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检索条件"机构=Computer And Embedded Systems Lab"

共 140 条记录，以下是81-90 订阅

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Vehicle braking strategies based on regenerative braking boundaries of electric machines

Vehicle braking strategies based on regenerative braking bou...

引用

IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo (ITEC)

作者： Aravind Samba Murthy David P. Magee David G. Taylor Georgia Institute of Technology School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Atlanta GA USA Texas Instruments Embedded Processor Systems Lab Dallas TX USA

Electric and hybrid-electric vehicles are capable of providing electrical braking to assist mechanical brakes during a braking event. Braking strategies can be formulated to dictate the manner in which the braking effort is shared between the electrical and mechanical brakes. Electrical braking capability is identified by regions in the braking quadrants of an electric machine's torque-speed plane, and these capability regions may be further subdivided into regenerative and non-regenerative braking regions. Regenerative electrical braking adds energy to the energy storage system, whereas non-regenerative electrical braking subtracts energy from the energy storage system. This paper uses the concept of regenerative braking boundaries to define braking strategies that avoid operation in non-regenerative braking regions so as to recover as much electrical energy as possible during braking events.

关键词： Torque Integrated circuits Variable speed drives Schedules

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Comparison of regenerative braking controllers for permanent magnet synchronous machines

Comparison of regenerative braking controllers for permanent...

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IEEE International Conference on Electric Machines and Drives (IEMDC)

Since most electric machine applications involve accelerating and decelerating mechanical loads, there is a potential to recover stored kinetic energy during braking events. However, this potential cannot be fully realized without proper design of the braking controller, since electric machine braking may be either regenerative or non-regenerative. This paper develops a novel method for designing regenerative braking controllers for permanent-magnet synchronous machines, based on the concept of using speed feedback to apply a fraction of the electromagnetically induced voltage at the machine terminals.

关键词： Torque Rotors Kinetic energy Synchronous machines Voltage control Mathematical model

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Regenerative braking capability of converter-controlled induction machines

Regenerative braking capability of converter-controlled indu...

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IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo (ITEC)

作者： Aravind Samba Murthy David P. Magee David G. Taylor School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Atlanta GA USA Embedded Processor Systems Lab Dallas TX USA Georgia Institute of Technology School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Atlanta GA USA

Induction machines are good candidates for traction applications, due to their rugged construction and to their use of low-cost readily available materials. Traction applications typically require that the converter-controlled induction machine be capable of providing both motoring torque and braking torque. It is important to distinguish between regenerative and non-regenerative braking torque modes; the converter-controlled induction machine is a source of electric power in the former mode, but it is a sink of electric power in the latter mode. Although the existing literature discusses regenerative braking operation of induction machines in general terms, no prior work has yet identified the location of the boundary that separates the regenerative and non-regenerative braking regions of converter-controlled induction machines in the torque-speed plane. This paper provides all the analysis required to identify this critical operational boundary, and in the process reveals a fundamental difference between the regenerative braking capability of induction machine drives and permanent-magnet synchronous machine drives in the low speed region. The results of this paper are relevant to the design of power management systems associated with electric and hybrid electric vehicles.

关键词： Nickel Rotors

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Impact of sensor misplacement on estimating metabolic equivalent of task with wearables

Impact of sensor misplacement on estimating metabolic equiva...

引用

International Workshop on Wearable and Implantable Body Sensor Networks (BSN)

作者： Parastoo Alinia Ramyar Saeedi Bobak Mortazavi Ali Rokni Hassan Ghasemzadeh Embedded & Pervasive Systems Lab School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Washington State University Pullman WA Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation Yale University CT

Metabolic equivalent of task (MET) indicates the intensity of physical activities. This measurement is used in providing physical activity intervention in many chronic illnesses such as coronary heart disease, type-2 diabetes, and cancer. Due to the small size, portability, low power consumption, and low cost, wearable motion sensors are widely used to estimate MET values. However, one major obstacle in widespread adoption of current wearable monitoring systems is that the sensors must be worn on predefined locations on the body. This imposes much discomfort for users as they are not allowed to wear the sensors on their own desired body locations. In addition, non-adherence to the predefined location of the sensors results in significant reduction in the accuracy of physical activity monitoring. In this paper, we propose a framework for sensor location-independent MET estimation. We introduce a sensor localization approach that allows users to wear the sensors on different body locations without having to adhere to a specific installation protocol. We study how such an algorithm impacts the performance of MET estimation algorithms. Using daily physical activity data, we demonstrate that an automatic sensor localization algorithm decreases the estimation error of the MET calculation by a factor of 2.3 compared to the case without sensor localization. Furthermore, our sensor localization algorithm achieves an accuracy of 90.8% in detecting on-body locations of wearable sensors. The integration of sensor localization and MET estimation achieves an accuracy of 80% in calculating the MET values of daily physical activities.

