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Development of a computer simulation of SCORIM

INTERNATIONAL POLYMER processING 1996年第3期11卷 248-256页

作者： Pittman, JFT Aguirre, P Ding, D Computer Aided Process Engineering Group Department of Chemical Engineering University of Wales Swansea UK

SCORIM (shear controlled orientation in injection moulding) is a new technology using pairs of reciprocating pistons connected to the runner system to impose shear in the mould during the holding and packing stages: this provides important control over part properties. A computer simulation is set up, and solved numerically to assist with development and exploitation of this novel process. The one-dimensional transient model considers the cooling and solidification of polymer melt, contained between infinite plane parallel plates, whilst subjected to reciprocating shear flow. A non-Newtonian, temperature-dependent viscosity is used, together with temperature-dependent thermal properties and latent heat of solidification. Two operating modes are considered: (1) flow driven by a fixed pressure gradient;(2) an initially fixed flowrate, which falls after a limiting pressure gradient is reached. Results are shown, based on data for a moulding grade polypropylene;these include details of temperature and velocity fields, pressure and flowrate profiles, and frozen-in material strains, which are related to material alignment. In mode (1) operation, flowrate falls rapidly as solidification proceeds. This is not hindered significantly by viscous heating. Frozen-in strain has its maximum value close to the wall, and falls in a series of oscillations to zero on the central plane. In mode (2), if the limiting pressure gradient is too high, viscous heating can prevent cooling, leading to a dynamic thermal equilibrium. In other cases, where cooling is completed, frozen-in stain can show a complex, oscillatory profile, corresponding to a layered structure in the moulding with alternating regions of high and lower alignment.

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Design of Dynamic Experiments (DoDE) to optimize the lutein production by Coccomyxa onubensis in a novel high-cell density reactor

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Algal research 2025年 89卷

作者： Tizzani, Rosaria Barberi, Gianmarco Mohamadnia, Sonia Angelidaki, Irini Facco, Pierantonio Sforza, Eleonora BiER Lab (Bioprocess Engineering Research Laboratory) Department of Industrial Engineering University of Padova Via Marzolo 9 Padova 35131 Italy CAPE-Lab (Computer-Aided Process Engineering Laboratory) Department of Industrial Engineering University of Padova via Marzolo 9 Padova 35131 Italy BioCon (Biological Conversion Group) Department of Chemical Engineering Technical University of Denmark DTU Søltofts Plads 228A Lyngby 2800 Denmark

Lutein, a carotenoid involved in light harvesting and photoprotection, has demonstrated significant therapeutic benefits, particularly for ocular health. This study aims to optimize biomass and lutein production from an extremophilic microalga Coccomyxa onubensis in a fed-batch system. C. onubensis was cultivated in a membrane high-cell-density photobioreactor. Design of Dynamic Experiments was employed to optimize dynamic cultivation factors, including time-varying light intensity profiles (80–800 μmol∙ m⁻²∙ s⁻¹), nitrogen feeding strategies (60–600 mg_N∙ L⁻¹), and three constant CO₂ levels (0.04 %, 1 %, and 10 %). Biomass productivity peaked at 1.28 ± 0.23 g∙ L⁻¹∙ d⁻¹ under 6.5 % CO₂, with gradual light increase (peak 800 μmol photons∙ m⁻² ∙ s⁻¹), and moderately high nitrogen (499 mg∙ L⁻¹ over 5 days). Conversely, lutein productivity reached 3.32 ± 0.58 mg∙ L⁻¹∙ d⁻¹ under moderate light intensity (peak 414 μmol photons∙ m⁻²∙ s⁻¹) and limited nitrogen (217 mg_N∙ L⁻¹ over 1 day) under 10 % CO₂. This work provides optimized and validated cultivation strategies for impactful time varying factors, implementable at industrial level. DoDE proved to be valuable tool for multifactorial optimization and interpretation of complex interactions, significantly enhancing biomass and lutein production under acidophilic, high cell density conditions where bacterial contamination can be minimized. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Acidophilic microalgae Light profile Membrane reactor Nitrogen feeding

