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Facilitated machine learning for image-based fruit quality assessment

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Knott, Manuel Perez-Cruz, Fernando Defraeye, Thijs Empa Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science Technology Laboratory for Biomimetic Membranes and Textiles St. Gallen Switzerland Swiss Data Science Center ETH Zurich and EPFL Zurich Switzerland Institute for Machine Learning Department of Computer Science ETH Zurich Switzerland

Image-based machine learning models can be used to make the sorting and grading of agricultural products more efficient. In many regions, implementing such systems can be difficult due to the lack of centralization and automation of postharvest supply chains. Stakeholders are often too small to specialize in machine learning, and large training data sets are unavailable. We propose a machine learning procedure for images based on pre-trained Vision Transformers. It is easier to implement than the current standard approach of training Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) as we do not (re-)train deep neural networks. We evaluate our approach based on two data sets for apple defect detection and banana ripeness estimation. Our model achieves a competitive classification accuracy equal to or less than one percent below the best-performing CNN. At the same time, it requires three times fewer training samples to achieve a 90% accuracy. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： computer vision

Movable Antenna for Wireless Communications: Prototyping and Experimental Results

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Dong, Zhenjun Zhou, Zhiwen Xiao, Zhiqiang Zhang, Chaoyue Li, Xinrui Min, Hongqi Zeng, Yong Jin, Shi Zhang, Rui The National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory Frontiers Science Center for Mobile Information Communication and Security Southeast University Nanjing210096 China The Purple Mountain Laboratories Nanjing211111 China The School of Science and Engineering Shenzhen Research Institute of Big Data The Chinese University of Hong Kong Guangdong Shenzhen518172 China The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore117583 Singapore

Movable antenna (MA), which can flexibly change the position of antenna in three-dimensional (3D) continuous space, is an emerging technology for achieving full spatial performance gains. In this paper, a prototype of MA communication system with ultra-accurate movement control is presented to verify the performance gain of MA in practical environments. The prototype utilizes the feedback control to ensure that each power measurement is performed after the MA moves to a designated position. The system operates at 3.5 GHz or 27.5 GHz, where the MA moves along a one-dimensional horizontal line with a step size of 0.01λ and in a two-dimensional square region with a step size of 0.05λ, respectively, with λ denoting the signal wavelength. The scenario with mixed line-of-sight (LoS) and non-LoS (NLoS) links is considered. Extensive experimental results are obtained with the designed prototype and compared with the simulation results, which validate the great potential of MA technology in improving wireless communication performance. For example, the maximum variation of measured power reaches over 40 dB and 23 dB at 3.5 GHz and 27.5 GHz, respectively, thanks to the flexible antenna movement. In addition, experimental results indicate that the power gain of MA system relies on the estimated path state information (PSI), including the number of paths, their delays, elevation and azimuth angles of arrival (AoAs), as well as the power ratio of each path. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Feedback control

ζ-QVAE: A Quantum Variational Autoencoder utilizing Regularized Mixed-state Latent Representations

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Wang, Gaoyuan Warrell, Jonathan Emani, Prashant S. Gerstein, Mark Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Department of Computer Science Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Department of Statistics & Data Science Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Department of Biomedical Informatics & Data Science Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States NEC Laboratories America PrincetonNJ08540 United States

A major challenge in near-term quantum computing is its application to large real-world datasets due to scarce quantum hardware resources. One approach to enabling tractable quantum models for such datasets involves compressing the original data to manageable dimensions while still representing essential information for downstream analysis. In classical machine learning, variational autoencoders (VAEs) facilitate efficient data compression, representation learning for subsequent tasks, and novel data generation. However, no model has been proposed that exactly captures all of these features for direct application to quantum data on quantum computers. Some existing quantum models for data compression lack regularization of latent representations, thus preventing direct use for generation and control of generalization. Others are hybrid models with only some internal quantum components, impeding direct training on quantum data. To bridge this gap, we present a fully quantum framework, ζ-QVAE, which encompasses all the capabilities of classical VAEs and can be directly applied for both classical and quantum data compression. Our model utilizes regularized mixed states to attain optimal latent representations. It accommodates various divergences for reconstruction and regularization. Furthermore, by accommodating mixed states at every stage, it can utilize the full-data density matrix and allow for a"global"training objective. Doing so, in turn, makes efficient optimization possible and has potential implications for private and federated learning. In addition to exploring the theoretical properties of ζ-QVAE, we demonstrate its performance on representative genomics and synthetic data. Our results consistently indicate that ζ-QVAE exhibits similar or better performance compared to matched classical models. © 2024, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Large datasets

