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Proceedings of the IASTED International Conference on Applied Simulation and Modelling

作者： Abdel-Malek, Karim Yang, Jingzhou Mi, Zan Patel, Virendra C. Nebel, Kyle Virtual Soldier Research Program Center for Computer Aided Design University of Iowa Iowa City IA 52246 U.S Army TACOM RDECOM 6501 East 11 Mile Rd. Warren MI 48397-5000

ISBN: (纸本)0889864012

Many tasks require the arm to move from its initial position to a specified target position without any constraints or via a point for a curved path in case of obstacle avoidance. In this paper we present a formulation for predicting the human upper body motion. Having obtained the desired path in Cartesian space using the minimum jerk theory and represented each joint motion by a B-spline curve with unknown parameters (i.e., control points), an optimization approach, instead of inverse kinematics, is used to calculate control points of each joint spline curve. Cost function includes multi-part: (1) discomfort function that evaluates displacement of each joint away from its neutral position;(2) inconsistency function, which is the joint rate change (first derivative) and predicted overall trend from the initial point to the end point;(3) nonsmoothness function of the trajectory, which is the second derivative of the joint trajectory;(4) noncontinuity function, which is the amplitudes of joint angle rates at the start and end points. While this work has been limited to a 15-degree-of-freedom (DOF) of the upper body, the theory presented herein is expandable to any part of the body that can be represented as segmental links of a kinematic chain. Illustrative examples are presented and an interface is set up to visualize the results.

关键词： Motion estimation

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design and analysis of a cable actuated hand prosthesis

Design and analysis of a cable actuated hand prosthesis

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2004 ASME design Engineering Technical Conferences and computers and Information in Engineering Conference

作者： Yang, Jingzhou Abdel-Malek, Karim Pitarch, Esteban Peña Virtual Soldier Research Program Center for Computer-Aided Design University of Iowa Iowa City IA 52242-1000 United States Departament Enginyeria Mecanica Av. Bases de Manresa 61-73 08240 Manresa Spain

design and analysis of a cable actuated hand prosthesis is presented. The hand has multi-actuated fingers, four with two joints, and the thumb with three joints. Each joint is designed using a novel flexible mechanism based on the loading of a compression spring in both transverse and axial directions and using cable-conduit systems. The rotational motion is transformed to tendon-like behavior, which enables the location of the actuators to be far from the arm (e.g., on a belt around the waist). It is shown that the solution of the transverse deflection of each finger segment is obtained in a general form through a Haringx model followed by an element stiffness model. Also, we use a FEM model (ANSYS) to visualize the deflection of one finger. A prototypic finger is experimentally tested, results are verified, and the hand prosthesis is built.

关键词： Prosthetics

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Mid-level cad packages as stepping stones for solid modeling education

Mid-level cad packages as stepping stones for solid modeling...

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2001 ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition: Peppers, Papers, Pueblos and Professors

作者： Schweitzer, Steven J. Klegka, John S. United States Military Academy West Point Mechanical Engineering Program Department of Civil Engineering US Military Academy Computer Aided Design Courses United States Military Academy

Introductory courses to 3-D solid modeling have the difficult tasks of both introducing 3-D solid modeling concepts and instructing the use of a particular software package to exercise these concepts. In many settings more time is spent learning how to use the solid modeling software than understanding the conceptual techniques of visualizing 3-D solid objects. The use of mid-level computer aided design (CAD) packages with built in tutorials can greatly reduce the amount of time spent learning how to use the software and allow the instructor to focus on conceptual understanding. Most mid-level CAD packages do not offer the power or functionality of the larger, more robust software used by industry, but their ease of use makes them a great first step in educating a student in 3-D solid modeling. Several mid-level CAD packages are made or supported by producers of large, industry accepted CAD packages. This relationship makes it easy to use the mid-level CAD package as an instructional tool toward teaching the industry standard CAD package. The instructor is still faced, however, with the task of selecting the appropriate software. This paper will describe a process for selecting an optimum package from among a variety of contenders. It will also explore the use of Parametric Technologies Corporation's (PTC) Pro/Desktop as a stepping-stone for the use of PTC's Pro/Engineer.

关键词： Engineering education

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Optimization-Based Layout design

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Applied Bionics and Biomechanics 2000年第1期2卷 187-196页

作者： K. Abdel-Malek Z. Mi J. Yang K. Nebel Virtual Soldier Research Program Center for Computer-Aided Design The University of Iowa 111 Engineering Research Facility Iowa City IA 52242-1000 USAuiowa.edu U.S. Army TACOM/RDECOM AMSRD-TAR-NAC/157 6501 East 11 Mile Rd. Warren MI 48397-5000 USA

The layout problem is of importance to ergonomists, vehicle/cockpit packaging engineers, designers of manufacturing assembly lines, designers concerned with the placement of levers, knobs, controls, etc. in the reachable workspace of a human, and also to users of digital human modeling code, where digital prototyping has become a valuable tool. This paper proposes a hybrid optimization method (gradient-based optimization and simulated annealing) to obtain the layout design. We implemented the proposed algorithm for a project at Oral-B Laboratories, where a manufacturing cell involves an operator who handles three objects, some with the left hand, others with the right hand.

