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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1985年第6期97卷 35-48页

作者： MALKOFF, DB MOY, MC WILLIAMS, HL Dr. Donald B. Malkoff majored in physics as an undergraduate at Harvard University. He received an M.D. degree from the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine in 1960. This was followed by an internship and residency in neurology at University Hospital in Ann Arbor Michigan. He spent several years at the National Institutes of Health engaged in gerontology research has practiced and taught clinical neurology and in 1983 received an M.S. degree in computer science at the University of California San Diego. Currently Dr. Malkoff is employed by the Navy Personnel Research and Development Center in San Diego California where he is senior investigator in a human factor/computer display-and-control project involving the DDG-51 gas turbine propulsion unit. He is a member of the American Academy of Neurology the Society for Neuroscience the American Association for Artificial Intelligence and the Association for Computing Machinery. Dr. Malkoff is certified by the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology has taught computer science at UCSD and published in several research areas including magnetoencephalography and electron microscopy. His basic interests are in the areas of artificial intelligence and learning expert systems particularly as they apply to the problems of fault-detection and control. Dr. Melvyn C. Moy received his undergraduate training in mathematics and chemistry at the University of Texas Austin. He studied experimental psychology at the University of Wisconsin Madison receiving his M.S. in 1970 and Ph.D. in 1972. He served as an assistant professor at the University of South Dakota where he taught experimental design and methodology for a year before joining the Navy Personnel Research and Development Center in 1973. His work and research since then spans across many application areas such as the development of manpower planning models for the Navy the design of operational decision aids the human engineering of interactive large-scale war gaming systems and the evaluation o

The ship fire main has undergone considerable development throughout the past 2,000 years, resulting in a system that is critical both for normal ship function and for ship survivability in emergencies. Because of its complexity, the modern firemain system is highly vulnerable to malfunction and to damage during combat. Firemain fault detection and fault recovery are currently conducted manually by damage control teams. The advantages and disadvantages of this method are discussed, and alternative methods of fault detection and recovery are explored. An interactive computer program is introduced which uses central control over remotely situated valves to facilitate fault detection and recovery, significantly reducing recovery-time and manpower requirements. These reductions may result in savings of lives, ship systems, and ships themselves. The computer program is based upon an algorithm which is, in effect, a prescription that can be followed manually by the operator or be completely automated. The color graphic display which is used for monitoring can also be utilized for the training of damage control operators or for the evaluation of other algorithms for firemain control. Alternative firemain hardware and configurations could lead to even more efficient methods of fault detection and recovery as well as improved firemain water supply management in general.

关键词： NAVAL VESSELS

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Decentralized and Lightweight Cross-Chain Transaction Scheme Based on Proxy Re-signature

Decentralized and Lightweight Cross-Chain Transaction Scheme...

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IEEE International Conference on Trust, Security and Privacy in Computing and Communications (TrustCom)

作者： Huiying Zou Jia Duan Xi Liu Wei Ren Tao Li Xianghan Zheng Kim-Kwang Raymond Choo School of Computer Science China University of Geosciences Wuhan China The Third Surveying and Mapping Institute of Hunan Province Hunan Engineering Research Center of Geographic Information Security and Application Hunan China Key Laboratory of Data Protection and Intelligent Management Sichuan University Ministry of Education China State Key Laboratory of Geo-Information Engineering and Key Laboratory of Surveying and Mapping Science and Geospatial Information Technology of MNR CASM Beijing China College of Computer and Big Data Fuzhou University School of Information and Intelligent Engineering Sanya College China Department of Information Systems and Cyber Security University of Texas at San Antonio San Antonio USA

ISBN: (数字)9798331506209

ISBN: (纸本)9798331506216

With the widespread application of digital assets and the rapid development of blockchain technology, achieving secure and efficient transactions between different blockchain networks has become an urgent challenge. Existing cross-chain methods impose limitations, e.g., hash lock technology exhibits low scalability, side-chain technology is overly complex, and notary schemes pose centralization risks. In order to address these issues, we propose a cross-chain transaction solution based on proxy re-signature technology. To tackle the centralization concerns, we employ proxy re-signature technology to decentralize the authority of notaries among transaction participants, minimizing the potential for centralization at a low cost. We further present an extended scheme that can guarantee more requirements such as higher transaction amount and shorter transaction time. Furthermore, we analyze and compare the signature technologies used in the proposed solution and provide a systematic proof of our approach’s security.

