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4th ISPRS Geospatial Week 2019

作者： Assali, M. Pipelidis, G. Podolskiy, V. Iwaszczuk, D. Heinen, L. Gerndt, M. Dept. of Computer Architecture and Parallel Systems Dept. of Informatics Technical University of Munich Munich Germany Software and Systems Engineering Research Group Dept. of Informatics Technical University of Munich Munich Germany Remote Sensing and Image Analysis Group Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering Science Technische Universität Darmstadt Germany BMW Group IT Munich Germany

Indoor maps are required for multiple applications, such as, navigation, building maintenance and robotics. One of common methods for map generation is laser scanning. In such maps, not only geometry of the map is of interest, but also its quality. This study aims at developing methods for real-time generation of indoor maps using features extracted from pointclouds obtained by a robot with their simultaneous quality assessment. We investigate, how this quality can be quantified for feature-based maps. First, we introduce a method for modeling 2D maps into 3D models that enable their usage for localization. Second, we review and evaluate a number of algorithms that can enable us to address features in a map. Hence, we enable the generation of objects from a pointcloud that has been sensed. Finally, we study several aspects of the map quality and we formalize them into metrics that can be applied to quantify their quality. © Authors 2019.

关键词： Robots

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Evaluation of Autoscaling Metrics for (stateful) IoT Gateways

Evaluation of Autoscaling Metrics for (stateful) IoT Gateway...

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IEEE International Conference on Service-Oriented Computing and Applications (SOCA)

作者： Helge Dickel Vladimir Podolskiy Michael Gerndt Chair of Computer Architecture and Parallel Systems Technical University of Munich Garching Germany Industrie 4.0 & Digital Supply Chain Innovation SAP SE Hallbergmoos Germany

Wide adoption of Internet of Things solutions in the industry requires IoT platforms to support long-running, stateful protocols with numerous connections to ingest the measurements, and at the same time to provide the highest throughput possible to achieve service level objectives (SLOs). The challenge of providing sufficient throughput can be solved via automated horizontal scalability for IoT platforms' gateways. Firstly, to address this challenge, a study of the state-of-the-art solutions and approaches adopted in the industry to ensure predictable throughput at IoT gateways was conducted. Secondly, the following three gateways autoscaling metrics were studied on the in-house developed cloud-native IoT Platform: CPU utilization, the number of concurrent active connections, and the absolute throughput per gateway. The results of the experimental evaluation suggest the combination of rate limiting and active connection monitoring as a prerequisite for high throughput at IoT gateways.

关键词： Logic gates Protocols Quality of service Measurement Throughput Cloud computing Sensors

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SEMI-LAGRANGIAN EXPONENTIAL INTEGRATION WITH APPLICATION TO THE ROTATING SHALLOW WATER EQUATIONS ∗

arXiv

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Peixoto, Pedro S. Schreiber, Martin Instituto de Matemática e Estatística Universidade de São Paulo Brazil Chair of Computer Architecture and Parallel Systems Technical University of Munich Germany

In this paper we propose a novel way to integrate time-evolving partial differential equations that contain nonlinear advection and stiff linear operators, combining exponential integration techniques and semi-Lagrangian methods. The general formulation is built from the solution of an integration factor problem with respect to the problem written with a material derivative, so that the exponential integration scheme naturally incorporates the nonlinear advection. Semi-Lagrangian techniques are used to treat the dependence of the exponential integrator on the flow trajectories. The formulation is general, as many exponential integration techniques could be combined with different semi-Lagrangian methods. This formulation allows an accurate solution of the linear stiff operator, a property inherited by the exponential integration technique. It also provides a sufficiently accurate representation of the nonlinear advection, even with large time-step sizes, a property inherited by the semi-Lagrangian method. Aiming for application in weather and climate modeling, we discuss possible combinations of well established exponential integration techniques and state-of-the-art semi-Lagrangian methods used operationally in the application. We show experiments for the planar rotating shallow water equations. When compared to traditional exponential integration techniques, the experiments reveal that the coupling with semi-Lagrangian allows stabler integration with larger time-step sizes. From the application perspective, which already uses semi-Lagrangian methods, the exponential treatment could improve the solution of wave-dispersion when compared to semi-implicit schemes. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Advection

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Energy efficiency of heterogeneous multicore system based on the enhanced Amdahl's law

Energy efficiency of heterogeneous multicore system based on...

