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On the Way of Applying Urgent Computing Solutions to Forest Fire Propagation Prediction

Procedia computer Science 2012年 9卷 1657-1666页

作者： Andrés Cencerrado Ana Cortés Tom‘as Margalef Computer Architecture and Operating Systems Department. Escola d’Enginyeria Universitat Aut‘onoma de Barcelona. 08193 Bellaterra Barcelona (Spain)

A quick response becomes crucial in natural hazard management. When an emergency occurs, hazard evolution simulators are a very helpful tool for the teams in charge of making decisions. To perform the simulations, they rely on data which usually constitutes a big set of parameters, which have been previously recorded from observations, usually coming from remote sensors, images, etc. However, this data is frequently subject to a high degree of uncertainty. This data uncertainty also produces uncertainty in simulators’ results. To overcome this drawback, in previous works we developed a two-stage prediction method, which has been demonstrated to improve noticeably the quality of the predictions. The time incurred in performing this strategy, however, may vary signiﬁcantly depending on different factors. As it is well known, the execution time of a particular simulator depends on the speciﬁc setting of the input parameters. Moreover, decision control centers in charge of making decisions to ﬁght against the ongoing disaster require a certain degree of quality in the ﬁnal prediction. Depending on how demanding are the quality and time constraints, the two-stage strategy may need the support of Urgent Computing solutions, in order to meet the requirements. In this work, we focus on forest ﬁres spread prediction, as a real application case of study, and we expose our methodology to characterize both the time needed and the expected quality of the two-stage prediction method, so that we are able to determine the amount of computational resources needed to respond effciently to an eventual emergency. This way, we emphasize the need of Urgent Computing mechanisms to be able to put into practice this method at real time.

关键词： Forest Fire Simulation Data Uncertainty Urgent Computing

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ATLS - A parallel loop scheduling scheme for dynamic environments

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Procedia computer Science 2010年第1期1卷 583-591页

作者： Gonzalo Vera Remo Suppi Computer Architecture and Operating Systems Department (CAOS) Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Campus UAB Edifici Q 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona) Spain

We here present ATLS, a self scheduling scheme designed for execution of parallel loops in dynamic environments of non-dedicated networked computers. Since grid and volunteer systems based on desktop computers are proving themselves as real and powerful alternatives for parallel computing, new scheduling schemes, better suited for these environments, are required. Our proposal, by tracking several performance change ratios at runtime, is able to properly adjust the load distribution using no prior information of the loop features nor the involved processors. The results obtained during the experiments performed to validate ATLS show that it is possible to improve former contributions of well-known parallel loop scheduling schemes in dynamic environments. The implementation of the scheduler has been done for the R language but, as it is exposed, it can easily be adapted to any other language and parallel loop based application.

关键词： Parallel loops Self scheduling Desktop computing Dynamic loop scheduling

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Genetic Algorithm Characterization for the Quality Assessment of Forest Fire Spread Prediction

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Procedia computer Science 2012年 9卷 312-320页

作者： Andrés Cencerrado Ana Cortés Tomàs Margalef Computer Architecture and Operating Systems Department. Escola d’Enginyeria Universitat Aut‘onoma de Barcelona. 08193 Bellaterra Barcelona (Spain)

When an emergency occurs, hazard evolution simulators are a very helpful tool for the teams in charge of making decisions. These simulators need certain input data, which defines the characteristics of the environment where the emergency is taking place. This kind of data usually constitutes a big set of parameters, which have been previously recorded from observations, usually coming from remote sensors, pictures, etc. However, this data is frequently subject to a high degree of uncertainty, as well as the results produced by the corresponding simulators. Hence, it is also necessary to pay attention to the simulations’ quality and reliability. In this work we expose the way we deal with such uncertainty. Our research group has previously developed a two-stage prediction methodology that introduces an adjustment stage in order to deal with the uncertainty on the simulator input parameters. This method significantly improves predictions’ quality, however, in order to be useful, a good characterization of the adjustment techniques has to be carried out so that we are able to choose the best configuration of them, given certain restrictions regarding resources availability and time deadlines. In this work, we focus on forest fires spread prediction as a real study case, for which Genetic Algorithms (GA) have been demonstrated to be a suitable adjustment strategy. We describe the methodology used to characterize the GA and we also validate it when assessing in advance the quality of the fire spread prediction.

关键词： Forest Fire Simulation Data Uncertainty Emergency Management Genetic Algorithm

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Automatic Green Land-Use Generator for Urban Areas

Automatic Green Land-Use Generator for Urban Areas

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IEEE International Conference on e-Science and Grid Computing

作者： Veronica Vidal Carlos Carrillo Ana Cortés Alba Badia Gara Villalba Computer Architecture & Operating Systems department Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Cerdanyola del Vallòs Spain

Away to improve air quality (AQ) in urban areas consists of including more green infrastructures. To evaluate their effects, air quality simulations are employed to examine the behavior of pollutants and their dispersion patterns influenced by meteorological conditions. To study either the advantages or the drawbacks of modifying the green morphology of a city, the first step is to create a set of hypothetical green land-use maps that will later be used as input for air quality simulations. In this paper, we present an automatic green land-use generator, which uses the Monte Carlo method and Moore Neighborhood to create coherent land-use maps. These maps will be later on used to run simulations that show the impact on AQ of adding more green space to our cities.

