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Far-field far-subwavelength spatial resolution using relative motion with structured illumination

Physical Review A 2024年第2期109卷 023509-023509页

作者： Justin A. Patel Christopher M. Lacny Vivek Raghuram Kevin J. Webb School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana 47907-2035 USA

Relative motion of structured optical illumination with respect to an object and far-field measurement of intensity are presented as a means to obtain far-subwavelength spatial resolution with a direct imaging arrangement. The principle behind this approach is that the variable interaction of an object with a background field generates information about nanometer-scale features that is encoded in the propagating plane-wave spectrum, allowing far-field data that are modulated with motion according to the nanostructure. Information theory supports this superresolution mechanism and illustrates sensitivity with respect to the illumination and detection arrangements. Simulations indicate that available lasers and detectors would enable a resolution of λ/1000 with modest signal-to-noise requirements and single-pixel detection. Relative motion in structured fields is shown to enhance spatial resolution achievable using data inversion with constraints. Importantly, far-subwavelength sensitivity is shown to be achievable even when the illuminating field is unknown. These results suggest applications that include material defect detection and unlabeled protein sensing, and direct extensions to estimating geometrical features at unprecedented spatial resolution become possible.

关键词： Classical optics Imaging & optical processing Structured light

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Dual-Use of OTFS Architecture for Pulse Doppler Radar Processing

Dual-Use of OTFS Architecture for Pulse Doppler Radar Proces...

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2022 IEEE Radar Conference, RadarConf 2022

作者： Bondre, Akshay S. Richmond, Christ D. School of Electrical Computer and Energy Engineering Arizona State University Tempe United States Duke University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering DurhamNC United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781728153698

Orthogonal time frequency space (OTFS) modulation is a recently proposed modulation scheme that places the information symbols to be transmitted over the wireless channel in the delay-Doppler (DD) domain. In this paper, we argue that the OTFS discrete DD domain has a natural connection to the range-Doppler matrix encountered in radar signal processing. We show that we can transmit an arbitrary desired pulsed radar signal using an OTFS transmitter if the DD domain symbols at the input of the OTFS transmitter are given by the discrete Zak transform (DZT) of the desired signal. Furthermore, we show that the OTFS receiver processing is identical to that of a basic pulse Doppler radar receiver. Thus, we propose a framework to achieve pulse Doppler radar processing using an existing OTFS communications architecture, where the demodulated OTFS DD frame represents the range-Doppler matrix corresponding to the scattering environment. This dual-use of OTFS has an advantage in the shared spectrum context. We demonstrate this OTFS-based radar system with the help of a simulated example to detect the range and velocity of moving targets in a scattering environment. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Transmitters

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A decouple-decomposition noise analysis model for closed-loop mode-localized tilt sensors

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2023年第6期9卷 297-307页

作者： Kunfeng Wang XingYin Xiong Zheng Wang Liangbo Ma BoWen Wang WuHao Yang Xiaorui Bie ZhiTian Li XuDong Zou The State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology Aerospace Information Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina School of Electronic Electrical and Communication EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA Shangdong Key Laboratory of Low-altitude Airspace Surveillance Network Technology QiLu Aerospace Information Research InstituteJinanChina

The development of mode-localized sensors based on amplitude output metrics has attracted increasing attention in recent years due to the potential of such sensors for high sensitivity and ***-localization phenomena leverage the interaction between multiple coupled resonant modes to achieve enhanced performance,providing a promising solution to overcome the limitations of traditional sensing *** noise plays a key role in determining the resolution of mode-localized sensors,as the output metric is derived from the measured AR(amplitude ratio)within the weakly coupled resonator ***,the amplitude noise originating from the weakly coupled resonator's closed-loop circuit has not yet been fully *** paper presents a decouple-decomposition(DD)noise analysis model,which is applied to achieve high resolution in a mode-localized tilt sensor based on a weakly coupled resonator closed-loop *** DD noise model separates the weakly coupled resonators using the decoupling method considering the nonlinearity of the *** integrating the decoupled weakly coupled resonators,the model decomposes the weakly coupled resonator's closed-loop circuit into distinct paths for amplitude and phase noise *** DD noise model reveals noise effects at various circuit nodes and models the system noise in the closed-loop circuit of the weakly coupled ***/Simulink simulations verify the model's accuracy when compared to theoretical *** the optimal operating point,the mode-localized tilt sensor achieves an input-referred instability of 3.91×10^(-4°)and an input-referred AR of PSD of 2.01×10^(-4°)⁄√Hz using the closed-loop noise *** model is also applicable to other varieties of mode-localized sensors.

