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International Symposium on computer architecture and High Performance Computing (SBAC-PAD)

作者： Biswabandan Panda Shankar Balachandran Computer Architecture and Systems Laboratory (CASL) Department of CSE IIT Madras India

Parallel applications are becoming mainstream and architectural techniques for multicores that target these applications are the need of the hour. Sharing of data by multiple threads and issues due to data coherence are unique to parallel applications. We propose CSHARP, a hardware framework that brings coherence and sharing awareness to any shared last level cache replacement policy. We use the degree of sharing of cache lines and the information present in coherence vectors to make replacement decisions. We apply CSHARP to a state-of-the-art cache replacement policy called TA-DRRIP to show its effectiveness. Our experiments on four core simulated system show that applying CSHARP on TA-DRRIP gives an extra 10% reduction in miss-rate at the LLC. Compared to LRU policy, CSHARP on TA-DRRIP shows a 18% miss-rate reduction and a 7% performance boost. We also show the scalability of our proposal by studying the hardware overhead and performance on a 8-core system.

关键词： Coherence Registers Indexes Hardware Benchmark testing Multicore processing Protocols

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A discussion regarding the application of the hertz contact theory on biological samples in afm nanoindentation experiments

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Micro and Nanosystems 2021年第1期13卷 42-48页

作者： Kontomaris, Stylianos Vasileios Stylianou, A. Nikita, K.S. Malamou, A. Mobile Radio Communications Laboratory School of Electrical and Computer Engineering National Technical University of Athens Athens Greece Faculty of Architecture Engineering & Built Environment Athens Metropolitan College Athens Greece Cancer Biophysics Laboratory Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of Cyprus Nicosia Cyprus Radar Systems and Remote Sensing Lab of School Electrical & Computer Engineering National Technical University of Athens Athens Greece

Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) Nanoindentation procedure regarding biological samples poses significant challenges with respect to the accuracy of the provided results. These challenges are related to the inhomogeneity of biological samples, various uncertainties in experimental methods and certain approximations regarding the theoretical analysis. The most commonly used theoretical model for data processing at the linear elastic regime regarding biological samples is the Hertz model. This paper focuses on the investigation of the resulting errors of the basic equation of the Hertz theory that depends on the ratio, indentation depth/indenter’s radius regarding the Young’s modulus calculation. Several examples in the literature that do not take into account the value of the ratio indentation depth/indenter’s radius are reported and the related errors are presented and discussed. In addition, an extended new equation is derived which takes into account the influence of the aforementioned ratio on the calculation of the Young’s modulus and can be easily used for calculations. Moreover, a rational explanation, regarding the extended differences of the Young’s modulus calculations using the same experimental results when these are processed using the Hertz model and the Oliver & Pharr analysis (which is the general model that applies for any axisymmetric indenter) is provided. In conclusion, the derived equation is further combined with equations which take into account the shape of the sample in order to provide a complete and reliable theoretical tool which can be generally applied in order to reduce the errors produced by the current methodology. © 2021 Bentham Science Publishers.

关键词： Nanoindentation

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Multi-FPGA Evaluation Platform for Disaggregated Computing

Multi-FPGA Evaluation Platform for Disaggregated Computing

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Annual IEEE Symposium on Field-Programmable Custom Computing Machines (FCCM)

作者： Dimitris Theodoropoulos Nikolaos Alachiotis Dionisios Pnevmatikatos Computer Architecture and VLSI Systems Laboratory Institute of Computer Science Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH)

We present a versatile FPGA-based evaluation platform for exploring alternative execution strategies on disaggregated environments for applications, considering different processing block types: compute cores, memory, and accelerators. Developers can interconnect different blocks types in order to create optimal configurations. A user-level software library allows quick mapping of applications on real hardware. We have implemented a fully working prototype using three ZC706 FPGA boards, and evaluated different software / hardware configurations of a matrix multiplication benchmark.

关键词： computer architecture Hardware Software Acceleration Prototypes Benchmark testing Resource management

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Game theory basis for control of long-lived lunar/planetary surface robots

Game theory basis for control of long-lived lunar/planetary ...

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作者： Huntsberger, Terry L. Sengupta, Abhijit Jet Propulsion Laboratory 4800 Oak Grove Drive Pasadena CA 91109 Advanced Robotic Controls Group NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory Pasadena CA Intelligent Systems Laboratory Department of Computer Science University of South Carolina SPIE ACM IEEE Computer Society INNS Advanced Concepts and Architecture Group Jet Propulsion Laboratory Pasadena CA

Current and future NASA robotic missions to planetary surfaces are tending toward longer duration and are becoming more ambitious for rough terrain access. For a higher level of autonomy in such missions, the rovers will require behavior that must also adapt to declining health and unknown environmental conditions. The MER (Mars Exploration Rovers) called Spirit and Opportunity have both passed 600 days of life on the Martian surface, with extensions to 1000 days and beyond depending on rover health. Changes in navigational planning due to degradation of the drive motors as they reach their lifetime are currently done on Earth for the Spirit rover. The upcoming 2009 MSL (Mars Science laboratory) and 2013 AFL (Astrobiology Field laboratory) missions are planned to last 300-500 days, and will possibly involve traverses on the order of multiple kilometers over challenging terrain. This paper presents a unified coherent framework called SMART (System for Mobility and Access to Rough Terrain) that uses game theoretical algorithms running onboard a planetary surface rover to safeguard rover health during rough terrain access. SMART treats rover motion, task planning, and resource management as a Two Person Zero Sum Game (TPZSG), where the rover is one player opposed by the other player called "nature" representing uncertainty in sensing and prediction of the internal and external environments. We also present preliminary results of some field studies.