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Further developments in output structural controllability and an assessment of structural techniques

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Journal of process Control 1991年第5期1卷 283-292页

作者： Lin, X. Newell, R.B. Computer Aided Process Engineering Research Group Department of Chemical Engineering The University of Queensland QLD 4072 Australia

Modifications have been made to the technique of output structural controllability to overcome some limitations of this useful technique. A critical assessment of the usefulness of various structural controllability t... 详细信息

关键词： control structural controllability synthesis

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WALL THICKNESS UNIFORMITY IN PLASTIC PIPES - computer-SIMULATIONS OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF DIE MANDREL OFFSETTING AND PIPE ROTATION IN COMBATING SAG

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POLYMER engineering AND SCIENCE 1995年第11期35卷 921-928页

作者： PITTMAN, JFT WHITHAM, GP FARAH, IA Computer Aided Process Engineering Group Department of Chemical Engineering University of Wales Swansea SA2 8PP United Kingdom

A computer simulation, based on a thermoviscous model of cooling and gravity induced flow (sag) in plastic pipe manufacture, which has previously been described in detail and validated against experimental results, is here used to investigate the effectiveness of die mandrel offsetting and pipe rotation in combatting sag. SDR11 MDPE pipes of 315, 560, 800, and 1000 mm diameter are considered. Results are examined in terms of a waste percentage, representing polymer used in excess of that corresponding to the minimum wall thickness. With a concentric mandrel, waste is predicted to be 4.3, 14.0, 17.9, and 18.7% for the four sizes, respectively. Optimum offsets and minimum waste percentages are found to be: 2 mm, 0.8%;15 mm, 4.6%;42 m, 9.8%;63 mm, 12.7%, respectively. For the largest pipe this corresponds to a wall thickness variation of 19.6 mm. Simulations of rotation of the 800-mm pipe show waste falling rapidly to 5% at 1 revolution/4800s, then a slower decrease, reaching 1.6% at 1 revolution/600s. The simulation is equally applicable to all grades and sizes of pipe, and provides a valuable computer aid for the design and operation of pipe cooling lines.

关键词： Plastic pipe

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A novel augmented reality-based simulator for enhancing orthopedic surgical training

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computers in Biology and Medicine 2025年 185卷 109536-109536页

作者： Wu, Luohong Seibold, Matthias Cavalcanti, Nicola A. Hein, Jonas Gerth, Tatiana Lekar, Roni Hoch, Armando Vlachopoulos, Lazaros Grabner, Helmut Zingg, Patrick Farshad, Mazda Fürnstahl, Philipp Research in Orthopedic Computer Science Balgrist University Hospital University of Zurich Lengghalde 5 Zurich8008 Switzerland Department of Orthopaedics Balgrist University Hospital University of Zurich Forchstrasse 340 Zurich8008 Switzerland Computer Vision and Geometry Group ETH Zurich Ramistrasse 101 Zurich8092 Switzerland Institute of Computer Science School of Engineering Zurich University of Applied Sciences Obere Kirchgasse 2 Winterthur8401 Switzerland Institute of Data Analysis and Process Design School of Engineering Zurich University of Applied Sciences Technikumstrasse 81 Winterthur8400 Switzerland

