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Hybrid CNN-ViT architecture to exploit spatio-temporal feature for fire recognition trained through transfer learning

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Multimedia Tools and applications 2025年第8期84卷 4703-4732页

作者： Shahid, Mohammad Wang, Hong-Cyuan Chen, Yung-Yao Hua, Kai-Lung Dept. of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei Taiwan Dept. of Electronic and Computer Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei Taiwan

Fires are becoming one of the major natural hazards that threaten the ecology, economy, human life and even more worldwide. Therefore, early fire detection systems are crucial to prevent fires from spreading out of control and causing destruction. Based on vision sensors, many fire detection techniques have evolved with the recent surge of curiosity in deep learning, which exploits the spatial features of individual images. However, fire can take different forms, scales, and combustion materials can produce different colors, making accurate fire detection from an image challenging. Small fires captured from long-distance cameras lack salient features, further complicating detection. This paper proposes a hybrid structure that uses attention-enhanced convolutional neural networks and vision transformers (CNN-ViT) to detect fire. The proposed CNN-ViT first pays spatial attention to every frame and then aggregates temporal contextual information from neighboring frames to improve detection performance. Due to the limited availability of training fire datasets, the study employs deep transfer learning for feature extraction using pre-trained CNN. We used various metrics to examine the efficacy of the proposed approach. The results showed that the CNN-ViT method outperformed previous models based on spatial-temporal characteristics by achieving a relative improvement in accuracy and F1 score. The satisfactory results on images contaminated with different intensities of noise confirm the robustness of the approach. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Fires

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Forecasting Traffic Air Pollution Increases from Urban Transportation Using Machine Learning in Metropolitan Cities-A Review 4

Forecasting Traffic Air Pollution Increases from Urban Trans...

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4th International Conference on Sentiment Analysis and Deep Learning, ICSADL 2025

作者： Bhaskar, Hari Naga Vijaya Mayil, V. Valli KL University Dept. of Computer Science and Applications India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331523923

Rapid urban growth and industrial expansion in Indian cities have led to a 30% increase in vehicles over the past 5-10 years, causing a rise in air pollution and health risks. Existing methods to predict air quality face challenges like limited data, inaccurate models, slow predictions, and changing environmental conditions. This review explores how machine learning, including deep learning and hybrid models, can improve pollution forecasting. It also highlights issues such as unreliable sensors, high computing costs, and difficulty in understanding model results. Finally, the study suggests future directions for better air quality management using AI-driven predictions and policy improvements. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Air Pollution Forecasting Environmental Impact Machine Learning Metropolitan Cities Public Health Urban Transportation

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Energy Efficient LEDCA Analysis for Improved Throughput in Wireless Sensor Networks 6

Energy Efficient LEDCA Analysis for Improved Throughput in W...

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6th International Conference on Mobile Computing and Sustainable Informatics, ICMCSI 2025

作者： Padmageetha, B.G. Naik, Pramod Kumar Patil, Mallanagouda Dept.of Computer Applications Dayananda Sagar University Bengaluru India Dept. of Computer science and Engineering Dayananda Sagar University Bengaluru India Dept. of Computer science and Engineering RVITM Bengaluru India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331522667

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) face significant challenges in terms of energy conservation, scalability, and data throughput owing to their limited node energy resources. This paper presents a low-energy data-centric algorithm (LEDCA), a novel energy-aware clustering and routing protocol designed to optimize energy efficiency and improve throughput in WSNs. Through simulations, LEDCA demonstrated a Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) of up to 90%, throughput of 255,217 bps, and average latency of 159 ms, validating its efficiency in resource-constrained environments. The algorithm integrates residual energy awareness by prioritizing high-energy nodes for Cluster Head (CH) roles, dynamically adjusting routing paths, and balancing the network load to prevent premature node failure. By applying an Energy Mapping Node and a real-time Energy Mapping Table, LEDCA minimizes re-clustering, reduces data redundancy, and ensures stable data transmission even under high-density networks. Simulation results also show LEDCA's scalability of LEDCA, with A9_T_200 achieving the highest throughput under extended transmission ranges and A3_T_200 achieving the lowest latency, making it suitable for energy-sensitive and latency-critical applications. Future enhancements, such as integrating Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) and dynamic resource allocation, could further improve LEDCA’s interference management and scalability of LEDCA for IoT and 5G/6G networks, addressing the needs of next-generation applications. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Resource allocation

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Moth flame optimization algorithm for efficient feature selection and hybrid classification technique for intrusion detection system

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Multimedia Tools and applications 2025年 1-21页

作者： Keerthanarani, U. Selvakumar, V. Singaravelan, S. Raja, S. Edwin Thenmozhi, K. Shunmugam, D. Arun Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering P.S.R Engineering College Sivakasi India Dept.Of Computer Science and Engineering Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr Sagunthala R & d Institute of Science and Technology Chennai Avadi India Dept. Of Computer Science and Engineering Coimbatore Institute of Engineering and Technology Coimbatore India Dept. Of Electronics and Communication Engineering P.S.R Engineering College Sivakasi India

