian density on the state posterior estimation. The prediction covariance is identified jointly with the state using variational inference and the established state posterior update rule to achieve the desired Gaussian filtering. Simulation study examines the performance of the proposed filtering framework in target tracking based on bearing and range measurements. © 2024 ISIF.

关键词： Wiener filtering

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A Deep Learning Approach for Faults Recognition of Dissolved Oxygen Sensor in Wastewater Treatment Plants 28

A Deep Learning Approach for Faults Recognition of Dissolved...

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28th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, ETFA 2023

作者： Ghinea, Liliana Maria Miron, Mihaela Ratnaweera, Harsha Electrical Engineering and Electronics Faculty of Automation Computers Department of Automatic Control and Electrical Engineering Department Galaţi Romania Computers Electrical Engineering and Electronics Faculty of Automation Department of Computer Science and Information Technology Galaţi Romania Norwegian University of Life Sciences Faculty of Science and Technology Oslo Norway

ISBN: (纸本)9798350339918

Fault diagnosis in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is important to protect communities and ecosystems from toxic elements discharged into water. In this sense, fault identification of sensors plays an important role as they are the key components of the water plants control, especially because environmental legislation is very strict when referring to failures or anomalies in WWTPs. This paper analyzes the performances of two Deep Learning models, a Feedforward Neural Network (FFNN) and a 1D Convolution Neural Network (1DCNN) for identifying five operating states of the dissolved oxygen (DO) sensor: normal and faulty (bias, stuck, spike and precision degradation faults). The experiments were conducted on the Benchmark Simulator Model No 2 (BSM2) developed by the IWA Task Group. The performance of the Deep Learning (DL) classifiers was evaluated via accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score metrics. The best overall classification accuracy was obtained by FFNN, 98.32% for training and 98.30% for testing. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Wastewater treatment

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Out-of-distribution Object Detection through Bayesian Uncertainty Estimation

Out-of-distribution Object Detection through Bayesian Uncert...

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International Conference on Information Fusion

作者： Tianhao Zhang Shenglin Wang Nidhal Bouaynaya Radu Calinescu Lyudmila Mihaylova Automatic Control and Systems Engineering The University of Sheffield UK Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rowan University USA Department of Computer Science University of York UK

The superior performance of object detectors is often established under the condition that the test samples are in the same distribution as the training data. However, in many practical applications, out-of-distribution (OOD) instances are inevitable and usually lead to uncertainty in the results. In this paper, we propose a novel, intuitive, and scalable probabilistic object detection method for OOD detection. Unlike other uncertainty-modeling methods that either require huge computational costs to infer the weight distributions or rely on model training through synthetic outlier data, our method is able to distinguish between in-distribution (ID) data and OOD data via weight parameter sampling from proposed Gaussian distributions based on pre-trained networks. We demonstrate that our Bayesian object detector can achieve satisfactory OOD identification performance by reducing the FPR95 score by up to 8.19% and increasing the AUROC score by up to 13.94% when trained on BDD100k and VOC datasets as the ID datasets and evaluated on COCO2017 dataset as the OOD dataset.

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Haptic object identification for advanced manipulation skills 9th

Haptic object identification for advanced manipulation skill...

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9th International Conference on Biomimetic and Biohybrid Systems, Living Machines 2020

作者： Gabler, Volker Maier, Korbinian Endo, Satoshi Wollherr, Dirk Automatic Control Engineering Munich Germany Information Oriented Control Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Technical University of Munich Munich Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783030643126

In order to identify the characteristics of unknown objects, humans-in contrast to robotic systems-are experts in exploiting their sensory and motoric abilities to refine visual information via haptic perception. While recent research has focused on either estimating the geometry or material properties, this work strives to combine these aspects by outlining a probabilistic framework that efficiently refines initial knowledge from visual sensors by generating a belief state over the object shape while simultaneously learn material parameters. Specifically, we present a grid-based and a shape-based exploration strategy, that both apply the concepts of Bayesian-Filter theory in order to decrease the uncertainty. Furthermore, the presented framework is able to learn about the geometry as well as to distinguish areas of different material types by applying unsupervised machine learning methods. The experimental results from a virtual exploration task highlight the potential of the presented methods towards enabling robots to autonomously explore unknown objects, yielding information about shape and structure of the underlying object and thus, opening doors to robotic applications where environmental knowledge is limited. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020.