关键词： weakly couple overcome

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Application of Max Flow- Min Cut Theory To Find The Best Placement Of Electronic-based DC-PFCs For Enhancing Static Security In MT-HVDC Meshed Grids 30

Application of Max Flow- Min Cut Theory To Find The Best Pla...

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30th International Conference on electrical engineering, ICEE 2022

作者： Pourmirasghariyan, Mirhamed Milimonfared, Jafar Yazdi, Seyed Saeid Heidari Biglo, Ali Haji Ali Rouzbehi, Kumars AmirKabir University of Technology Electrical Engineering Departement Iran Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Nur-Sultan Kazakhstan University of Tehran School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Tehran Iran Loyola University Andalusia Department Engineering Seville Spain

ISBN: (纸本)9781665480871

This paper proposes an approach for selecting an optimal placement and control variable setting by finding the worst contingencies for the recently proposed Interline Direct Current Power Flow Controller (IDC-PFC) in MultiTerminal High-Voltage DC (MT-HVDC) Grids based on Max Flow- Min Cut Theory. It is for Optimal PFCs' placements that purposes to optimize the maximum capacities of the transmission grid. Optimal settings for finding the most critical HVDC lines in a meshed grid and deciding where to place the PFC afterward. The controllable Voltage Source Converters (VSC)s are computed by applying a sequential quadratic programming solver in MatLab to the developed security-based DC optimal power flow problem including several corrective constraints. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Electric load flow

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Research on the Transient Potential Rise Characteristics of High - speed Railway Rail Lightning Strike and Its Impact on Trackside Signal Equipment 37

Research on the Transient Potential Rise Characteristics of ...

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37th International Conference on Lightning Protection, ICLP 2024

作者： Wang, Shulai Xiang, Nianwen Wang, Chaoqun Lyu, Zengwei Chen, Zhiwei School of Electrical Engineering and Automation Hefei University of Technology Hefei China Institute of Energy Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center Hefei China School of Computer Science and Information Engineering Hefei University of Technology Hefei China

ISBN: (纸本)9783800764174

Lightning strikes on the catenary will cause a sharp rise in rail potential, which directly threatens the safety of the signal equipment connected to the rail along the trackside. It is urgent to carry out research on the propagation law of transient overvoltage on rails caused by lightning strikes on the catenary. A rail lightning electromagnetic transient calculation model considering the influence of integrated grounding system and catenary is established, and the influence law of different lightning strike point positions, different pier heights, and different lightning current waveforms on the distribution of rail potential rise is calculated. The specific conclusions are as follows: when lightning strikes different positions within a catenary span, the rail potential within 700m near the lightning strike point will exceed the lightning strike tolerance level of the trackside signal equipment, causing equipment damage. The potential rise increases by about 9 kV;for every 5 m increase in pier height, the rail potential rise increases by about 16%. Based on the law of the rail potential rise, the common-mode protection methods for the trackside signal equipment are proposed by appropriately reducing the horizontal connection distance of uplink and downlink ground wires to decrease the rail potential and installing common-mode protection devices. © 2024 IEEE, © VDE VERLAG GMBH ∙ Berlin ∙ Offenbach.

关键词： Signaling equipment

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Human action recognition in immersive virtual reality based on multi-scale spatio-temporal attention network

Human action recognition in immersive virtual reality based ...