关键词： Layout design global optimization ergonomics human modeling

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Applying fuzzy functions and sequential coordination to optimization of machinery arrangement and pipe routing

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1998年第6期110卷 43-54页

作者： Wu, BC Young, GS Schmidt, W Choppella, K Dr. Bi-Chu Wu:received a PhD in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Maryland College Park in 1991. She has worked on projects involving naval architecture design optimization solid mechanics and database development. Presently a senwr engineer with Angle Incorporated Dr Wu's research interests are in design optimization and fuzzy logic applications. Dr. Gin-Shu Young: a senior engineer with Angle Incorporated holds a PhD in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Maryland College Park. As a guest researcher with National Institute of Standards and Technologies from 1990 to 1993 he worked on vision-based navigation for autonomous vehicles. His experience also includes applications of optimization fuzzy logic neural network and genetic algorithm methods to engineering system design Mr. William Schmidt:co-founded Angle Incorporated in 1990 and has served as Vice PresidentlChiefScientist during this tame. He holds a B.Sc. in Applied Science from the Naval Acadt?my and an M.Sc. in Physics from the Naval Post Graduate School. He has cner 20 years experience in technical leadership material and personnel management. He has led the application of computer aided design (CAD) and Product Model Information Exchange to the shipbuilding industry. His experience also includes leading the amlication of model based operational analysis to support the Live Fire Test Program for DDG 51 Class Destroyers. Mr. Krishna M. Choppella:is a Sofware Engineer at Eidea Laboratories Incotporated where he works on componentbased distributed enterpvise frameworks. He has been involved in creating data analysis tools for the US Nay by integrating CAD modeis databases and graphical front ends. His work in the Masters degree program in Mechanical Engineering at the University of Texas at Austin was in di0ddase.r spectroscopy of combustion products in porous-matri burners. He received his Bachelors degree in Electrical Engineering in India. He was a Research Associate at the Centre for Laser Technology and Project Engi

Ship design is often multidisciplinary involving several design elements with various types of objectives and constraints (O/C) some easily described as mathematical formulas, others better modeled as descriptive assertions. This paper describes a method based on fuzzy functions and an integrated performance index to model O/C using descriptive assertions to be used with mathematical formulas in optimization. Another issue addressed in this paper concerns the coordination of design elements when sequentially coupled, that is, when one leads the other and the performance of the follower depends greatly on the design of the leader. Based on neuro-fuzzy techniques, the method described here coordinates and optimizes sequentially coupled elements. The two methods are applied to machinery arrangement (MA) and pipe routing (PR). Preliminary models for optimization of MA and PR are described considering convenience, producibility: engine room size, interference and location as factors in the O/C set. Some test results from MA/PR applications are presented and discussed. The methods are generic and can be extended to other elements in ship design. They are mutually independent and may be used separately Two advantages of their use are an improvement in overall performance and a reduction in the need for redesign of elements.

关键词： Optimization

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Developing a prototype concurrent design tool for composite topside structures

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1997年第3期109卷 279-290页

作者： Dirlik, S Hambric, S Azarm, S Marquardt, M Hellman, A Bartlett, S Castelli, V Steve Dirlik:began his career at the Naval Surface Warfare Center Carderock Division in 1981 as an aerospace engineer co-op student. He completed his bachelor of science degree in aeropace and ocean engineering from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in 1985 and his master of science degree in aerospace engineering from the University of Maryland in 1990. Mr. Dirlik recently completed a master of science program in applied physics at The Johns Hopins University and currently works in the Radar Cross Section and Target Physics Branch of the Signatures Directorate at the Naval Surface Warfare Center Corderoke Division. He has worked on Navy low observable programs since 1990. Stephen Hambric:is a research associate at the Applied Research Laboratory at The Pennsylvania State University. He received his B. S. and M.S. degree in mechanical engineering from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University and his D. Sc. in mechnical engineering from the George Washington University. He has worked on several computer aided multidiscikplinary design and optimization projects over the years including an automated propeller design system and a structural acoustic optimization capability. Dr. Shpour Azarm:is currently working as an associate professor with the Design and Manufacturing Group of the Department of Mechanical Engineering at the University of maryland at College Park. Dr Azarm's expertise is in the areas of optimization-based designed and concurrent design and optimization of multidisciplinary systems. He was a consultant at Black & Decker Corporation (summer 1996) and worked as a Navy senior summer faculty fellow (summer 1995) and a NASA summer faculty fellow (summer 1994). He was a visiting scientist at NASA Langley Research Center for Multidisciplinary Analysis and Applied Structural Optimzatiom at the University of Siegen in Germany (spring 1992) and the Design Institute of the Technical University of Denmark (summer 1990). Dr Azarm was an associate technical editor of the ASME Jour