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A study of memory system performance of multimedia applications 01

A study of memory system performance of multimedia applicati...

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Proceedings of the 2001 ACM SIGMETRICS international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems

作者： Sohum Sohoni Rui Min Zhiyong Xu Yiming Hu Operating Systems and Computer Architecture Laboratory Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering and Computer Science P.O. Box 210030 University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH

ISBN: (纸本)9781581133349

Multimedia applications are fast becoming one of the dominating workloads for modern computer systems. Since these applications normally have large data sets and little data-reuse, many researchers believe that they have poor memory behavior compared to traditional programs, and that current cache architectures cannot handle them well. It is therefore important to quantitatively characterize the memory behavior of these applications in order to provide insights for future design and research of memory systems. However, very few results on this topic have been published. This paper presents a comprehensive research on the memory requirements of a group of programs that are representative of multimedia applications. These programs include a subset of the popular MediaBench suite and several large multimedia programs running on the Linux, Windows NT and Tru UNIX operating systems. We performed extensive measurement and trace-driven simulation experiments. We then compared the memory utilization of these programs to that of SPECint95 applications. We found that multimedia applications actually have better memory behavior than SPECint95 programs. The high cache hit rates of multimedia applications can be contributed to the following three factors. Most multimedia applications apply block partitioning algorithms to the input data, and work on small blocks of data that easily fit into the cache. Secondly, within these blocks, there is significant data reuse as well as spatial locality. The third reason is that a large number of references generated by multimedia applications are to their internal data structures, which are relatively small and can also easily fit into reasonably-sized caches.

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Predictive and Distributed Routing Balancing, an Application-Aware Approach

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Procedia computer Science 2013年 18卷 179-188页

作者： Carlos Núñez Castillo Diego Lugones Daniel Franco Emilio Luque Martin Collier Computer Architecture and Operating Systems Department Universitat Auto‘noma de Barcelona Bellaterra Spain School of Electronic Engineering Dublin City University Glasnevin Dublin 9 Ireland

The interconnection design in computing clusters and data centers is expected to change significantly in the near future to sustain the increasing communication demand at controlled capitalization and operational cost. In particular, a shift from typ- ical and expensive full-bisection bandwidth interconnects (which safely cover the worst communication cases) to application oriented designs (which may provide cost-efficient data movement at larger system scales) is devised in academic research and industry initiatives. Having information of communication dynamics of applications (e.g. repetitiveness, computing and communication phases, traffic pattern and bandwidth, etc.) allows for efficiently managing and provisioning of network re- sources at reduced cost. This paper presents an Application-Aware Predictive and Distributed Routing Balancing technique (PR-DRB), a new method that controls network inefficiencies based on communication patterns of applications and speculative routing, PR-DRB monitors increments in the communication latency and, then, dynamically re-distributes the network traffic over multiple paths (path expansion) to deal with load unbalances. Additionally, PR-DRB stores the number of paths used to balance the traffic (solution) and links it to the application's pattern that caused the unbalance (problem). This information allows PR-DRB to respond to similar situations in repetitive patterns, quickly converging to a stable solution. Evaluation results show latency and completion time reductions of up to 37% for experiments conducted on 64 nodes executing the NAS benchmarks and the Lammps application.

关键词： Interconnection networks High performance computing Predictive routing Hpc clusters Parallel scientific applications Application-aware routing

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Using an Agent-based Simulation for Predicting the Effects of Patients Derivation Policies in Emergency departments

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Procedia computer Science 2013年 18卷 641-650页

作者： Manel Taboada Eduardo Cabrera Francisco Epelde Ma Luisa Iglesias Emilio Luque Tomas Cerda Computer Science School University Autonoma of Barcelona(UAB) Spain Computer Architecture and Operating Systems Department (CAOS) UAB Spain Hospital of Sabadell Consorci Sanitari Parc Taulí Barcelona Spain

The increasing demand of urgent care, overcrowding of hospital emergency departments (ED) and limited economic resources are phenomena shared by health systems around the world. It is estimated that up to 50% of patients that are attended in ED have non complex conditions that could be resolved in ambulatory care services. The derivation of less complex cases from the ED to other health care devices seems an essential measure to allocate properly the demand of care service between the different care units. This paper presents the results of an experiment carried out with the objective of analyzing the effects on the ED (patients’ Length of Stay, the number of patients attended and the level of activity of ED Staff) of different derivation policies. The experiment has been done with data of the Hospital of Sabadell (a big hospital, one of the most important in Catalonia, Spain), making use of an Agent-Based model and simulation formed entirely of the rules governing the behaviour of the individual agents which populate the ED, and due to the great amount of data that should be computed, using High Performance Computing.