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作者： Xiao, Zhiyong Chen, Yukun Zhou, Xinlei He, Mingwei Liu, Li Yu, Feng Jiang, Minghua School of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Wuhan Textile University Wuhan China School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore Singapore Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province for Clothing Information Wuhan China

Wearable human action recognition (HAR) has practical applications in daily life. However, traditional HAR methods solely focus on identifying user movements, lacking interactivity and user engagement. This paper proposes a novel immersive HAR method called MovPosVR. Virtual reality (VR) technology is employed to create realistic scenes and enhance the user experience. To improve the accuracy of user action recognition in immersive HAR, a multi-scale spatio-temporal attention network (MSSTANet) is proposed. The network combines the convolutional residual squeeze and excitation (CRSE) module with the multi-branch convolution and long short-term memory (MCLSTM) module to extract spatio-temporal features and automatically select relevant features from action signals. Additionally, a multi-head attention with shared linear mechanism (MHASLM) module is designed to facilitate information interaction, further enhancing feature extraction and improving accuracy. The MSSTANet network achieves superior performance, with accuracy rates of 99.33% and 98.83% on the publicly available WISDM and PAMPA2 datasets, respectively, surpassing state-of-the-art networks. Our method showcases the potential to display user actions and position information in a virtual world, enriching user experiences and interactions across diverse application scenarios. © 2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

关键词： human activity recognition multi-scale feature spatio-temporal feature virtual reality

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DFedCL: Decentralized Federated Collaborative Learning with Privacy Protection

DFedCL: Decentralized Federated Collaborative Learning with ...

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2024 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, SMC 2024

作者： Hu, Jifei Li, Yanli Liu, Lifa Lou, Hua Vocational and Technical College Lishui University Zhejiang Lishui323000 China School of Artificial Intelligence and Computer Science Nantong University Jiangsu Nantong226019 China School of Electrical and Computer Engineering The University of Sydney SydneyNSW2006 Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9781665410205

Federated Learning (FL) is a new machine learning paradigm that enables multiple clients to collaboratively train a global model without sharing raw data. To achieve privacy protection, existing FL methods incorporate artificial noise into client model updates to ensure differential privacy (DP). However, these DP-FL approaches are vulnerable to single-point failures at the server node and suffer significant performance declines in non-independent and identically distributed (non-IID) scenarios. To mitigate the research gap, we propose the Decentralized Federated Collaborative Learning (DFedCL.) DFedCL framework is designed as a fully decentralized system where clients can directly share updated models without a server node. Within this framework, each client maintains a private model locally and uses a sharing model for information exchange. These two models are collaboratively trained and updated in each learning iteration based on the noise-added gradients generated. To improve the model generalization ability and enhance model learning performance in non-IID scenarios, we further propose the SAM-based update correction, applied by the sharing model exchange. We evaluate our proposed DFedCL through MNIST and CIFAR-10 datasets in different non-IID degrees, the experimental results show the DFedCL achieves state-of-the-art performance. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Federated learning

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Scaling Distributed Collaboration in Mixed Reality

Scaling Distributed Collaboration in Mixed Reality

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2025 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI EA 2025

作者： Genay, Adélaïde Syiem, Brandon Victor Wong, Emily Feuchtner, Tiare Knibbe, Jarrod Grønbæk, Jens Emil Sloth Velloso, Eduardo School of Computer Science University of Sydney SydneyNSW Australia School of Computing and Information Systems The University of Melbourne MelbourneVIC Australia HCI Group University of Konstanz Konstanz Germany Department of Computer Science Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science The University of Queensland St. LuciaQLD Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9798400713958