关键词： Accelerometers Hip Feature extraction Estimation Accuracy Mathematical model Linear regression

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Temperature-aware software-based self-testing for delay faults 15

Temperature-aware software-based self-testing for delay faul...

引用

Design, Automation and Test in Europe Conference and Exhibition

作者： Ying Zhang Zebo Peng Jianhui Jiang Huawei Li Masamro Fujita School of Software Engineering Tongji University China Embedded Systems Lab Linköping University Sweden State Key Laboratory of Computer Architecture Chinese Academy of Sciences China VLSI Design and Education Center University of Tokyo Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9783981537048

Delay defects under high temperature have been one of the most critical factors to affect the reliability of computer systems, and the current test methods don't address this problem properly. In this paper, a temperature-aware software-based self-testing (SBST) technique is proposed to self-heat the processors within a high temperature range and effectively test delay faults under high temperature. First, it automatically generates high-quality test programs through automatic test instruction generation (ATIG), and avoids over-testing caused by nonfunctional patterns. Second, it exploits two effective powerintensive program transformations to self-heat up the processors internally. Third, it applies a greedy algorithm to search the optimized schedule of the test templates in order to generate the test program while making sure that the temperature of the processor under test is within the specified range. Experimental results show that the generated program is successful to guarantee delay test within the given temperature range, and achieves high test performance with functional patterns.

关键词： Delays Program processors Temperature distribution Power dissipation Circuit faults Schedules

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Heterogeneous Error-Resilient Scheme for Spectral Analysis in Ultra-Low Power Wearable Electrocardiogram Devices

Heterogeneous Error-Resilient Scheme for Spectral Analysis i...

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IEEE computer Society Annual Symposium on VLSI

作者： Soumya Basu P. Garcia del Valle Georgios Karakonstantis Giovanni Ansaloni David Atienza Embedded Systems Laboratory Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Switzerland Embedded Syst. Lab. Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne Lausanne VD CH Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Queen's University Belfast United Kingdom Faculty of Informatics Università della Svizzera Italiana Lugano Switzerland

Wearable devices performing advanced bio-signal analysis algorithms are aimed to foster a revolution in healthcare provision of chronic cardiac diseases. In this context, energy efficiency is of paramount importance, as long-term monitoring must be ensured while relying on a tiny power source. Operating at a scaled supply voltage, just above the threshold voltage, effectively helps in saving substantial energy, but it makes circuits, and especially memories, more prone to errors, threatening the correct execution of algorithms. The use of error detection and correction codes may help to protect the entire memory content, however it incurs in large area and energy overheads which may not be compatible with the tight energy budgets of wearable systems. To cope with this challenge, in this paper we propose to limit the overhead of traditional schemes by selectively detecting and correcting errors only in data highly impacting the end-to-end quality of service of ultra-low power wearable electrocardiogram (ECG) devices. This partition adopts the protection of either significant words or significant bits of each data element, according to the application characteristics (statistical properties of the data in the application buffers), and its impact in determining the output. The proposed heterogeneous error protection scheme in real ECG signals allows substantial energy savings (11% in wearable devices) compared to state-of-the-art approaches, like ECC, in which the whole memory is protected against errors. At the same time, it also results in negligible output quality degradation in the evaluated power spectrum analysis application of ECG signals.

关键词： Discrete wavelet transforms Error correction codes Biomedical monitoring Electrocardiography Memory management Spectral analysis Energy efficiency

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An embedded real-time hands free control of an electrical wheelchair

An embedded real-time hands free control of an electrical wh...

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IEEE Visual Communications and Image Processing (VCIP)

作者： Agnès Ghorbel Nader Ben Amor Mohamed Jallouli Computer and Embedded Systems Laboratory CES_lab Ecole Nationale d'ngénieurs de Sfax (ENIS) Sfax Tunisia

The main aim of this work is to propose a HMI alternative for hands-free control of an electrical wheelchair using both face and eyes information. An image processing based technique for the guidance of an electrical wheelchair is used. As processing unit, we choose the Panda board ES development kit based on the TI OMAP 4 SoC (System on Chip). This board is connected with the wheelchair for processing of the video streaming. The wheelchair command technique is based on image segmentation and facial detection. The adopted model relied on combining 2ARMs processing in a single chip for improving real-time performance, enhancing system flexibility and reducing system cost and power. The preliminary results are promising since a total processing time of about 0.9s is obtained.