Background: Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA) is a well-established and common orthopedic surgery. Due to the complexity involved in THA, orthopedic surgeons require rigorous training. However, the current gold standard, the tutor-guided and -evaluated apprenticeship model is time-consuming, costly, and poses risks to patients. There is a pressing need for additional training resources to enhance the efficiency and safety of the training process. In this work, we present a novel Augmented Reality (AR)-based simulator designed for THA that helps enable a new self-paced training and learning paradigm without the need for instructors. Methods: The simulator reduces the need for instructors by integrating an AR guidance module and an automated performance evaluation module. Three types of AR guidance were developed: Overlay, Virtual Twin, and Sectional Views. A feasibility study was conducted with five resident surgeons and two senior surgeons to compare these guidance methods quantitatively and qualitatively. The automated performance evaluation module was assessed against manual performance evaluation using Bland-Altman analysis with limits of agreement (LoA) and Mann–Whitney U tests. Results: The quantitative feasibility results indicate the efficacy of the developed AR guidance, characterized by mean transitional and rotational deviation errors below 3 mm and 3 degrees. Based on the qualitative results, we provide recommendations for efficient AR guidance designs. The Bland-Altman analysis results (0.22±1.32mm with LoA −2.37 to 2.81 mm for distance deviation, 0.94±2.41 degrees with LoA −3.78 to 5.66 degrees for yaw deviation, −0.34±1.30 degrees with LoA −2.90 to 2.22 degrees for pitch deviation) and p-values of Mann–Whitney U tests (0.64 for distance deviation, 0.12 for yaw deviation, 0.11 for pitch deviation) indicate no statistically significant differences between the automated and manual performance evaluation at a significance level of 0.05. Conclusion: This work sh

关键词： Augmented reality

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FINITE-ELEMENT ANALYSIS ON PCS WITH AN MS-WINDOWS GRAPHICAL USER-INTERFACE

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engineering COMPUTATIONS 1995年第1期12卷 35-60页

作者： SANDER, R PITTMAN, JFT Computer Aided Process EngineeringGroup Department of Chemical Engineering University of Wales SingletonPark Swansea SA2 8PP UK Computer Aided Process Engineering Group Department ofChemical Engineering University of Wales Singleton Park Swansea SA2 8PPUK

A tailored graphical user interface (GUI) for finite element analysis, fully integrated into Microsoft Windows 3.1, has been developed. The current application is the simulation of flat sheet extrusion of thermoplastics, but many of the features would be common to a wide range of finite element analyses. Microsoft's C/C++ Professional Development System 7.0, including the Software Development Kit 3.1 (SDK), has been used as the programming tool for the GUI. The interface is based on the Common User Access Advanced Interface Design Guide, which is part of the IBM Systems Application Architecture Library, and The Windows Interface: An Application Design Guide, which is part of the SDK. A memory handling technique is proposed to break the imposed 64 KB data segmentation. Connected finite element calculation routines are written in Fortran and compiled by the Salford FTN77/x86 32-bit compiler. The protected mode interface of the Fortran compiler allows direct access by the GUI, and allows the computation to run as a 32-bit background application, without memory limitations, in the multitasking environment. Finite element routines are supported by pre- and post-processors comprising mesh generation, post-processing for derived results, and graphical displays. A convenient contouring algorithm is proposed to generate contoured plots of nodal quantities in the form of iso-lines or iso-fields.

关键词： MS WINDOWS FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS

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Model-based control of a blast furnace stove rig

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Journal of process Control 1991年第4期1卷 217-227页

作者： Labossiere, Garry A. Lee, Peter L. Computer Aided Process Engineering Group Department of Chemical Engineering University of Queensland QLD 4072 Australia

Smooth and efficient operation of an industrial blast furnace requires the constant delivery of hot blast air from blast furnace stoves. The blast air must be supplied with temperature and flow as close as possible to set-points, without oscillation, and in a thermally efficient manner. The short-term control problem of a laboratory-scale blast furnace stove system has been successfully addressed using a model-based control technique. Superior blast air delivery has been obtained with generic model control (GMC) compared to traditional proportional-integral-derivative control. Non-linear and time-varying process behaviour have been easily accommodated using the GMC technique. © 1991.