The rapid expansion of the Internet of Things (IoT) brings numerous benefits but further presents fresh difficulties, especially in terms of security. The distributed and interconnected nature of IoT devices makes them susceptible to various security threats. An Intrusion Detection System (IDS) plays a crucial role in safeguarding IoT networks by monitoring, detecting, and responding to potential security incidents. The Internet of Things (IoT) connects billions of devices, sensors, and systems, transforming industries and everyday life. However, this extensive interconnectivity also introduces significant security risks, making Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) a critical component for safeguarding IoT environments. Feature selection is a crucial aspect of building effective Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS). Selecting relevant features not only helps in achieving better classification accuracy but also contributes to reducing false alarm rates. In the proposed system a moth flame optimizer is utilized to select the efficient features from the dataset, overall accuracy of over 97%. Further it is classified employing Random Forest and J48 classifier which attains high classification accuracy and low false alarm rate. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Feature Selection

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Blockchain Technology: Reshaping Telemedicine and Telehealth Services for Emergency Management

Blockchain Technology: Reshaping Telemedicine and Telehealth...

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2025 International Conference on Pervasive Computational Technologies, ICPCT 2025

作者： Singh, Neelam Mittal, Varsha Rawat, Vandana Kumar, Priyansh Graphic Era Deemed to Be University Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering Uttrakhand Dehradun India Graphic Era Deemed to Be University Dept. of Computer Applications Uttrakhand Dehradun India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331508685

Both consumers and healthcare providers have benefited greatly from the quick development of software-based technology. The dominance of blockchains is impending as the medical care sector moves quickly towards digitization and customization. The development of blockchain provided answers to several problems that had long plagued the healthcare sector. However, not only in healthcare due to its capabilities, blockchain technology has found great success in a variety of industrial fields. The important factors propelling the growth of the healthcare blockchain market are the rise in data breaches, privacy concerns, fake pharmaceuticals, and provided answers to numerous problems that had long plagued the healthcare sector. Although telemedicine had been developing for a while, the covid-19 epidemic gave it the necessary kick. In order to facilitate social isolation, the pandemic made it necessary to expand virtual healthcare and distant therapy. Over the past year, the telemedicine market has experienced rapid expansion. In the current study, the adaptation issues and prospective prospects for blockchain technology in the telehealth and telemedicine sectors are *** on a systematic review, we have determined the existing state of the use of blockchain technology in a number of healthcare-related areas, the ideal state that would be achieved, the research gap regarding the usage of blockchain technology in a number of healthcare-related application areas, as well as a number of potential research agendas for future studies. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Telemedicine

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J-NECORA: A Framework for Optimal Resource Allocation in Cloud-Edge-Things Continuum for Industrial applications With Mobile Nodes

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IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025年第11期12卷 16525-16542页

作者： Pettorali, Marco Righetti, Francesca Vallati, Carlo Das, Sajal K. Anastasi, Giuseppe Univ. of Pisa Dept. of Information Engineering Italy Missouri Univ. of Science and Technology Dept. of Computer Science RollaMO United States

In the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) landscape, where the Cloud-to-Things Continuum (C2TC) paradigm is now a reality, industrial applications need to cope with highly heterogeneous network and computing resources. Moreover, many industrial applications also involve Mobile Nodes (MNs). Efficient allocation of network and computing resources to meet the stringent requirements of such applications is often a very challenging task. In this paper, we propose J-NECORA (Joint NEtwork and COmputing Resource Allocation), a comprehensive analytical framework to derive the optimal joint allocation of network and computing resources in the C2TC, that guarantees the application requirements, even in the presence of MNs. If the optimal allocation does not exist, J-NECORA provides a best-effort allocation that minimizes the delay. The proposed framework is highly modular and flexible, and can be easily customized to different scenarios. We validated its effectiveness through simulation experiments, focusing on a specific use case. For the considered scenarios, the performance predicted by our framework matches quite closely the simulation results. © 2014 IEEE.

关键词： Cloud platforms

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A Serendipity Recommendation Method for Book Categories Using BERT to Strengthen the Web Service of the Book

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Journal of Web engineering 2025年第2期24卷 199-216页

作者： Kim, Youngmo Kim, Seok-Yoon Park, Byeongchan Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering Soongsil University South Korea

In the field of book search, research on a web service-based user-customized book recommendation system is being conducted to respond to increasingly diverse user requirements. The collaborative filtering algorithm, which is mainly used for book recommendation, has a problem in that it is difficult to reflect the user’s recent interest without considering the changes in preference over time, and the user’s satisfaction decreases because it repeatedly recommends only similar items. In this paper, we propose a book recommendation method using category similarity based on deep learning. The proposed method is to predict books to be used next time by inputting users’ past and current book usage history through BERT, a natural language processing model, and to recommend popular books in other categories with high similarity to the predicted book category in the BERT model to reflect serendipity. This method reflects serendipity, which can lead to users’ recent interests and practical preferences, so that recommendation accuracy and user satisfaction can be satisfied at the same time. © 2025 River Publishers.