关键词： Privacy Systematics Costs Scalability Blockchains Security

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HUMAN-FACTORS CONSIDERATIONS APPLIED TO OPERATIONS OF THE FFG-8 AND LAMPS MK III

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1984年第3期96卷 191-199页

作者： BAITIS, AE APPLEBEE, TR MCNAMARA, TM A. Erich Baitis: a native of Germany came to the David W. Taylor Naval Ship R&D Center in 1957 as a cooperative student/trainee and received his B.S. degree in physics from Virginia Polytechnic Institute. As a 32-year-old naval architect in 1971 he received both the Vietnam Honor Service Medal and the Navy's Meritorious Civilian Service Award for his eight months as liaison with the Vietnamese Navy's ferro-cement program. As head of the Seakeeping and Stabilization Group of the Surface Ship Dynamics Branch his work has led to the development of a new standard Ship Motion Computer Program and the application of ship motions to ship habitability operability and survivability problems. A major area of this work has been the ship-aircraft interface which is particularly sensitive to ship motions wind and other environmental factors. He is a member of the American Society of Naval Engineers and was awarded the Solberg Award for 1982 “in recognition of significant engineering research and development contributions in the area of improved helicopter operations from a ship in a seaway.” Terrence A. Applebee:is currently a naval architect at the David W. Taylor Naval Ship R&D Center in the Surface Ship Dynamics Branch. he came to the Center after earning a B.S. degree in ocean engineering from Florida Institute of Technology in 1973. Since that time he has worked in the areas of seakeeping performance evaluation ship-helicopter interfacing and human factor considerations. He is a member of the American Society of Naval Engineers and the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers. Thomas M. McNamara:is an employee of the John Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory in the ocean data acquisition program. From 1979 to 1983 he worked at David W. Taylor Naval Ship R&D Center in the Surface Ship Dynamics Branch. His expertise has focused on the development of computer models for human factor evaluations as well as motion stabilization systems. He has participated in the development of advanced stabilizat

The FFG 7/LAMPS MK III Operator Guidance Manual (OGM) was developed for all FFG-7 class frigates which are not fin stabilized or are operating with the fins off. The OGM was developed to assis the ship operators of the FFG-7 class in choosing ship speed and heading combinations which will minimize ship motion-related problems during various phases of the LAMPS deployment. Crew safety and performance were major concerns in the development of the OGM. This paper reviews the effect of human factors on ship operations during helicopter recovery, maintenance, and transit to and from the hangar.

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地理大数据揭示中国主要城市建成环境物质存量的空间格局

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engineering 2024年第3期34卷 143-153页

作者： Zhou Huang Yi Bao Ruichang Mao Han Wang Ganmin Yin Lin Wan Houji Qi Qiaoxuan Li Hongzhao Tang Qiance Liu Linna Li Bailang Yu Qinghua Guo Yu Liu Huadong Guo Gang Liu Institute of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information Systems School of Earth and Space SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals Beijing 100094China SDU Life Cycle Engineering Department of Green TechnologyUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdense 5230Denmark Department of Construction Management School of Civil EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China School of Computer Science China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China School of Geographical Sciences East China Normal UniversityShanghai 200062China Land Satellite Remote Sensing Application Center Ministry of Natural ResourcesBeijing 100048China Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Department of Geography California State UniversityLong BeachCA 90840USA Aerospace Information Research Institute Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100094China College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China

The patterns of material accumulation in buildings and infrastructure accompanied by rapid urbanization offer an important,yet hitherto largely missing stock perspective for facilitating urban system engineering and informing urban resources,waste,and climate ***,our existing knowledge on the patterns of built environment stocks across and particularly within cities is limited,largely owing to the lack of sufficient high spatial resolution *** study leveraged multi-source big geodata,machine learning,and bottom-up stock accounting to characterize the built environment stocks of 50 cities in China at 500 m fine-grained *** per capita built environment stock of many cities(261 tonnes per capita on average)is close to that in western cities,despite considerable disparities across cities owing to their varying socioeconomic,geomorphology,and urban form *** is mainly owing to the construction boom and the building and infrastructure-driven economy of China in the past ***’s urban expansion tends to be more“vertical”(with high-rise buildings)than“horizontal”(with expanded road networks).It trades skylines for space,and reflects a concentration-dispersion-concentration pathway for spatialized built environment stocks development within cities in *** results shed light on future urbanization in developing cities,inform spatial planning,and support circular and low-carbon transitions in cities.