Distributed collaboration in Mixed Reality (MR) promises to revolutionise how people connect across different physical environments, offering experiences akin to face-to-face interactions. However, previous work has mostly focused on enabling this vision in overly simplified settings such as with only two users interacting in identical distributed environments. Scaling current systems to work with large groups and for common real-life scenarios is a persistent challenge that requires addressing multiple tensions. We identified six challenges: 1) supporting locally congruent actions from heterogeneous remote spaces, 2) communicating accurate user behaviours through virtual representation instead of physical bodies, 3) facilitating organic group interactions within limited physical space, 4) maintaining conversational dynamics even in asynchronous exchanges, 5) providing equal access to physical objects for all participants, and 6) enabling efficient task switching within a complex ecology of applications, devices, and accessibility needs. This workshop aims to gather researchers and practitioners to explore actionable strategies for resolving these challenges. Through a mix of presentations, hands-on activities, and group discussions, participants will generate new ideas and develop a research agenda to articulate the future of MR collaboration systems. The workshop outcomes will include a list of concrete next steps for the community to bring distributed MR collaboration at scale. © 2025 Copyright held by the owner/author(s).

关键词： Grid computing

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Research on the detection and analysis of weak signals with low SNR based on the Welch algorithm 24

Research on the detection and analysis of weak signals with ...

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2nd International Conference on Communication networks and Machine Learning, CNML 2024

作者： Wu, Bin Zhang, Wanqing Zhang, Jun Yu, Jing Huangfu, Taoyu Hebei Key Laboratory of Marine Perception Network and Data Processing School of Computer and Communication Engineering Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao Hebei Qinhuangdao China Southeast University Jiangsu Nanjing China

ISBN: (纸本)9798400711688

Submarines are vital for military defense and national security in strategic communication systems. Power Spectral Density (PSD) characterizes signal spectrum frequency dependence and is crucial for analyzing broadband random signals. This study proposes a simplified PSD estimation method using the Welch algorithm for detecting weak signals in noisy environments, particularly in submarine communications. MATLAB simulations demonstrate that the Welch algorithm with a Blackman window function and 512-point overlap improves variance performance and resolution, especially in low signal-to-noise ratio conditions. The results underscore the algorithm’s effectiveness in enhancing signal detection in submarines. © 2024 Copyright held by the owner/author(s).

关键词： MATLAB

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Extrinsic Calibration Method for GNSS/IMU and LiDAR with the Custom Calibration Pattern

Extrinsic Calibration Method for GNSS/IMU and LiDAR with the...

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2023 IEEE International Conference on electrical, Automation and computer engineering, ICEACE 2023

作者： Yan, Chao Ye, Fei Xue, Guoqiang Bai, Wentao Gong, Yefei School of Electrical Engineering and Automation Changshu Institute of Technology China School of Automobile Engineering Changshu Institute of Technology China Business School Changshu Institute of Technology China School of Computer Science and Engineering Changshu Institute of Technology China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350309614

In this paper, a novel approach for extrinsic calibration of GNSS/IMU and multiline LiDAR sensors in ground-based SLAM systems is presented. LiDAR and GNSS/IMU sensors are widely used in SLAM systems for sensing and localization. However, precise calibration of the extrinsic parameters between these sensors is crucial for successful sensor fusion. The extrinsic calibration involves determining the translation and rotation matrices, denoted as t and R respectively, which characterize the relative position and orientation between the GNSS/IMU and LiDAR sensors. To achieve accurate calibration, a specially designed calibration plate is introduced in this approach. One major advantage of this method is that it can be performed in a static setting, eliminating the need to calculate LiDAR odometry. This allows for continuous and highly accurate GNSS/IMU positional data acquisition. Additionally, by moving the combination to accumulate multiple poses, the method ensures that the GNSS/IMU and multiline LiDAR sensors have only one fixed attitude during calibration. This increases the robustness of the calibration results. To validate the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, simulated and measured datasets are used for quantitative and qualitative assessments. The results demonstrate the accuracy and reliability of the extrinsic calibration approach. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： custom calibration pattern extrinsic calibration GNSS/IMU LiDAR Simultaneous Localization and Mapping

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