关键词： Wheelchairs Face Digital signal processing Program processors System-on-chip computer architecture Real-time systems

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Imprecise Computation Over the Cloud

Imprecise Computation Over the Cloud

引用

IEEE International Conference on Mobile Cloud Computing, Services, and Engineering

作者： Chi-Sheng SHIH Joen CHEN Yu-Hsin WANG Norman CHANG Embedded Systems and Wireless Networking Lab Graduate Institute of Networking and Multimedia Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Taiwan University

ISBN: (纸本)9781479944248

The number and variety of applications for mobile devices continue to grow. However, the resources on mobile devices including computation and storage do not keep pace with the growth. How to incorporate the computation capacity on cloud servers into mobile computing has been desired and challenge issues to resolve. In this work, we design a flexible computation framework to take advantage the heterogeneous computation capacity on cloud servers, which are CPUs and GPGPUs, to meet the computation demands of ever growing mobile applications. The computation framework extends OpenCL framework to link remote processors with local mobile applications. The framework is flexible in the sense that the computation can be stopped at any time and gains results, which is called imprecise computation in real-time computing literature. The framework has been evaluated against OpenCL benchmark and physical computation engine for gaming. The results show that the framework supports OpenCL benchmark, RODINIA, without modifying the codes with few exceptions. The imprecise computation model allows the cloud servers to support more mobile clients without sacrificing their QoS requirements. The experiment results also show that IO intensive applications do not perform well when the network capacity is insufficient or unreliable.

关键词： OpenCL GPGPU Heterogeneous computing Mobile computing

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Move and improve: A distributed multi-robot coordination approach for multiple depots multiple travelling salesmen problem

Move and improve: A distributed multi-robot coordination app...

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IEEE International Conference on Autonomous Robot systems and Competitions (ICARSC)

作者： Omar Cheikhrouhou Anis Koubâa Hachemi Bennaceur Computer and Embedded Systems Lab University of Sfax Tunisia CISTER/INESC-TEC ISEP Polytechnic institute of Porto Porto Portugal Al-Imam Mohamed bin Saud University Saudi Arabia

The multiple depot multiple travel salesman problem (MD-MTSP) is a common research problem in several mobile robots applications. The problem is known to be NP-hard and centralized solutions are computation intensive and are not suitable for mobile robots applications, in particular for large instances. In this paper, we propose a new market-based multi-robot coordination technique, called move and improve. The concept is simple: in each step of our algorithm, a robot moves and attempts to improve its solution by coordination with its neighbor robots. Our approach consists of four main steps: (1) initial target allocation, (2) tour construction, (3) negotiation of conflicting targets, (4) solution improvement. Several extensive simulations are conducted and our approach is compared against a centralized Genetic Algorithm (GA) MD-MTSP solver in terms of optimality. We demonstrate that our solution outperforms the centralized GA approach.

关键词： Robot kinematics Resource management Robot sensing systems Linear programming Genetic algorithms Mobile robots

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Uncalibrated Stereo Visual Servoing for Manipulators using Virtual Impedance Control

Uncalibrated Stereo Visual Servoing for Manipulators using V...

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International Conference on Control, Automation, Robotics & Vision

作者： Caixia Cai Nikhil Somani Suraj Nair Dario Mendoza Alois Knoll Robotics and Embedded Systems Lab Department of Computer Science Technische Universitat Munchen Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781479952007

In this paper, we present an uncalibrated position-based fixed-camera Visual Servoing for robot manipulators, where the goal is to track the 3D position and orientation of the target. The stereo system with 2 USB cameras is uncalibrated with respect to the robot base frame and the transformation between them is estimated on-line while performing the task. Dynamic impedance control is designed to generate a dynamic trajectory for the robot manipulator considering the dynamic environment constraints, such as: robot singularities avoidance and (self-/obstacle-) collision avoidance. Experiments have been carried out to verify performance of the proposed system on a real industrial robot, where the calibration estimation process and handling of all uncertainties in the environment are demonstrated. Moreover the uncalibrated stereo camera system can be manually moved while performing the task in order to obtain a clearer view and the re-calibration is performed automatically and on-line.

关键词： Cameras Three-dimensional displays Collision avoidance Robot kinematics Visual servoing

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