关键词： Healthcare operational management Agent-based modelling Individual oriented simulation Emergency department Decision support systems

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Optimization of Healthcare Emergency departments by Agent-Based Simulation

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Procedia computer Science 2011年 4卷 1880-1889页

作者： Eduardo Cabrera Manel Taboada Ma Luisa Iglesias Francisco Epelde Emilio Luque Computer Architecture and Operating Systems Department (CAOS) University Autonoma of Barcelona (UAB) Spain Tom‘as Cerd‘a Computer Science School (UAB) Spain Hospital of Sabadell Consorci Sanitari Parc Tauĺı Barcelona Spain

This paper presents an Agent-Based modeling and simulation to design a decision support system (DSS) for the operation of Healthcare Emergency departments (ED). This DSS aims to aid EDs managers in setting up strategies and management guidelines to optimize the operation of EDs. This ongoing research is being performed by the Research Group on Individual Oriented Modeling (IoM) of CAOS in the University Autonoma of Barcelona (UAB) in close collaboration with Hospital ED Staff. The simulation main objective is to optimize the performance of such complex and dynamic Healthcare ED. Optimization is performed to find the optimal ED staff configuration, which consists of doctors, triage nurses, and admission personnel, i.e. a multidimensional problem. Two different indexes, to minimize patient waiting time, and to maximize patient throughput, were proposed and tested and their results obtained appying an exhaustive search technique, yield promising results and better understanding of the problem.

关键词： Optimization healthcare operational management emergency department agent-based simulation decision support systems

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An Agent-Based Decision Support System for Hospitals Emergency departments

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Procedia computer Science 2011年 4卷 1870-1879页

作者： Manel Taboada Eduardo Cabrera Ma Luisa Iglesias Francisco Epelde Emilio Luque Tomas Cerda Computer Science School University Autonoma of Barcelona(UAB) Spain Computer Architecture and Operating Systems Department (CAOS) UAB Spain Hospital of Sabadell Consorci Sanitari Parc Taulí Barcelona Spain

Modeling and simulation have been shown to be useful tools in many areas of the Healthcare operational management, field in which there is probably no area more dynamic and complex than hospital emergency departments (ED). This paper presents the results of an ongoing project that is being carried out by the Research Group in Individual Oriented Modeling (IoM) of the University Autonoma of Barcelona (UAB) with the participation of Hospital of Sabadell ED Staff Team. Its general objective is creating a simulator that, used as decision support system (DSS), aids the heads of the ED to make the best informed decisions possible. The defined ED model is a pure Agent-Based Model, formed entirely of the rules governing the behavior of the individual agents which populate the system. Two distinct types of agents have been identified, active and passive. Active agents represent human actors, meanwhile passive agents represent services and other reactive systems. The actions of agents and the communication between them will be represented using Moore state machines extended to include probabilistic transitions. The model also includes the environment in which agents move and interact. With the aim of verifying the proposed model an initial simulation has been created using NetLogo, an agent-based simulation environment well suited for modeling complex systems.

关键词： Healthcare operational management agent-based modelling individual oriented simulation emergency department decision support systems

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Simulation Optimization for Healthcare Emergency departments

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Procedia computer Science 2012年 9卷 1464-1473页

作者： Eduardo Cabrera Manel Taboada Ma Luisa Iglesias Francisco Epelde Emilio Luque Computer Architecture and Operating Systems Department (CAOS) University Autonoma of Barcelona (UAB) Spain Tomàs Cerd‘a Computer Science School (UAB) Spain Hospital of Sabadell Consorci Sanitari Parc Taulí Barcelona Spain

This article presents an Agent-Based modeling (ABM) simulation to design a decision support system (DSS) for Healthcare Emergency department (ED). This DSS aims to aid EDs heads in setting up management guidelines to improve the operation of EDs. This ongoing research is being performed by the Research Group in Individual Oriented Modeling (IoM) at the University Autonoma of Barcelona (UAB) with close collaboration of Hospital ED Staff Team. The objective of the proposed ABM procedure is to optimize the performance of such complex and dynamic Healthcare EDs, because worldwide most of them are overcrowded, and unable to provide ad hoc care, quality and service. Exhaustive search (ES) optimization is used to find out the optimal ED staff configuration, which includes doctors, triage nurses, and admission personnel, i.e., a multidimensional problem. An index is proposed to minimize patient length of stay in the ED. The results obtained by using an alternative pipeline scheme to ES are promising and a better understanding of the problem is achieved. The impact of the pipeline scheme to reduce the computational cost of exhaustive search is outlined.

关键词： Optimization healthcare operational management emergency department agent-based simulation decision support systems computational cost

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