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作者： Pei, Songwen Zhang, Junge Xiong, Naixue Kim, Myoung-Seo Gaudiot, Jean-Luc Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical Systems University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai200093 China Parallel Systems and Computer Architecture Lab University of California IrvineCA92697 United States

Energy efficiency is one of the biggest challenges of designing future heterogeneous multicore system, beyond performance, hereby, we propose an energy efficiency analytical model for heterogeneous multicore system based on the enhanced Amdahl's law. The model extends the traditional computing-centric model by considering the overhead of data preparation which potentially includes the overhead of communication, data transfer, synchronisation, etc. The analysis clearly shows that decreasing the overhead of data preparation is a promising approach to reach higher performance of computation and greater energy efficiency. Therefore, more informed trade-offs should be taken when we design a modern heterogeneous processor system within limited budget of energy. © 2018 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

关键词： Energy efficiency

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parallel-in-Time Multi-Level Integration of the Shallow-Water Equations on the Rotating Sphere

arXiv

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Hamon, François P. Schreiber, Martin Minion, Michael L. Center for Computational Sciences and Engineering Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley United States Chair of Computer Architecture and Parallel Systems Technical University of Munich Germany Department of Applied Mathematics Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley United States

The modeling of atmospheric processes in the context of weather and climate simulations is an important and computationally expensive challenge. The temporal integration of the underlying PDEs requires a very large number of time steps, even when the terms accounting for the propagation of fast atmospheric waves are treated implicitly. Therefore, the use of parallel-in-time integration schemes to reduce the time-to-solution is of increasing interest, particularly in the numerical weather forecasting field. We present a multi-level parallel-in-time integration method combining the parallel Full Approximation Scheme in Space and Time (PFASST) with a spatial discretization based on Spherical Harmonics (SH). The iterative algorithm computes multiple time steps concurrently by interweaving parallel high-order fine corrections and serial corrections performed on a coarsened problem. To do that, we design a methodology relying on the spectral basis of the SH to coarsen and interpolate the problem in space. The methods are evaluated on the shallow-water equations on the sphere using a set of tests commonly used in the atmospheric flow community. We assess the convergence of PFASST-SH upon refinement in time. We also investigate the impact of the coarsening strategy on the accuracy of the scheme, and specifically on its ability to capture the high-frequency modes accumulating in the solution. Finally, we study the computational cost of PFASST-SH to demonstrate that our scheme resolves the main features of the solution multiple times faster than the serial schemes. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Harmonic analysis

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IaaS Reactive Autoscaling Performance Challenges

IaaS Reactive Autoscaling Performance Challenges

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IEEE International Conference on Cloud Computing, CLOUD

作者： Vladimir Podolskiy Anshul Jindal Michael Gerndt Chair for Computer Architecture and Parallel Systems Technical University of Munich Garching (near Munich) Germany

The main feature of a cloud application is its scalability. Major IaaS cloud services providers (CSP) employ autoscaling on the level of virtual machines (VM). Other virtualization solutions (e.g. containers, pods) can also scale. An application scales in response to change in observed metrics, e.g. in CPU utilization. Occasionally, cloud applications exhibit the inability to meet the Quality of Service (QoS) requirements during the scaling caused by the reactivity of autoscaling solutions. This paper provides the results of the autoscaling performance evaluation for two-layered virtualization (VMs and Kubernetes pods) conducted in the public clouds of AWS, Microsoft and Google using the approach and the Autoscaling Performance Measurement Tool developed by the authors.

关键词： Cloud computing Quality of service Measurement Virtualization Google Tools Scalability

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Multi-level spectral deferred corrections scheme for the shallow water equations on the rotating sphere

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2018年

作者： Hamona, François P. Schreiberb, Martin Miniond, Michael L. Center for Computational Sciences and Engineering Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley United States Department of Mathematics/Computer Science University of Exeter Exeter United Kingdom Computer Architecture and Parallel Systems Technical University of Munich Germany Department of Applied Mathematics Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley United States

