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Order-to-chaos transition in the hardness of random Boolean satisfiability problems

Physical Review E 2016年第5期93卷 052211-052211页

作者： Melinda Varga Róbert Sumi Zoltán Toroczkai Mária Ercsey-Ravasz Department of Physics and the Interdisciplinary Center for Network Science and Applications (iCeNSA) University of Notre Dame Notre Dame Indiana 46556 USA Faculty of Physics Hungarian Physics Institute Babes-Bolyai University Cluj-Napoca Romania Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of Notre Dame Notre Dame Indiana 46556 USA

Transient chaos is a ubiquitous phenomenon characterizing the dynamics of phase-space trajectories evolving towards a steady-state attractor in physical systems as diverse as fluids, chemical reactions, and condensed matter systems. Here we show that transient chaos also appears in the dynamics of certain efficient algorithms searching for solutions of constraint satisfaction problems that include scheduling, circuit design, routing, database problems, and even Sudoku. In particular, we present a study of the emergence of hardness in Boolean satisfiability (k-SAT), a canonical class of constraint satisfaction problems, by using an analog deterministic algorithm based on a system of ordinary differential equations. Problem hardness is defined through the escape rate κ, an invariant measure of transient chaos of the dynamical system corresponding to the analog algorithm, and it expresses the rate at which the trajectory approaches a solution. We show that for a given density of constraints and fixed number of Boolean variables N, the hardness of formulas in random k-SAT ensembles has a wide variation, approximable by a lognormal distribution. We also show that when increasing the density of constraints α, hardness appears through a second-order phase transition at αχ in the random 3-SAT ensemble where dynamical trajectories become transiently chaotic. A similar behavior is found in 4-SAT as well, however, such a transition does not occur for 2-SAT. This behavior also implies a novel type of transient chaos in which the escape rate has an exponential-algebraic dependence on the critical parameter κ∼NB|α−αχ|1−γ with 0<γ<1. We demonstrate that the transition is generated by the appearance of metastable basins in the solution space as the density of constraints α is increased.

关键词： Boolean satisfiability problem Chaos

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Improving constrained glider trajectories for ocean eddy border sampling within extended mission planning time

Improving constrained glider trajectories for ocean eddy bor...

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Congress on Evolutionary Computation

作者： Aleš Zamuda José Daniel Hernández Sosa Leonhard Adler Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Maribor Maribor Slovenia Institute of Intelligent Systems and Numerical Applications in Engineering University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Campus de Tafira Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Spain

ISBN: (纸本)9781509006243

This paper extends the performance assessment of an underwater glider path planning approach recently proposed for constrained sub-mesoscale eddy border sampling conditions, for situations benefiting from extended mission planning time. The aim of addressing such situations is to improve the glider vehicle capabilities through improving its off-board controller, which computes an improved trajectory for the eddy sampling task, compared to the usual rather shorter planning time. The improvement in robustness for the controller for several scenarios in this global trajectory optimization is also analyzed, together with comparison to shorter planning time for this autonomous vehicle and environmental data sampling type. As shown through results, the approach is able to provide several useful and non-intuitive solutions, improving in helpful ways. The trajectories for sub-mesoscale eddy sampling are thereby improved, in a way that might be useful for possible machine controller pondering or auto-piloting at open sea, when piloting user feedback is not available or even amidst the consecutive interruptions of user-intensive planning instructions. Managing complexity under limited resources and designing vessel navigation schedule plan under uncertain conditions within such extended mission planning time, therefore improves the mission quality as well. By optimizing trajectories with differential evolution and then visualizing them, we provide human-machine interaction for rapid knowledge discovery, data mining, and presentation of possibly large space satellite captured data sets (Big Data) analysis and exploitation.

关键词： Trajectory Sociology Statistics Optimization Planning Vehicles Robots

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Wearable Sensors: Recyclable Nonfunctionalized Paper-Based Ultralow-Cost Wearable Health Monitoring System (Adv. Mater. Technol. 4/2017)

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Advanced Materials Technologies 2017年第4期2卷

作者： Joanna M. Nassar Kush Mishra Kirklann Lau Andres A. Aguirre-Pablo Muhammad M. Hussain Integrated Disruptive Electronic Applications (IDEA) Lab and Integrated Nanotechnology Lab Computer Electrical Mathematical Science and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia Engineering Department Harvey Mudd College Claremont CA 91711 USA High Speed Fluids Imaging Lab Physical Sciences and Engineering Mechanical Engineering Physical Science and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia

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App-Based Long-Term Care E-Learning Platform