关键词： Urban system engineering Built environment stock Spatial pattern Urban sustainability Big geodata

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Bionic Soft Fingers with Hybrid Variable Stiffness Mechanisms for Multimode Grasping

Bionic Soft Fingers with Hybrid Variable Stiffness Mechanism...

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IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA)

作者： Xiangbo Wang Tianran Zhang Hongze Yu Zhenwei Wen Lide Fang Huaping Liu Fuchun Sun Lixue Tang Bin Fang College of Quality and Technical Supervision Hebei University Baoding China School of Artificial Intelligence Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing China School of Mechanical Engineering & Automation Beihang University Beijing China International School Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing China Department of Computer Science and Technology Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology Institute for Artificial Intelligence State Key Lab of Intelligent Technology and Systems Tsinghua University Beijing China School of Biomedical Engineering Beijing Key Laboratory of Fundamental Research on Biomechanics in Clinical Application Capital Medical University Beijing China

ISBN: (数字)9798350384574

ISBN: (纸本)9798350384581

This paper presents a novel Bionic Soft Finger (BSF) that aims to overcome the limitations of conventional rigid manipulators in terms of adaptability and safety, as well as the challenges faced by soft hands regarding carrying capacity and stability. The BSF design uses a hybrid variable stiffness mechanism combining memory alloy actuators with particle jamming to achieve the desired bending angle and actuator stiffness. Our innovative approach utilizes a bionic finger design that incorporates a memory alloy skeleton and a water-cooled recirculation system, leading to a substantial reduction in the time required for each operation. Through the integration of particle jamming, we have enhanced the overall stiffness and performance of the manipulator, enabling load capacities of up to 3N per finger and more than twice the stiffness of a normal condition. Additionally, our design enables multimode grasping and incorporates a liquid metal strain sensor (METT) for real-time monitoring of finger bending angles. Comparative analyses demonstrate that our design exhibits superior stiffness and enables five-mode grasping in comparison to pneumatic actuators. We believe that bionic soft fingers present a promising solution for enhancing adaptability, safety, and performance in human-robot interaction applications.

关键词： Metals Grasping Bending Manipulators Stability analysis Skeleton Real-time systems

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DPHL:A DIA Pan-human Protein Mass Spectrometry Library for Robust Biomarker Discovery

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2020年第2期18卷 104-119页

作者： Tiansheng Zhu Yi Zhu Yue Xuan Huanhuan Gao Xue Cai Sander R.Piersma Thang V.Pham Tim Schelfhorst Richard R.G.D.Haas Irene V.Bijnsdorp Rui Sun Liang Yue Guan Ruan Qiushi Zhang Mo Hu Yue Zhou Winan J.Van Houdt Tessa Y.S.Le Large Jacqueline Cloos Anna Wojtuszkiewicz Danijela Koppers-Lalic Franziska Bottger Chantal Scheepbouwer Ruud H.Brakenhoff Geert J.L.H.van Leenders Jan N.M.Ijzermans John W.M.Martens Renske D.M.Steenbergen Nicole C.Grieken Sathiyamoorthy Selvarajan Sangeeta Mantoo Sze S.Lee Serene J.Y.Yeow Syed M.F.Alkaff Nan Xiang Yaoting Sun Xiao Yi Shaozheng Dai Wei Liu Tian Lu Zhicheng Wu Xiao Liang Man Wang Yingkuan Shao Xi Zheng Kailun Xu Qin Yang Yifan Meng Cong Lu Jiang Zhu Jin'e Zheng Bo Wang Sai Lou Yibei Dai Chao Xu Chenhuan Yu Huazhong Ying Tony K.Lim Jianmin Wu Xiaofei Gao Zhongzhi Luan Xiaodong Teng Peng Wu Shi'ang Huang Zhihua Tao Narayanan G.Iyer Shuigeng Zhou Wenguang Shao Henry Lam Ding Ma Jiafu Ji Oi L.Kon Shu Zheng Ruedi Aebersold Connie R.Jimenez Tiannan Guo Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine Westlake UniversityHangzhou 310024China Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province School of Life SciencesWestlake UniversityHangzhou 310024China Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Westlake Institute for Advanced StudyHangzhou 310024China School of Computer Science Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information ProcessingFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Thermo Fisher Scientific(BREMEN)GmbH Bremen 28195Germany OncoProteomics Laboratory Department of Medical OncologyVU University Medical CenterVU UniversityAmsterdam 1011The Netherlands Amsterdam UMC Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamUrologyCancer Center AmsterdamAmsterdam 1011The Netherlands Thermo Fisher Scientific Shanghai 201206China The Netherlands Cancer Institute Surgical OncologyAmsterdam 1011The Netherlands Amsterdam UMC Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamSurgeryCancer Center AmsterdamAmsterdam 1011The Netherlands Amsterdam UMC Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamPediatric Oncology/HematologyCancer Center AmsterdamAmsterdam 1011The Netherlands Amsterdam UMC Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamHematologyCancer Center AmsterdamAmsterdam 1011The Netherlands Amsterdam UMC Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamMedical OncologyCancer Center AmsterdamAmsterdam 1011The Netherlands Amsterdam UMC Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamNeurosurgeryCancer Center AmsterdamAmsterdam 1011The Netherlands Amsterdam UMC Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamPathologyCancer Center AmsterdamAmsterdam 1011The Netherlands Amsterdam UMC Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamOtolaryngology/Head and Neck SurgeryCancer Center AmsterdamAmsterdam 1011The Netherlands Erasmus MC University Medical Center PathologyRotterdam 1016LVThe Netherlands Erasmus MC University Medical Center SurgeryRotterdam 1016LVThe Netherlands Erasmus MC University Medical Center Medical OncologyRotterdam 1016LVThe Netherlands Department of Anatomical Pathology Singapore General HospitalSingapore 169608Singapore Division of Medical Scie