关键词： BERT book category recommendation serendipity Web service

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SINR-Delay Constrained Node Localization in RIS-Assisted Time-Varying IoT Networks Using ML Frameworks

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IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management 2025年第2期22卷 1544-1557页

作者： Bhardwaj, Vikash Kumar Mundada, Gagan Sahoo, Omm Prakash Shukla, Mahendra K. Pandey, Om Jee Varanasi Dept. of Electronics Engineering 221005 India University of California San Diego Computer Science and Engineering Dept United States Varanasi Dept. of Electrical Engineering 221005 India ABV-IIITM Gwalior Dept. of Information Technology India

Node localization in time-varying Internet of Things (IoT) networks is an essential problem due to increased delay and poor Signal-to-Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR) at the Base Station (BS). To improve the received signal strength at the BS, Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS) has recently been used between transmitter and receiver. Additionally, novel phase prediction methods and optimal weight assignment frameworks have been proposed over RIS and BSs, respectively. Nevertheless, these methods suffer from poor performance due to their heuristic approach, resulting in more time consumption and poor SINR. Motivated by the aforementioned challenges, we propose a novel node localization method over a RIS-assisted time-varying IoT network using Machine Learning (ML) frameworks in this work. Firstly, the method computes the optimal phase configuration over the RIS corresponding to each element using coeff2phaseNN, which has been trained on channel coefficients among the transmitter, receiver, and RIS. Subsequently, the weight of the individual antenna element at the BS is optimized using the proposed VectorSync model. The results confirm that the coeff2phaseNN method demonstrates a reduction of 89.79% in total MSE loss compared to the Artificial Neural Network-RIS (ANN-RIS) method. Additionally, it demonstrates a 71.04% reduction in the absolute RIS phase prediction deviation from the optimal phase compared to the ANN-RIS method. Moreover, the proposed VectorSync method attains a 79.28% and 92.29% reduction in time required for optimal weight assignment compared to the Bartlett and Capon methods, respectively. Finally, the Localization Error(LR) using the proposed method is compared to conventional methods in a time-varying experimental scenario and found to be the minimum, i.e., 6.156%. © 2004-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Signal to noise ratio

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An Integrated Framework with Enhanced Primitives for Post-Quantum Cryptography: HEDT and ECSIDH for Cloud Data Security and Key Exchange

Informatica (Slovenia)

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Informatica (Slovenia) 2025年第11期49卷 165-176页

作者： Ilias, Shaik Mohammad Sharmila, V. Ceronmani Durga, V. Sathya Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science Chennai India Department of Information Technology Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science Chennai India Department of Computer Science&Engineering Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science Chennai India

If adversaries were to obtain quantum computers in the future, their massive computing power would likely break existing security schemes. Since security is a continuous process, more substantial security schemes must be developed. Current PQC schemes primarily focus on data security or key exchange, and further improvement towards enhanced PQC primitives is required. Our proposal in this research is an innovative paradigm for PQC-focused cloud data security. The proposed HEDT approach achieves encryption and decryption with significantly lower latency (20% improvement) and higher reliability than AES, DES, and RSA, as demonstrated through experimental results. Furthermore, ECSIDH, a hybrid key exchange mechanism combining SIDH and ECDH, improves security strength by 50% while maintaining computational costs within 1.13x of SIDH. Compared to individual key exchange schemes like SIDH, ECSIDH offers superior security as a PQC candidate. These results confirm the robustness and efficiency of the proposed framework in ensuring secure data outsourcing and key exchange in cloud environments. © 2025 Slovene Society Informatika. All rights reserved.

关键词： Quantum computers

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Quantum Network Routing with Heterogeneous Nodes 17

Quantum Network Routing with Heterogeneous Nodes

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17th International Conference on COMmunication Systems and NETworkS, COMSNETS 2025

作者： Pandey, Anoop Kumar Tamma, Bheemarjuna Reddy Rao, M.V. Panduranga IIT Hyderabad Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331531195

Deciding a route for the transfer of quantum information (namely, qubits) on a quantum network is a significant problem that is being studied extensively. In this work, we investigate the problem of routing on a quantum network of heterogeneous nodes both with and without fidelity and timing *** propose a Path Request Packet (PRP) based routing scheme for dynamically selecting a path that maximizes the overall probability of transmission success while maintaining fidelity above a threshold and adhering to time constraints. While the proposed scheme can perform suboptimally under fidelity and timing constraints, we discuss a straightforward proof of optimality in the absence of these constraints. Simulations on random graphs demonstrate that the PRP-based scheme performs better, both in terms of reliability and fidelity, than a non-trivial baseline routing algorithm. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Quantum electronics

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