App-Based Long-Term Care E-Learning Platform

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International Conference of Educational Innovation through Technology (EITT)

作者： Anthony Y.H. Liao Shun-Pin Huang Dept. of M-Commerce and Multimedia Applications Asia University Taichung Taiwan R.O.C Dept. of Computer Science and Information Engineering Asia University Taichung Taiwan R.O.C

ISBN: (纸本)9781509061396

The percentage of age 65 and older elderly population in Taiwan has passed threshold of population aging country. How to deal with the phenomenon of an aging population is an important issue our country needs to concern. Therefore, a 10-year long-term care plan is approved by Executive Yuan. In this plan, long-term care attendant cultivation is a priority. Due to the rapid growth of long-term care resources, the provision of services in terms of the number of agencies, the demand for care attendants are also fast increasing. In response to a rapid increment in the huge manpower requirements and manage their service quality, strengthening service training and enhancing the quality of training become an important issue. How to use mobile learning to enhance long-term care E-Learning environment to reduce the inconveniences in operations and exercises? App-based E-Learning platform can provide a good way for learning and practice anytime. According to the latest report released by Institute for Information Industry, the APP use behavioral research survey reveals that mobile Internet era has come, and the time duration people reply on smartphones is longer. It means the relationship between people's life and mobile devices is inseparable. In this research, an App-based E-Learning platform is proposed and implemented for the education and training for long-term care attendants to allow the care attendants to learn anytime, anywhere. The experimental results show that the proposed App-based long-term care E-Learning platform can facilitate the learning performance on the long-term care attendants' education and training. Moreover, the users are satisfied with the proposed platform.

关键词： Electronic learning Sociology Statistics Internet Training Mobile communication

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Social and moral psychology of COVID-19 across 69 countries

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Scientific data 2023年第1期10卷 272页

作者： Flavio Azevedo Tomislav Pavlović Gabriel G Rêgo F Ceren Ay Biljana Gjoneska Tom W Etienne Robert M Ross Philipp Schönegger Julián C Riaño-Moreno Aleksandra Cichocka Valerio Capraro Luca Cian Chiara Longoni Ho Fai Chan Jay J Van Bavel Hallgeir Sjåstad John B Nezlek Mark Alfano Michele J Gelfand Michèle D Birtel Aleksandra Cislak Patricia L Lockwood Koen Abts Elena Agadullina John Jamir Benzon Aruta Sahba Nomvula Besharati Alexander Bor Becky L Choma Charles David Crabtree William A Cunningham Koustav De Waqas Ejaz Christian T Elbaek Andrej Findor Daniel Flichtentrei Renata Franc June Gruber Estrella Gualda Yusaku Horiuchi Toan Luu Duc Huynh Agustin Ibanez Mostak Ahamed Imran Jacob Israelashvili Katarzyna Jasko Jaroslaw Kantorowicz Elena Kantorowicz-Reznichenko André Krouwel Michael Laakasuo Claus Lamm Caroline Leygue Ming-Jen Lin Mohammad Sabbir Mansoor Antoine Marie Lewend Mayiwar Honorata Mazepus Cillian McHugh John Paul Minda Panagiotis Mitkidis Andreas Olsson Tobias Otterbring Dominic J Packer Anat Perry Michael Bang Petersen Arathy Puthillam Tobias Rothmund Hernando Santamaría-García Petra C Schmid Drozdstoy Stoyanov Shruti Tewari Bojan Todosijević Manos Tsakiris Hans H Tung Radu G Umbres Edmunds Vanags Madalina Vlasceanu Andrew Vonasch Meltem Yucel Yucheng Zhang Mohcine Abad Eli Adler Narin Akrawi Hamza Alaoui Mdarhri Hanane Amara David M Amodio Benedict G Antazo Matthew Apps Mouhamadou Hady Ba Sergio Barbosa Brock Bastian Anton Berg Maria P Bernal-Zárate Michael Bernstein Michał Białek Ennio Bilancini Natalia Bogatyreva Leonardo Boncinelli Jonathan E Booth Sylvie Borau Ondrej Buchel C Daryl Cameron Chrissie F Carvalho Tatiana Celadin Chiara Cerami Hom Nath Chalise Xiaojun Cheng Kate Cockcroft Jane Conway Mateo Andres Córdoba-Delgado Chiara Crespi Marie Crouzevialle Jo Cutler Marzena Cypryańska Justyna Dabrowska Michael A Daniels Victoria H Davis Pamala N Dayley Sylvain Delouvée Ognjan Denkovski Guillaume Dezecache Nathan A Dhaliwal Alelie B Diato Roberto Di Paolo Marianna Drosinou Uwe Dulleck Jānis Ekmanis Department of Psychology University of Cambridge Cambridge England. fa441@cam.ac.uk. Institute of Communication Science Friedrich-Schiller University Jena Jena Germany. fa441@cam.ac.uk. Institute of Social Sciences Ivo Pilar Zagreb Croatia. Social and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory Mackenzie Presbyterian University São Paulo Brazil. Department of Economics Norwegian School of Economics Bergen Norway. Telenor Research Oslo Norway. Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts Skopje Republic of North Macedonia. Kieskompas - Election Compass Amsterdam Netherlands. Department of Political Science & Annenberg School for Communication University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA. Department of Psychology Macquarie University Sydney NSW Australia. Department of Philosophy University of St Andrews St Andrews Scotland. School of Economics and Finance University of St Andrews St Andrews Scotland. Medicine Faculty Cooperative University of Colombia Villavicencio Colombia. Department of Bioethics El Bosque University Bogotá Colombia. School of Psychology University of Kent Canterbury England. Department of Economics Middlesex University London London England. Darden School of Business University of Virginia Charlottesville VA USA. Questrom School of Business Boston University Boston MA USA. School of Economics and Finance Queensland University of Technology Brisbane QLD Australia. Center for Behavioural Economics Society and Technology Queensland University of Technology Brisbane QLD Australia. Department of Psychology and Neural Science New York University New York NY USA. Department of Strategy and Management Norwegian School of Economics Bergen Norway. SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities Warsaw Poland. Department of Psychological Sciences College of William and Mary Williamsburg VA USA. Department of Philosophy Macquarie University Sydney NSW Australia. Stanford Graduate School of Business Stanford University Stanford CA USA.