Effcient time integration schemes are necessary to capture the complex processes involved in atmospheric ows over long periods of time. In this work, we propose a high-order, implicit-explicit numerical scheme that combines Multi-Level Spectral Deferred Corrections (MLSDC) and the Spherical Harmonics (SH) transform to solve the wave-propagation problems arising from the shallow-water equations on the rotating *** iterative temporal integration is based on a sequence of corrections distributed on coupled spacetime levels to perform a significant portion of the calculations on a coarse representation of the problem and hence to reduce the time-to-solution while preserving accuracy. In our scheme, referred to as MLSDCSH, the spatial discretization plays a key role in the efficiency of MLSDC, since the SH basis allows for consistent transfer functions between space-time levels that preserve important physical properties of the *** study the performance of the MLSDC-SH scheme with shallow-water test cases commonly used in numerical atmospheric modeling. We use this suite of test cases, which gradually adds more complexity to the nonlinear system of governing partial differential equations, to perform a detailed analysis of the accuracy of MLSDC-SH upon renement in time. We illustrate the stability properties of MLSDC-SH and show that the proposed scheme achieves up to eighth-order convergence in time. Finally, we study the conditions in which MLSDC-SH achieves its theoretical speedup, and we show that it can significantlyreduce the computational cost compared to single-level Spectral Deferred Corrections (SDC). Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Harmonic analysis

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Assessing Trustworthy AI in Times of COVID-19: Deep Learning for Predicting a Multiregional Score Conveying the Degree of Lung Compromise in COVID-19 Patients

IEEE Transactions on Technology and Society

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IEEE Transactions on Technology and Society 2022年第4期3卷 272-289页

作者： Allahabadi, Himanshi Amann, Julia Balot, Isabelle Beretta, Andrea Binkley, Charles Bozenhard, Jonas Bruneault, Frederick Brusseau, James Candemir, Sema Cappellini, Luca Alessandro Chakraborty, Subrata Cherciu, Nicoleta Cociancig, Christina Coffee, Megan Ek, Irene Espinosa-Leal, Leonardo Farina, Davide Fieux-Castagnet, Genevieve Frauenfelder, Thomas Gallucci, Alessio Giuliani, Guya Golda, Adam Van Halem, Irmhild Hildt, Elisabeth Holm, Sune Kararigas, Georgios Krier, Sebastien A. Kuhne, Ulrich Lizzi, Francesca Madai, Vince I. Markus, Aniek F. Masis, Serg Mathez, Emilie Wiinblad Mureddu, Francesco Neri, Emanuele Osika, Walter Ozols, Matiss Panigutti, Cecilia Parent, Brendan Pratesi, Francesca Moreno-Sanchez, Pedro A. Sartor, Giovanni Savardi, Mattia Signoroni, Alberto Sormunen, Hanna-Maria Spezzatti, Andy Srivastava, Adarsh Stephansen, Annette F. Theng, Lau Bee Tithi, Jesmin Jahan Tuominen, Jarno Umbrello, Steven Vaccher, Filippo Vetter, Dennis Westerlund, Magnus Wurth, Renee Zicari, Roberto V. Ey Netherlands Enterprise Intelligence Department Amsterdam1083 HP Netherlands Eth Zurich Health Ethics and Policy Lab Department of Health Sciences and Technology Zürich8092 Switzerland Center for Diplomatic and Strategic Studies Postgraduate Studies in Diplomacy and International Relations Paris75015 France Pisa56124 Italy Hackensack Meridian Health Bioethics Center EdisonNJ08820 United States University of Oxford Faculty of Philosophy OxfordOX2 6GG United Kingdom Collège André- Laurendeau Philosophie Department MontrealQCH8N 2J4 Canada Université du Québec À Montréal École des Médias MontrealQCH2L 2C4 Canada Pace University Philosophy Department New YorkNY10038 United States The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Department of Radiology ColumbusOH43210 United States Humanitas Research Hospital Department of Radiology Milan20089 Italy Humanitas University Department of Biomedical Sciences Milan20089 Italy University of New England Faculty of Science Agriculture Business and Law ArmidaleNSW2351 Australia University of Technology Sydney Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology SydneyNSW2007 Australia Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna European Centre of Excellence on the Regulation of Robotics and Ai Pisa56127 Italy University of Bremen Group of Computer Architecture Bremen28359 Germany New York University Grossman School of Medicine Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology Department of Medicine New YorkNY10016 United States Digital Institute Ai Research Section Stockholm16731 Sweden Arcada University of Applied Sciences Department of Business Management and Analytics Helsinki00550 Finland University of Brescia Radiological Sciences and Public Health Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties Brescia25121 Italy Sncf Reseau Sa Ethique Groupe La Plaine93418 France Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology University Hospital Zurich Zürich8091 Switzerland Eindhoven University of Tech