To address the increasing need for detecting and validating protein biomarkers in clinical specimens,mass spectrometry(MS)-based targeted proteomic techniques,including the selected reaction monitoring(SRM),parallel reaction monitoring(PRM),and massively parallel dataindependent acquisition(DIA),have been *** optimal performance,they require the fragment ion spectra of targeted peptides as prior *** this report,we describe a MS pipeline and spectral resource to support targeted proteomics studies for human tissue *** build the spectral resource,we integrated common open-source MS computational tools to assemble a freely accessible computational workflow based on *** then applied the workflow to generate DPHL,a comprehensive DIA pan-human library,from 1096 data-dependent acquisition(DDA)MS raw files for 16 types of cancer *** extensive spectral resource was then applied to a proteomic study of 17 prostate cancer(PCa)***,PRM validation was applied to a larger study of 57 PCa patients and the differential expression of three proteins in prostate tumor was *** a second application,the DPHL spectral resource was applied to a study consisting of plasma samples from 19 diffuse large B cell lymphoma(DLBCL)patients and 18 healthy control *** expressed proteins between DLBCL patients and healthy control subjects were detected by DIA-MS and confirmed by *** data demonstrate that the DPHL supports DIA and PRM MS pipelines for robust protein biomarker *** is freely accessible at https://***/page/***?id=IPX0001400000.

关键词： Data-independent acquisition Parallel reaction monitoring Spectral library Prostate cancer Diffuse large B cell lymphoma

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UTILIZING RESERVE ASSETS - MUTUAL SUPPORT AT SUPSHIP BATH

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1993年第6期105卷 39-42页

作者： GOLDA, EM PORPORA, GA Cdr. Eugene Michael Golda:is a Naval Reserve engineering duty officer and is commanding officer of NR NavSea PMS Det 302. He has developed and directed mutual support programs assisting the Supervisor of Shipbuilding Brooklyn and has participated in the training and mutual support programs at the Supervisor of Shipbuilding Bath. He received a Ph.D. and M.S. in materials science and engineering from Stevens Institute of Technology Hoboken N.J. A 1977 graduate of the United States Naval Academy Cdr. Golda has been a member of ASNE since 1974. Cdr. Golda is a materials engineer at the Annapolis Detachment Carderock Division Naval Surface Warfare Center working on naval applications of superconducting technology. LCdr. Gregory A. Porpora:is an IBM market support representative who provides technical consulting support in application development with computer aided software engineering (CASE) tools. Prior to joining IBM he was a senior design engineer for a defense contractor involved in design and development of radar and ASW systems including the AN/BSY-1 combat system trainer. LCdr. Porpora is a member of IEEE the Naval Institute and the Naval Reserve Association. He holds a BSEE and MSEE from the Polytechnic Institute of Technology New York. LCdr. Porpora is currently assigned to NR SupShip Det 502 which provides extensive mutual support for the Supervisor of Shipbuilding Bath and the resident office in Brooklyn New York.