关键词： Autonomous agents

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Traffic Sign Detection With Event Cameras and DCNN 25

Traffic Sign Detection With Event Cameras and DCNN

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25th IEEE Signal Processing: Algorithms, Architectures, Arrangements, and Applications, SPA 2022

作者： Wzorek, Piotr Kryjak, Tomasz Embedded Vision Systems Group Agh University of Science and Technology Computer Vision Laboratory Department of Automatic Control and Robotics Kraków Poland Silesian University of Technology Department of Digital Systems Gliwice Poland

ISBN: (数字)9788362065424

ISBN: (纸本)9788362065424

In recent years, event cameras (DVS - Dynamic Vision Sensors) have been used in vision systems as an alternative or supplement to traditional cameras. They are characterised by high dynamic range, high temporal resolution, low latency, and reliable performance in limited lighting conditions - parameters that are particularly important in the context of advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) and self-driving cars. In this work, we test whether these rather novel sensors can be applied to the popular task of traffic sign detection. To this end, we analyse different representations of the event data: event frame, event frequency, and the exponentially decaying time surface, and apply video frame reconstruction using a deep neural network called FireNet. We use the deep convolutional neural network YOLOv4 as a detector. For particular representations, we obtain a detection accuracy in the range of 86.9-88.9% mAP@0.5. The use of a fusion of the considered representations allows us to obtain a detector with higher accuracy of 89.9% mAP@0.5. In comparison, the detector for the frames reconstructed with FireNet is characterised by an accuracy of 72.67% mAP@0.5. The results obtained illustrate the potential of event cameras in automotive applications, either as standalone sensors or in close cooperation with typical frame-based cameras. © 2022 Division of Signal Processing and Electronic Systems, Poznan University of Technology (DSPES PUT).

关键词： Cameras

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Secondary Frequency control of Dual-Port Grid Forming control

Secondary Frequency Control of Dual-Port Grid Forming Contro...

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Power Tech Conference

作者： Irina Subotic Dominic Groß Automatic Control Laboratory ETH Zürich Switzerland Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison USA

Grid-forming converters are widely envisioned to be the cornerstone of future converter-dominated power systems. However, standard grid forming (GFM) control strategies assume a fully controllable source with enough headroom behind the converter and only implicitly address renewable generation limits through the converter limits. This can lead to instabilities on time scales of both primary and secondary frequency control and jeopardize the safe and reliable operation of electric power systems. In this work, we leverage the recently proposed dual-port GFM control that maps power imbalances in the grid to the power generation interfaced by the power converter. We show that this mechanism allows for considering and transparently addressing limits of renewable generation (e.g., solar photovoltaics and wind) in primary and secondary frequency control. We illustrate that renewable generation using dual-port GFM control can directly integrate into prevailing secondary control methods such as automatic generation control (AGC). Moreover, we discuss the limitations of standard AGC when one or more areas of a power system are dominated by renewable generation and propose an anti-windup strategy to address the power generation limits of renewables. Finally, we verify our findings in a time-domain, electromagnetic transient (EMT) simulation.

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Pedestrian detection with high-resolution event camera

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Wzorek, Piotr Kryjak, Tomasz Embedded Vision Systems Group Computer Vision Laboratory Department of Automatic Control and Robotics AGH University of Krakow Poland

Despite the dynamic development of computer vision algorithms, the implementation of perception and control systems for autonomous vehicles such as drones and self-driving cars still poses many challenges. A video stream captured by traditional cameras is often prone to problems such as motion blur or degraded image quality due to challenging lighting conditions. In addition, the frame rate – typically 30 or 60 frames per second – can be a limiting factor in certain scenarios. Event cameras (DVS – Dynamic Vision Sensor) are a potentially interesting technology to address the above mentioned problems. In this paper, we compare two methods of processing event data by means of deep learning for the task of pedestrian detection. We used a representation in the form of video frames, convolutional neural networks and asynchronous sparse convolutional neural networks. The results obtained illustrate the potential of event cameras and allow the evaluation of the accuracy and efficiency of the methods used for high-resolution (1280 x 720 pixels) footage. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Cameras

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Risk-Aware Wasserstein Distributionally Robust control of Vessels in Natural Waterways

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Nadales, Juan Moreno Hakobyan, Astghik de la Peña, David Muñoz Limon, Daniel Yang, Insoon The Department of Automatic Control and System Engineering University of Seville Spain The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Seoul National University Korea Republic of

In the realm of maritime transportation, autonomous vessel navigation in natural inland waterways faces persistent challenges due to unpredictable natural factors. Existing scheduling algorithms fall short in handling these uncertainties, compromising both safety and efficiency. Moreover, these algorithms are primarily designed for non-autonomous vessels, leading to labor-intensive operations vulnerable to human error. To address these issues, this study proposes a risk-aware motion control approach for vessels that accounts for the dynamic and uncertain nature of tide islands in a distributionally robust manner. Specifically, a model predictive control method is employed to follow the reference trajectory in the time-space map while incorporating a risk constraint to prevent grounding accidents. To address uncertainties in tide islands, a novel modeling technique represents them as stochastic polytopes. Additionally, potential inaccuracies in waterway depth are addressed through a risk constraint that considers the worst-case uncertainty distribution within a Wasserstein ambiguity set around the empirical distribution. Using sensor data collected in the Guadalquivir River, we empirically demonstrate the performance of the proposed method through simulations on a vessel. As a result, the vessel successfully navigates the waterway while avoiding grounding accidents, even with a limited dataset of observations. This stands in contrast to existing non-robust controllers, highlighting the robustness and practical applicability of the proposed approach. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Stochastic systems

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