This article's main contributions are twofold: 1) to demonstrate how to apply the general European Union's High-Level Expert Group's (EU HLEG) guidelines for trustworthy AI in practice for the domain of healthcare and 2) to investigate the research question of what does 'trustworthy AI' mean at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic. To this end, we present the results of a post-hoc self-assessment to evaluate the trustworthiness of an AI system for predicting a multiregional score conveying the degree of lung compromise in COVID-19 patients, developed and verified by an interdisciplinary team with members from academia, public hospitals, and industry in time of pandemic. The AI system aims to help radiologists to estimate and communicate the severity of damage in a patient's lung from Chest X-rays. It has been experimentally deployed in the radiology department of the ASST Spedali Civili clinic in Brescia, Italy, since December 2020 during pandemic time. The methodology we have applied for our post-hoc assessment, called Z-Inspection®, uses sociotechnical scenarios to identify ethical, technical, and domain-specific issues in the use of the AI system in the context of the pandemic. © 2020 IEEE.

关键词： COVID-19

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Codelet Scheduling by Genetic Algorithm

Codelet Scheduling by Genetic Algorithm

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IEEE International Conference on Trust, Security and Privacy in Computing and Communications (TrustCom)

作者： Songwen Pei Jinkai Wang Wenyang Cui Linhua Jiang Tongsheng Geng Jean-Luc Gaudiot Stéphane Zuckerman Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical Systems University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai China Parallel Systems and Computer Architecture Lab University of California Irvine CA USA Computer Architecture & Parallel Systems Laboratory University of Delaware Newark DE

ISBN: (纸本)9781509032068

Codelet model is a fine-grained, event-driven hybrid parallel model inspired by dataflow, whose performance depends on the scheduling policy. How to design optimal codelet scheduling policy based on the features of tasks is important to the codelet-based system performance. In this paper, we propose an adaptive codelet scheduling policy by combing "pure" genetic algorithm for tasks with complex dependencies. It is verified that the policy is effective based on bunches of experimental results.

关键词： Computational modeling Schedules Genetic algorithms Scheduling Runtime Optimal scheduling Sociology

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Asynchronous Runtimes in Action: An Introspective Framework for a Next Gen Runtime

Asynchronous Runtimes in Action: An Introspective Framework ...

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IEEE International Symposium on parallel and Distributed Processing Workshops and Phd Forum (IPDPSW)

作者： Joshua Suetterlein Joshua Landwehr Andrés Márquez Joseph B. Manzano Guang R. Gao The Computer Architecture and Parallel Systems Laboratory University of Delaware Newark Delaware Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland Washington

ISBN: (纸本)9781509036837

One of the most critical challenges that new highperformance systems face is the lack of system software supportfor these large scale systems. Investment on system stack componentsis essential in the development, debugging and optimizationof the new emerging programming models. These emergingmodels have the promise to better utilize the vast hardwareresources available in current and future systems. To aid in thedevelopment of applications and new system stacks, runtimes, asinstances of their respective execution models, need to producefacilities to introspect their inner workings and allow an indepthattribution of performance bottlenecks and computationalpatterns. In other words, the runtime systems need to reducetheir opacity to observers so that users of a novel programexecution model can adapt their designs to fit the intended modelusage, regardless of the layer that they are working on. Thisdesign/development loop (akin to co-design) enables synergisticopportunities across the entire computational stack. This paper presents the design and implementation of a simple"gray" box performance attribution harness running inside a finegrain runtime system: the Open Community Runtime (OCR). We showcase what such a framework can indicate regarding theruntime behavior while running at scale. To this end, we havedesigned a set of synthetic scenarios aimed to test the runtime attheir best and worst cases. We present an analysis of the mostimportant runtime features, properties and idiosyncrasies thatwill affect the development of new runtime features, algorithmicselection, and application development.

关键词： Runtime Optical character recognition software Instruction sets Computational modeling Adaptation models Message systems Protocols

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