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected all domains of human life, including the economic and social fabric of societies. One of the central strategies for managing public health throughout the pandemic has been through persuasive messaging and collective behaviour change. To help scholars better understand the social and moral psychology behind public health behaviour, we present a dataset comprising of 51,404 individuals from 69 countries. This dataset was collected for the International Collaboration on Social & Moral Psychology of COVID-19 project (ICSMP COVID-19). This social science survey invited participants around the world to complete a series of moral and psychological measures and public health attitudes about COVID-19 during an early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic (between April and June 2020). The survey included seven broad categories of questions: COVID-19 beliefs and compliance behaviours; identity and social attitudes; ideology; health and well-being; moral beliefs and motivation; personality traits; and demographic variables. We report both raw and cleaned data, along with all survey materials, data visualisations, and psychometric evaluations of key variables.

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Generation of Curved High-order Meshes with Optimal Quality and Geometric Accuracy

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Procedia engineering 2016年 163卷 315-327页

作者： Eloi Ruiz-Gironés Josep Sarrate Xevi Roca Laboratori de Cálcul Numèric (LaCáN) Departament d’Enginyeria Civil i Ambiental Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC) Campus Nord UPC 08034 Barcelona Spain Computer Applications in Science and Engineering Barcelona Supercomputing Center 08034 Barcelona Spain

We present a novel methodology to generate curved high-order meshes featuring optimal mesh quality and geometric accuracy. The proposed technique combines a distortion measure and a geometric -disparity measure into a single objective function. While the element distortion term takes into account the mesh quality, the -disparity term takes into account the geometric error introduced by the mesh approximation to the target geometry. The proposed technique has several advantages. First, we are not restricted to interpolative meshes and therefore, the resulting mesh approximates the target domain in a non-interpolative way, further increasing the geometric accuracy. Second, we are able to generate a series of meshes that converge to the actual geometry with expected rate while obtaining high-quality elements. Third, we show that the proposed technique is robust enough to handle real-case geometries that contain gaps between adjacent entities.

关键词： Curved high-order mesh non-interpolative mesh disparity measure geometric accuracy distortion measure

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A framework for performance optimisation at software architecture level

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International Journal of Wireless and Mobile Computing 2016年第1期10卷 42-47页

作者： Ye, Peng Ni, You-Cong Du, Xin Li, Song Xie, Da-Tong Xiao, Ru-Liang College of Mathematics and Computer Wuhan Textile University WuhanHubei China Faculty of Software Fujian Normal University FuzhouFujian China Centre of Excellence for Research in Computational Intelligence and Applications School of Computer Science University of Birmingham EdgbastonBirmingham United Kingdom Department of Information Management Engineering Fujian Commercial College FuzhouFujian China