A Proposal to Find Mutually Contributable Business or Life Activities Using Conformance Checking

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Procedia computer science 2022年 207卷 542-551页

作者： Haruhiko Kaiya Tomoya Misawa Shinpei Ogata Shinobu Saito Hiroyuki Nakagawa Hironori Takeuchi Kanagawa University Hiratsuka 259-1293 Japan Shinshu University Nagano 380-8553 Japan NTT Computer and Data Science Laboratories Tokyo 108-0023 Japan Osaka University Suita 565-0871 Japan Musashi University Tokyo 176-8534 Japan

We propose a method to comprehensively find a pair of business or life activities, which can mutually contribute to each other. We assume that the activities with synchronized processes can mutually contribute to each other. A process model of an activity is thus compared to a log of another activity for measuring whether the activities can synchronize their processes to a certain extent using a conformance checking technique. The threshold of the extent is defined on the basis of a randomly generated log containing the same events as those in the compared log. We tentatively evaluated the method through a case study, and confirmed that the method seemed to be valid.

关键词： Cross-organizational process Sharing process Process mining Conformance checking

Optimal cavity design for minimizing errors in cavity-QED-based atom-photon entangling gates with finite temporal duration

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Utsugi, Takeru Asaoka, Rui Tokunaga, Yuuki Aoki, Takao Department of Applied Physics Waseda University 3-4-1 Okubo Shinjuku-ku Tokyo169-8555 Japan Computer & Data Science Laboratories NTT Corporation Musashino Tokyo180-8585 Japan

We investigate atom-photon entangling gates based on cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED) for a finite photon-pulse duration, where not only the photon loss but also the temporal mode-mismatch of the photon pulse becomes a severe source of error. We analytically derive relations between cavity parameters, including transmittance, length, and effective cross-sectional area of the cavity, that minimize both the photon loss probability and the error rate due to temporal mode-mismatch by taking it into account as state-dependent pulse delay. We also investigate the effects of pulse distortion using numerical simulations for the case of short pulse duration. We believe that these analyses are the first to suggest that a cavity has an optimal length for the atom-photon gate, providing a fundamental guideline for implementing quantum information processing. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Atoms

data-Efficient Error Mitigation for Physical and Algorithmic Errors in a Hamiltonian Simulation

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Hakkaku, Shigeo Suzuki, Yasunari Tokunaga, Yuuki Endo, Suguru NTT Computer and Data Science Laboratories NTT Corporation 3-9-11 Midori-cho Musashino Tokyo180-8585 Japan NTT Research Center for Theoretical Quantum Physics NTT Corporation 3-1 Morinosato-Wakamiya Atsugi243-0198 Japan JST PRESTO 4-1-8 Honcho Saitama Kawaguchi332-0012 Japan

Quantum dynamics simulation via Hamilton simulation algorithms is one of the most crucial applications in the quantum computing field. While this task has been relatively considered the target in the fault-tolerance era, the experiment for demonstrating utility by an IBM team simulates the dynamics of an Ising-type quantum system with the Trotter-based Hamiltonian simulation algorithm with the help of quantum error mitigation [1]. In this study, we propose the data-efficient 1D extrapolation method to mitigate not only physical errors but also algorithmic errors of Trotterized quantum circuits in both the near-term and early fault-tolerant eras. Our proposed extrapolation method uses expectation values obtained by Trotterized circuits, where the Trotter number is selected to minimize both physical and algorithmic errors according to the circuit’s physical error rate. We also propose a method that combines the data-efficient 1D extrapolation with purification QEM methods, which improves accuracy more at the expense of multiple copies of quantum states or the depth of the quantum circuit. Using the 1D transverse-field Ising model, we numerically demonstrate our proposed methods and confirm that our proposed extrapolation method suppresses both statistical and systematic errors more than the previous extrapolation method. © 2025, CC0.

