The objectives of Human Engineering (HE) are generally viewed as increasing human performance, reducing human error, enhancing personnel and equipment safety, and reducing training and related personnel costs. There a...
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The objectives of Human Engineering (HE) are generally viewed as increasing human performance, reducing human error, enhancing personnel and equipment safety, and reducing training and related personnel costs. There are other benefits that are thoroughly consistent with the direction of the Navy of the future, chief among these is reduction of required numbers of personnel to operate and maintain Navy ships. The Naval Research Advisory Committee (NRAC) report on Man-Machine Technology in the Navy estimated that one of the benefits from increased application of man-machine technology to Navy ship design is personnel reduction as well as improving system availability, effectiveness, and safety The objective of this paper is to discuss aspects of the human engineering design of ships and systems that affect manning requirements, and impact human-performance and safety The paper will also discuss how the application of human engineering leads to improved performance, and crew safety, and reduced workload, all of which influence manning levels. Finally, the paper presents a discussion of tools and case studies of good human engineering design practices which reduce manning.
作者：
RICE, GBRINKMAN, JMULLER, DGeorge F. Rice
geohydrologist joined Sergent Hauskins & Beckwith Geotechnical Engineers Inc. (4700 Lincoln Rd. N.E. Albuquerque NM 87109) in 1983 and is working on the UMTRA Project. His duties include characterization of low-level nuclear waste sites design of monitor well and vadose zone monitoring networks application of ground water transport codes and prediction of the effects of remedial actions on ground water. Dianna L. Muller
civil engineer joined the UMTRA Project in 1985 as a member of the Hydrological Services Group. She works for Roy F. Weston Inc. (5301 Central Ave. N.E. Suite 1000 Albuquerque NM 87108). Her duties include primary responsibility for laboratory water quality data analyses meeting UMTRA quality assurance specifications and support to the staff geohydrologists. James E. Brinkman
senior geohydrogeologist joined R.oy F. Weston Inc. (5301 Central Ave. N.E. Suite 1000 Albuquerque NM 87108) in February 1987 as senior geohydrologist. His duties include project management for hydrogeologic field investigations at mill tailings and hazardous and mixed waste sites design of ground water monitoring networks design of contaminant control and removal measures and predictive analysis of future impacts utilizing computer modeling techniques.
Ground water quality investigations require reliable chemical analyses of water samples. Unfortunately, laboratory analytical results are often unreliable. The Uranium Mill Tailings Remedial Action (UMTRA) Project'...
Ground water quality investigations require reliable chemical analyses of water samples. Unfortunately, laboratory analytical results are often unreliable. The Uranium Mill Tailings Remedial Action (UMTRA) Project's solution to this problem was to establish a two-phase quality assurance program for the analysis of water samples. In the first phase, eight laboratories analyzed three solutions of known composition. The analytical accuracy of each laboratory was ranked and three laboratories were awarded contracts. The second phase consists of on-going monitoring of the reliability of the selected laboratories. The following conclusions are based on two years of experience with the UMTRA Project's Quality Assurance Program: • The reliability of laboratory analyses should not be taken for granted. • Analytical reliability may be independent of the prices charged by laboratories. • Quality assurance programs benefit both the customer and the laboratory.
The potential use of rudders as anti-roll devices has long been recognized. However, the possible interference of this secondary function of the rudder with its primary role as the steering mechanism has prevented, fo...
The potential use of rudders as anti-roll devices has long been recognized. However, the possible interference of this secondary function of the rudder with its primary role as the steering mechanism has prevented, for many years, the development of practical rudder roll stabilizers. The practical feasibility of rudder roll stabilization has, however, in recent years been demonstrated by two systems designed and developed for operational evaluation aboard two different U.S. C oast G uard Cutters, i.e., Jarvis and Mellon of the 3,000-ton, 378-foot HAMILTON Class. The authors describe the major components of the rudder roll stabilization (RRS) system, along with the design goals and methodology as applied to these first two prototypes. In addition, a brief history of the hardware development is provided in order to show some of the lessons learned. The near flawless performance of the prototypes over the past four years of operational use in the North Pacific is documented. Results from various sea trials and reports of the ship operators are cited and discussed. The paper concludes with a discussion of the costs and benefits of roll stabilization achieved using both a modern anti-roll fin system, as well as two different performance level RRS systems. The benefits of roll stabilization are demonstrated by the relative expansion in the operational envelopes of the USS OLIVER HAZARD PERRY (FFG-7) Class. The varying levels of roll stabilization suggest that the merits of fins and RRS systems are strongly dependent on mission requirements and the environment. The demonstrated performance of the reliable RRS system offers the naval ship acquisition manager a good economical stabilization system.
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