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NTDS - A PAGE IN NAVAL HISTORY

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1988年第3期100卷 53-61页

作者： SWENSON, EN MAHINSKE, EB STOUTENBURGH, JS Capt. Erick N. Swenson USNR (Ret.):is a project manager for special projects in the Surface Ship Systems Division Hughes Aircraft Company Fullerton Calif where he has been employed since his retirement from the U.S. Navy in 1975. Originally trained as an electronics technician during WWII in the Captain Eddy program he later received a BS degree in electrical engineering from the University of Rochester Rochester N. Y. in 1950. Subsequent engineering education was received at the University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Penn. and the Naval Postgraduate School Monterey Calif. After commissioning he was ordered to duty as the electronics division officer on the USSMissouri(BB-63) and electronics ships superintendent at Hunters Point Naval Shipyard San Francisco Calif. When the design of the Naval Tactical Data System began in the mid-1950s Lt. (j.g.) Swenson was ordered to the Bureau of Ships Navy Department Washington D.C. as the junior engineering duty only officer assigned to the project. From 1962 to 1965 LCdr. Swenson was assigned as the BuShips technical representative on the program at Remington Rand Univac St. Paul Minn. For the next ten years he returned to BuShips/NavSea/NAVSEC as the NTDS project officer. During this time the project expanded considerably foreign military sales were heavily involved and interoperability with other services and countries were established. His final effort on active duty was to instigate the redesign of the previousSpruanceclass destroyers into the newerAdmiral Kiddclass improvement program. He is a registered professional electrical engineer in the State of California listed inWho's Who in the Worldis a life member of ASNE and chairman of the Long Beach/Greater LA Section. Capt. Edmund B. Mahinske USN (Ret.):is an alumnus of the U.S. Naval Academy the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Harvard Business School. His technical background is in electronics and he specialized in the management of programs involving the application of comp

A little over thirty years ago, a group of naval engineers were assembled by the Bureau of Ships to develop a new system approach to the combat information center (CIC). The CIC of World War II, with its “grease pencil” plots and voice telling of tactical information from sensors and other ships, could no longer provide the timely, coordinated reaction to postwar threats. This project group led the Navy into the new world of large-scale, high-speed digital electronics and into a new mode of conducting naval warfare as well. There were no off-the-shelf computers of the requisite capability, size and reliability; what were available were monstrous vacuum tube computers. There were no display equipments that were “conversant” in both the digital language of the computer and the analog language of the sensors and the weapon systems. Who ever heard, at that time, of a computer running a tactical communication net automatically? It was hard enough to find sufficient numbers of engineers who knew what a digital computer was. This paper, by three naval engineers in the implementing engineering office, depicts the evolvement of the Naval Tactical Data systems (NTDS) as they saw it. It discusses the problems that stemmed from the transition from the old world of analog into the new digital world, the system concepts that steered the development; the key decisions that were made; new electronic equipment and processes that became necessary; and the need of the mangagement to face the real world of deadlines, ship schedules and operational requirements.