关键词： Ising model

Optimal Protocols for Continual Learning via Statistical Physics and Control Theory

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Mori, Francesco Mannelli, Stefano Sarao Mignacco, Francesca Rudolf Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics University of Oxford OxfordOX1 3PU United Kingdom Data Science and AI Computer Science and Engineering Chalmers University of Technology University of Gothenburg GothenburgSE-412 96 Sweden Graduate Center City University of New York NY United States Joseph Henry Laboratories of Physics Princeton University NJ United States

Artificial neural networks often struggle with catastrophic forgetting when learning multiple tasks sequentially, as training on new tasks degrades the performance on previously learned ones. Recent theoretical work has addressed this issue by analysing learning curves in synthetic frameworks under predefined training protocols. However, these protocols relied on heuristics and lacked a solid theoretical foundation assessing their optimality. In this paper, we fill this gap combining exact equations for training dynamics, derived using statistical physics techniques, with optimal control methods. We apply this approach to teacher-student models for continual learning and multi-task problems, obtaining a theory for task-selection protocols maximising performance while minimising forgetting. Our theoretical analysis offers non-trivial yet interpretable strategies for mitigating catastrophic forgetting, shedding light on how optimal learning protocols can modulate established effects, such as the influence of task similarity on forgetting. Finally, we validate our theoretical findings on real-world data. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Control theory

Visually Equivalent Light Field 3D for Portable Displays

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Visually Equivalent Light Field 3D for Portable Displays

Conference Record of the IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting (IAS)

作者： Munekazu Date Shinya Shimizu Susumu Yamamoto NTT Computer and Data Science Laboratories Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation Yokosuka Japan NTT Human Informatics Laboratories Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation Yokosuka Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9781728164021

Highly realistic 3D displays that can reproduce object images to look like physical objects are utilized for natural and correct remote operation in industrial scenes. Therefore, we developed a visually equivalent light field 3D (VELF3D) display that can produce highly realistic, accurate images with a high resolution and a smooth, accurate motion parallax. However, the observation distance is slightly long, and users cannot reach the displayed images. Therefore, we aim to develop a tablet-computer-type VELF3D display that enables users to touch the displayed objects. The display viewpoint density has been increased to achieve a shorter observation distance while maintaining the display depth range. Because higher resolutions are required for a close observation distance and increased display viewpoints, we aimed to improve effective resolution using almost the same pixel pitch display panel. Therefore, we built a prototype that combines a vertical red, green, blue (RGB) stripe display panel and a parallax barrier with subpixel width slits. We confirmed effective resolution improvement by tiny subjective tests. This method also helps increase the depth range of the display when it is observed from a normal distance.

关键词： Three-dimensional displays Image resolution Fluctuations Industry applications Prototypes Tablet computers Light fields

Wireless Communication with Flexible Reflector: Joint Placement and Rotation Optimization for Coverage Enhancement

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Lu, Haiquan Yu, Zhi Zeng, Yong Ma, Shaodan Jin, Shi Zhang, Rui The National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory Frontiers Science Center for Mobile Information Communication and Security Southeast University Nanjing210096 China The Purple Mountain Laboratories Nanjing211111 China The State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Macau China School of Science and Engineering Shenzhen Research Institute of Big Data The Chinese University of Hong Kong Guangdong Shenzhen518172 China The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore117583 Singapore

Passive metal reflectors for communication enhancement have appealing advantages such as ultra low cost, zero energy expenditure, maintenance-free operation, long life span, and full compatibility with legacy wireless systems. To unleash the full potential of passive reflectors for wireless communications, this paper proposes a new passive reflector architecture, termed flexible reflector (FR), for enabling the flexible adjustment of beamforming direction via the FR placement and rotation optimization. We consider the multi-FR aided area coverage enhancement and aim to maximize the minimum expected receive power over all locations within the target coverage area, by jointly optimizing the placement positions and rotation angles of multiple FRs. To gain useful insights, the special case of movable reflector (MR) with fixed rotation is first studied to maximize the expected receive power at a target location, where the optimal single-MR placement positions for electrically large and small reflectors are derived in closed-form, respectively. It is shown that the reflector should be placed at the specular reflection point for electrically large reflector. While for area coverage enhancement, the optimal placement is obtained for the single-MR case and a sequential placement algorithm is proposed for the multi-MR case. Moreover, for the general case of FR, joint placement and rotation design is considered for the single-/multiFR aided coverage enhancement, respectively. Numerical results are presented which demonstrate significant performance gains of FRs over various benchmark schemes under different practical setups in terms of receive power enhancement. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Benchmarking