关键词： application blast furnace stove generic model control (GMC) PID controller

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computer-aided-DESIGN OF AN N-MOS CUSTOM IC-SUBSCRIBER CHIP OF THE 32-LINES MICROprocessOR BASED PAX (PRIVATE AUTOMATIC EXCHANGE) SYSTEM

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MICROELECTRONICS AND RELIABILITY 1985年第3期25卷 425-436页

作者： SRIVASTAVA, A SINGH, S PAVATE, KD Computer-Aided Design Group Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute Extension Centre CSIR Complex Hillside Road New Delhi-110012 India

A 40-pin custom IC-“Subscriber Chip” of the subscriber module of the Intel 8085A microprocessor based PAX system (32P 4 -32 lines and four parallel conversations) has been designed using CAD techniques. The chip design is based on the LOCOS n -MOS(E-D) process, 8 micron minimum feature size geometries, λ-based design rules and the cell based design approach. DIF-POL contact for the gate-source interconnection of the depletion load transistors has been made with the buried contacts. System routing has been done on two layers: metal and polysilicon/diffusion. Single metal layer has been used for power and ground routing having interdigitated structure. Chip has also been designed for its testability analysis based on the chip partioning approach. Two phases of the testing have been evolved and the test pattern generation sequences got fully integrated with the chip layout. Latest CAD techniques: Applicon AGS/860 VLSI Interactive Graphics Design System, MOS circuit simulation program MSINC and Design Rule Check program (DRC) have been used for the design and chip layout. The entire chip has been laid-out in the area of 3.35 × 3.35 mm 2 integrating around 500 components including test devices and structures for the evaluation of devices and process parameters. The Electromask pattern generation (PG) tape has been prepared for making chrome masks. A set of eight masks are to be used in the fabrication of the chip and encapsulated in 40 pin LSI package. The subscriber chip makes the PAX system design simple and reliable.

关键词： INTEGRATED CIRCUITS, LSI

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ScrumBut, but does it matter? A mixed-method study of the planning process of a multi-team scrum organization

ScrumBut, but does it matter? A mixed-method study of the pl...

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2013 ACM / IEEE International Symposium on Empirical Software engineering and Measurement, ESEM 2013

作者： Heikkila, Ville T. Paasivaara, Maria Lassenius, Casper Department of Computer Science and Engineering Software Process Research Group Aalto University Helsinki Finland

ISBN: (纸本)9781479911448

Context: Proponents of the Scrum software development method use the term 'Scrum But' to refer to harmful changes to Scrum. Scrum has been increasingly adopted in large software development organizations. This has led to changes to Scrum practices, but it is not known if these changes are harmful. Objective: We studied how the requirements were planned and managed in the development teams of a large Scrum organization, how well the requirements planning and management practices matched Scrum, and whether the changes were perceived harmful. Method: We quantitatively analysed 435 requirements spanning a time period of approximately one year. We conducted a total of 40 interviews to study the Scrum adoption in the organization and to explain and validate the quantitative results. Results: The main discrepancies between the organization's practices and Scrum were the pacing of the planning process, which was more akin to a continuous process instead of the iteration-paced Scrum model, and the average time it took to develop requirements, which was considerably longer than the time prescribed by Scrum. The latter discrepancy was considered slightly harmful. Conclusion: Changes to the Scrum practices should be evaluated in their context to separate harmful ones from necessary or beneficial changes mandated by the organizational context. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Iterative methods

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Open Architecture for computer-aided Control engineering

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IEEE Control Systems 1993年第2期13卷 17-27页

作者： Barker, H. Anthony Chen, Min Grant, Philip W. Jobling, Chris P. Townsend, Peter Control and Computer-Aided Engineering Research Group University of Wales Swansea SA2 8PP Singleton Park United Kingdom

Open systems are currently being used successfully in many areas of information technology. Some guiding principles for the design of open systems suitable for computer-aided control engineering are presented. Some possible architectures are considered and an assessment is made of the available technologies which might be suitable for the basis of an open environment for computer-aided control engineering. An analogy is made with the requirements for computer-aided software engineering, for which a reference model has already been developed, and it is concluded that such a model might well provide a clear definition of what is needed in computer-aided control engineering. © 1993 IEEE

关键词： computer architecture Control engineering computing Control engineering Packaging machines Open systems Software packages User interfaces Bridges Error correction Information technology

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