关键词： NAVAL WARFARE

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AN ADVANCED METHODOLOGY FOR PRELIMINARY HULL FORM DEVELOPMENT

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1984年第4期96卷 147-161页

作者： LIN, WC DAY, WG HOUGH, JJ KEANE, RG WALDEN, DA KOH, IY Wen-Chin Lin:heads the Ship Powering Division at the David Taylor Naval Ship R&D Center (DTNSRDC). Dr. Lin received his B.S. degree in mechanical engineering from the National Taiwan University in 1957. He was awarded his M.S. degree in naval architecture and Ph.D. in engineering science from the University of California at Berkeley in 1963 and 1966 respectively. From 1966 to 1969 he was employed by ESSO Research and Engineering Company to conduct marine hydrodynamic research for oil tankers and offshore structures. Since joining DTNSRDC in 1969 he has actively conducted and directed hydrodynamic research to advance naval ship design technology and improve ship performance. Active in national and international symposia on ship hydrodynamic research he is recognized for contributions to the ship research community. For the past six years he has been a member of the Performance Committee of the ITTC and currently serves as secretary of the committee. He is a member of SNAME and the Society of Naval Architects of Japan. William G. Day Jr:. has been employed as a naval architect at the David Taylor Naval Ship R&D Center since receiving a B.E.S. degree from the Johns Hopkins University in 1966. He obtained an M.S. E. degree from George Washington University in 1971. As Head Design Evaluation Branch of the Ship Performance Department he is responsible for model experiments to evaluate the hydrodynamic performance of ships and propulsors. He is a member of ASNE and SNAME. In-Young Koh:received his B.S. and M.S. degrees in electrical engineering from Lowell University in 1969 and 1971 respectively and his Ph.D. in applied mechanics from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in 1976. Dr. Koh joined DTNSRDC as an electronic engineer specializing in the application of advanced instrumentation and computer techniques to ship research and design. He is currently engaged in research and development of active control systems for naval ship applications. Dr. Koh is a member of ASNE SNAME and IEEE. David Andrew Walden:is

A ship design methodology is presented for developing hull forms that attain improved performance in both seakeeping and resistance. Contrary to traditional practice, the methodology starts with developing a seakeeping-optimized hull form without making concessions to other performance considerations, such as resistance. The seakeeping-optimized hull is then modified to improve other performance characteristics without degrading the seakeeping. Presented is a point-design example produced by this methodology. Merits of the methodology and the point design are assessed on the basis of theoretical calculations and model experiments. This methodology is an integral part of the Hull Form Design System (HFDS) being developed for computer-supported naval ship design. The modularized character of HFDS and its application to hull form development are discussed.

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Influence of human engineering on manning levels and human performance on ships

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1997年第5期109卷 67-76页

作者： Anderson, DE Oberman, FR Malone, TB Baker, CC David E. Anderson:has a bachelor of science degree in environmental engineering from Florida Technological University and a master's degree in environmental engineering from the University of Central Florida. He is a graduate of the Naval Sea Systems Command's Engineer-In-Training (EIT) Program. Mr. Anderson was instrumental in introducing the collective protection system (CPS) in the U.S. Navy developing the initial forward-fit package for the USS Gunston Hall and the engineering change proposal (ECP) for the USS Wasp. In 1990 he joined the Human Systems Integration (HSI) Division (SEA 55W5) where he was task leader for auxiliary ships. He is currently the HSI manager for the future technology variant of the SeaLift ship and the future carrier. Association of Scientists and Engineers 33rdAnnual Technical Symposium 26 April 1996. Fred R. Oberman:has B.A. and M.A. degrees from the University of Chicago and Loyola University (experimental psychology) and an M.S. degree in industrial engineering and operations research from Virginia Polytechnic Institute (VPI). He has more than 30 years experience in HSI management planning research analysis design and testing in government and private sector positions. He is currently responsible for NavSea HSI generic research and tool development efforts. He is responsible for Human Engineering Specifications and Standards (Commercial Hypertext) and is the NavSea 03D7 representative on HSI in Performance Specifications and for integration of HSI within Integrated Logistic Support (ILS). He has served as DoD HSI SubTAG chair and member of the Simulation and Modeling Test and Evaluation Display and Control Systems Human Computer Interaction Specifications and Standards and Systems Design Sub Tags as a member of the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers (SNAME) Systems Safety Panel and a member of NATO RSG 14 on man-machine analysis. Thomas B. Malone: CHFEP received a Ph.D. in experimental psychology from Fordham University in 1964. He is president of Carlow

The objectives of Human engineering (HE) are generally viewed as increasing human performance, reducing human error, enhancing personnel and equipment safety, and reducing training and related personnel costs. There are other benefits that are thoroughly consistent with the direction of the Navy of the future, chief among these is reduction of required numbers of personnel to operate and maintain Navy ships. The Naval Research Advisory Committee (NRAC) report on Man-Machine Technology in the Navy estimated that one of the benefits from increased application of man-machine technology to Navy ship design is personnel reduction as well as improving system availability, effectiveness, and safety The objective of this paper is to discuss aspects of the human engineering design of ships and systems that affect manning requirements, and impact human-performance and safety The paper will also discuss how the application of human engineering leads to improved performance, and crew safety, and reduced workload, all of which influence manning levels. Finally, the paper presents a discussion of tools and case studies of good human engineering design practices which reduce manning.

关键词： Human engineering

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