A prototype concurrent engineering tool has been developed for the preliminary design of composite topside structures for modern navy warships. This tool, named GELS for the Concurrent Engineering of Layered Structures, provides designers with an immediate assessment of the impacts of their decisions on several disciplines which are important to the performance of a modern naval topside structure, including electromagnetic interference effects (EMI), radar cross section (RCS), structural integrity, cost, and weight. Preliminary analysis modules in each of these disciplines are integrated to operate from a common set of design variables and a common materials database. Performance in each discipline and an overall fitness function for the concept are then evaluated. A graphical user interface (GUI) is used to define requirements and to display the results from the technical analysis modules. Optimization techniques, including feasible sequential quadratic programming (FSQP) and exhaustive search are used to modify the design variables to satisfy all requirements simultaneously. The development of this tool, the technical modules, and their integration are discussed noting the decisions and compromises required to develop and integrate the modules into a prototype conceptual design tool.

关键词： Warships

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Analysis of nonreciprocal mode-conversion properties of magnetooptic channel waveguides using the finite element method

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ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATIONS IN JAPAN PART II-ELECTRONICS 1996年第10期79卷 32-39页

作者： Zhuang, XP Koshiba, M Tsuji, Y Faculty of Engineering Hokkaido University Sapporo Japan 060 Graduated from the Department of Communication Engineering Guellin Electronic Institute China in 1986. She received her M.S. degree from Hokkaido University in 1991 and was admitted to the doctoral program. She has been engaged in research on the optimum design of magnetooptic waveguides for nonreciprocal optical devices. Graduated in 1971 from the Department of Electronic Engineering Hokkaido University where he received his M.S. degree in 1973 and his Dr. of Eng. degree in 1976. In 1976 he became a Lecturer in the Department of Electronic Engineering Kitami Institute of Technology where he was promoted to Associate Professor in 1977. In 1979 he became an Associate Professor at Hokkaido University where he was promoted to Professor in 1987. He has been engaged in research on optical and wave electronics. In 1987 he received a Best Paper Award. He is the author ofFundamentals of Finite Element Method of Optics and Waves(Morigkata Publ.)Optical Waveguide Analysis(Asakura Publ.)Optical Waveguide Analysis(McGraw-Hill Book Co.) andOptical Waveguide Theory by the Finite Element Method(KTK Scientific Publishing/Kulwer Academic Publishers). He is also co-author of one book and has written chapters in six other books. He is a member of the Institute of Television Engineers of Japan the Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan the Japan Society for Simulation Technology the Japan Society for Computational Methods in Engineering and the Japan Society of Applied Magnetics and Mechanics. He is also an IEEE Senior Member. Graduated in 1991 from me Department of Electronic Engineering Hokkaido University where he received his M.S. degree in 1993. He is currently in the doctoral program. He has been engaged in research on quantum wave phenomena and computer-aided design of optical and quantum effect devices.

To evaluate nonreciprocal mode conversion characteristics in a magnetooptic channel waveguide, a finite element analysis based on the scalar wave approximation is formulated for the first time. A simple iterative calculation method is conceived for solution of the nonlinear eigenvalue equations finally obtained in which the two polarizations are coupled. Specifically, the maximum isolation ratio in the mode-conversion-type magnetooptic rib guide was evaluated and the validity of the method is confirmed by comparison with published experimental results.

关键词： nonreciprocal optical devices magnetooptic waveguide nonreciprocal mode conversion finite element method numerical analysis

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A finite-element beam-propagation method for strongly guiding optical waveguides with magnetooptic materials

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ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATIONS IN JAPAN PART II-ELECTRONICS 1996年第7期79卷 22-29页

作者： Tsuji, Y Koshiba, M Tanabe, T Faculty of Engineering Hokkaido University Sapporo Japan 060 Graduated in 1991 from the Department of Electronic Engineering Hokkaido University and received his M.S. degree in 1993. He is currently working toward a doctoral degree. He has been engaged in research on the computer-aided design of optical and quantum-wave phenomena and quantum-effect devices. Graduated in 1971 from the Department of Electronic Engineering Hokkaido University and received his M.S. and Dr. of Eng. degree in 1973 and 1976 respectively. In 1976 he became a Lecturer at Kitami Institute of Technology where he was promoted to an Associate Professor in 1977. In 1979 he became an Associate Professor in the Department of Electronic Engineering Hokkaido University where he was promoted to Professor in 1987. He has been engaged in research on opto- and wave-electronics. In 1987 he received a Best Paper Award. He is the author ofFoundations of Finite Element Method for Opto- and Wave-Electronics(Morikita Publ.)Optical Waveguide Analysis(Asakura Publ.)Optical Waveguide Analysis(McGraw-Hill Book Co.) andOptical Waveguide Theory by the Finite Element Method(KTK Scientific Publishers/Kluwer Academic Publishers). He has co-authored one book and written Graduated in 1995 from the Department of Electronic Engineering Hokkaido University and is currently in the Master's program. He has been engaged in research on opto- and wave-electronics.