Architecture-based software performance optimisation can significantly not only save time but also reduce cost. A few rule-based performance optimisation approaches at software architecture level have been proposed in recent years. However, the count and the order of each rule usage in the optimisation process have not been fully considered in these approaches. Consequently, the search space for performance improvement is limited so that the optimal solution is hard to find out. Aiming at this problem, firstly, rule-based software performance optimisation is abstracted into a mathematical model called RPOM. The mathematical relation between usage of rules and optimal solution in performance improvement space is precisely characterised in the RPOM. Furthermore, we design a rule sequence execution framework named RSEF which can solve RPOM model. The result of this paper will help those rule-based software performance optimisation approaches to search the larger space in order to improve the quality of optimisation. © Copyright 2016 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

关键词： Software architecture

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Contourlet and nearest feature line based feature extraction approach for one prototype sample problem

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Journal of Information Hiding and Multimedia Signal Processing 2016年第5期7卷 1052-1059页

作者： Pan, Jeng-Shyang Yan, Lijun Chu, Shu-Chuan Roddick, John F. Fujian University of International Studies and Trade Fujian Province China Fujian Provincial Key Lab of Big Data Mining and Applications Fujian University of Technology China Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology Shenzhen China School of Computer Science Engineering and Mathematics Flinders University Australia

In this paper, a novel algorithm for face recognition with one sample per person is proposed. The proposed algorithm is based on contourlet transformation. For simple prototype sample problem, many discriminant learning methods can not work. Because for most discriminant learning methods, the within class scatter of the prototype samples are very important. However, simple prototype sample problem does not have within class scatter. To enhance the representative capability of the prototype samples set, some new samples are generated using contourlet transformation. Multiple prototype samples for each class are constructed through the decomposition and reconstruction of original training images by contourlet transformation. Thus neighborhood discriminant nearest feature line analysis can be performed on the new database. The experimental results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed algorithm. © 2016, Ubiquitous International. All Rights Reserved.

关键词： Image classification

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Alternative statistical analysis of interlaboratory comparison measurement results 21

Alternative statistical analysis of interlaboratory comparis...

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21st IMEKO World Congress on Measurement in Research and Industry

作者： Berni, Rossella Carobbi, Carlo Department of Statistics Computer Science and Applications G.Parenti University of Florence Italy Department of Information Engineering University of Florence Italy

Measurement results provided by laboratories involved in interlaboratory comparisons are processed in order to obtain the reference value of the quantity under measurement and its uncertainty. Measurement results are also compared with the reference value and its uncertainty in order to assess participants performance. Standards procedures are available in order to statistically process the measured values resulting from interlaboratory comparisons, such as those described in [1]. Unfortunately these procedures do not take into account the measurement uncertainty that each participant is required to declare. Well established statistical methods, such as errors measurement models, are however available that permit to statistically process both the measured values and their uncertainty, and therefore to fully evaluate the dispersion effects involved in the interlaboratory comparison activity.

关键词： Statistical methods

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ShareEnergy: Configuring Mobile Relays to Extend Sensor Networks Lifetime Based on Residual Power

ShareEnergy: Configuring Mobile Relays to Extend Sensor Netw...

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International Symposium on Collaborative Technologies and Systems

作者： Fu-Nan Huang Tseng-Yi Chen Shuo-Han Chen Hsin-Wen Wei Tsan-sheng Hsu Wei-Kuan Shih Department of Electrical Engineering Tamkang University New Taipei City Taiwan Institute of Information Science Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan Institute of Information System and Applications National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan Department of Computer Science National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan

The lifetime of a sensor network is very important, especially in data-intensive applications, such as military monitoring, the internet of things, and audio/video surveillance, since battery capacity is always limited. Accordingly, the deployments of relay nodes and the configuration of mobile relays in sensor networks have been extensively investigated. Since mobile relays support movement, the lifetime of a sensor network can be adaptively extended in a manner that depends on its current state. This work develops a relay configuration, called ShareEnergy strategy, which tries to prolong the lifetime of sensor networks using mobile relay technology. The greatest difference between the ShareEnergy strategy and other strategies is that the ShareEnergy strategy focuses on prolonging the lifetime of sensor networks while others try to minimize the power consumption of data transmission. The ShareEnergy applies an equation that combines the lifetime and the energy parameters to calculate new locations of the mobile relay that maximally prolong the lifetime of the sensor network. Our simulation results show that the the ShareEnergy can reduce the power consumption of data transmissions in the sensor network by 17% compared to the relays without movements. Moreover, compared to other solutions, the ShareEnergy increase the lifetime of the sensor networks by 38%.

关键词： Relays Mobile computing Robot sensing systems Mobile nodes Data communication

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