To the best of the knowledge of the authors, the formulation is carried out for the first time on the finite-element beam-propagation method for the analysis of the magnetooptic waveguide in which the structure varies along the propagation direction. The present method is applicable not only to the case in which refractive index difference is small but also to the case for the TE mode and the TM mode propagating in a waveguide with a large refractive index difference. To suppress the spurious reflection from the computational window edges, the transparent boundary condition is applied.

关键词： seam-propagation method finite-element method magnetooptical material optical isolator

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PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED TLM COMPUTATION WITH SIGNAL-PROCESSING FOR ELECTROMAGNETIC-FIELD MODELING

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NUMERICAL MODELLING-ELECTRONIC NETWORKS DEVICES AND FIELDS 1995年第3-4期8卷 169-185页

作者： SO, PPM ESWARAPPA, C HOEFER, WJR NSERC/MPR Teltech Research Chair in RF Engineering Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Victoria Victoria British Columbia V8W 3P6 Canada Poman So received his B.Sc. degree in computer science and physics from the University of Toronto Toronto Onatario Canada in 1985. He obtained his B.A. Sc. and M.A.Sc. degrees in electrical engineering (summa cum laude) from the University of Ottawa Ottawa Ontario Canada in 1987 and 1989 respectively. Mr So was a research engineer in the University of Ottawa from January 1989 to October 1991 his research interests included CAD techniques of microwave circuits and numerical methods for electromagnetic wave modelling. He specialized in the development of electromagnetic engineering CAD software and successfully implemented a number of electromagnetic wave simulators based on the two-dimensional and three-dimensional transmission-line matrix methods. From August 1990 to February 1991 he accompanied Professor W. J. R. Hoefer to Rome Italy and Sophia Antiopolas France. During that time he implemented a parallel version of the 3D-TLM simulator for the CM-2 Connection Machine using C-Star and X Windows Library. He is a research engineer and a Ph.D. student at the University of Victoria Victoria British Columbia Canada. He ported the 2D- and 3D-TLM simulators to DECmpp 1200 massively parallel computer using MPL C and C++. He also combined OSA90/hope a commercially available microwave CAD program with a 2D-TLM simulation module for geometry optimization using the Datapipe technique of OSA90/hope. Recently he has developed a distributed client-server computing technique for the TLM method this technique could accelerate the TLM simulation by more than an order of magnitude. Channabasappa Eswarappa received the M.Tech. degree in electrical engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur India in 1983 and Ph. D. degree from the University of Ottawa Canada in 1990. He worked as an Assistant Executive Engineer and later as

This paper describes the implementation of transmission-line matrix (TLM) method algorithms on a massively parallel computer (DECmpp 12000), the technique of distributed computing in the UNIX environment, and the combination of TLM analysis with Prony's method as well as with autoregressive moving average (ARMA) digital signal processing for electromagnetic field modelling. By combining these advanced computation techniques, typical electromagnetic field modelling of microwave structures by TLM analysis can be accelerated by a few orders of magnitude.

关键词： Mathematical models

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DDG-51 CLASS computer-aided-design

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1994年第4期106卷 165-173页

作者： OUILLETTE, JJ THE AUTHOR is the DDG-51 class computer-aided design project manager in the Navy's Aegis program office. Ms. Ouillette is 1986 graduate of the University of Maine with a B.S. in mechanical engineering. Prior to her current position Ms. Ouillette was employed by the Supervisor of Shipbuilding Conversion and Repair Bath Me. where she was involved with engineering systems management for the DDG-51 class program.

computer-aided design and computer-aided Manufacturing technology is being implemented in the U.S. Navy's Arleigh Burke (DDG-51) Class Aegis Destroyer program. Under the Navy's direction, the DDG-51 class construction yards are aggressively pursuing the transition to CAD-based design, construction and life cycle support. Through the CAD initiative, acquisition costs can be reduced without reduction of ships' capability. Building a three dimensional (3D) computer generated model of the ship prior to construction will facilitate the identification and resolution of interference and interface problems that would otherwise remain undetected until actual ship construction. The 3D database contains geometry and design data to support system design and concurrent engineering and is exchanged electronically between the construction yards. Detailed design drawings, fabrication sketches, and numerical control (NC) data are extracted directly from the database to support construction. At the completion of ship construction, as-built models will be provided to the planning yard for life cycle support.

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