关键词： Mobile robots

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New Collaborative Intrusion Detection architecture Based on Multi Agent systems

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通讯和计算机（中英文版） 2016年第1期13卷 1-10页

作者： Mohssine EL AJJOURI Siham BENHADOU Hicham MEDROMI Systems Architecture Team Laboratory of Computer System and Renewable Energy University Hassan H Casablanca ENSEMCasablanca 20200 Morocco

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Performance Evaluation of Multiple TCP connections in iSCSI

Performance Evaluation of Multiple TCP connections in iSCSI

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IEEE/NASA Goddard Conference on Mass Storage systems and Technologies, (MSST)

作者： Bhargava K. Kancherla Ganesh M. Narayan K. Gopinath Computer Architecture and Systems Laboratory Department of Computer Science and Automation Indian Institute of Science Bangalore India

Storage area networks (SANs) based on fibre channel have been used extensively in the last decade while iSCSI is fast becoming a serious contender due to its reduced costs and unified infrastructure. This work examines the performance of iSCSI with multiple TCP connections. Multiple TCP connections are often used to realize higher bandwidth but there may be no fairness in how bandwidth is distributed. We propose a mechanism to share congestion information across multiple flows in "Fair-TCP" for improved performance. Our results show that Fair-TCP significantly improves the performance for I/O intensive workloads.

关键词： Throughput TCPIP Wide area networks Storage area networks Encapsulation Storage automation Bandwidth Transport protocols Optical fiber cables computer architecture

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Explaining how intelligent control has improved the way we live: A survey on the use of Fuzzy Logic Controllers in daily human life

Explaining how intelligent control has improved the way we l...

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International Conference on Multimedia Computing and systems

作者： Lasri, R. Rojas, I. Pomares, H. Sadouq, Z. Dept. of Computer Architecture and Computer Technology E.T.S. Ing. Informática and Telecomunicación Univ. of Granada Spain Information and Telecommunication Systems Laboratory Abdelmalek Essaadi University Faculty of Science Tetuan Morocco

ISBN: (纸本)9781612847306

This paper focuses on the extensive use of Fuzzy Logic Controllers (FLCS) in various human applications, showing the great contribution added to intelligent control. Overall, this survey covers a broad selection of examples that demonstrates the improvements in control processes and the important role played by Fuzzy Logic Controllers (FLCS) in various fields of human life. © 2011 IEEE.

关键词： Intelligent control

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Triple-A: A non-SSD based Autonomic All-Flash Array for high performance storage systems 14

Triple-A: A non-SSD based Autonomic All-Flash Array for high...

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19th International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating systems, ASPLOS 2014

作者： Jung, Myoungsoo Choi, Wonil Shalf, John Kandemir, Mahmut Taylan Department of EE University of Texas at Dallas Computer Architecture and Memory Systems Laboratory United States Department of CSE Pennsylvania State University Microsystems Design Laboratory United States National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781450323055

Solid State Disk (SSD) arrays are in a position to (as least partially) replace spinning disk arrays in high performance computing (HPC) systems due to their better performance and lower power consumption. However, these emerging SSD arrays are facing enormous challenges, which are not observed in disk-based arrays. Specifically, we observe that the performance of SSD arrays can significantly degrade due to various array-level resource contentions. In addition, their maintenance costs exponentially increase over time, which renders them diff cult to deploy widely in HPC systems. To address these challenges, we propose Triple-A, a non-SSD based Autonomic All-Flash Array, which is a self-optimizing, from-scratch NAND f ash cluster. Triple-A can detect two different types of resource contentions and autonomically alleviate them by reshaping the physical data-layout on its f ash array network. Our experimental evaluation using both real workloads and a micro-benchmark show that Triple-A can offer a 53% higher sustained throughput and a 80% lower I/O latency than non-autonomic SSD arrays Copyright © 2014 ACM.

关键词： NAND circuits

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A reconfigurable ray-tracing Multi-Processor SoC with hardware replication-aware instruction set extension

A reconfigurable ray-tracing Multi-Processor SoC with hardwa...

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13th International Conference on Algorithms and architectures for Parallel Processing, ICA3PP 2013

作者： Nery, Alexandre S. Nedjah, Nadia França, Felipe M.G. Jozwiak, Lech Corporaal, Henk LAM - Computer Architecture and Microeletronics Laboratory Systems Engineering and Computer Science Program COPPE Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Brazil Department of Electronics Engineering and Telecommunications Faculty of Engineering State University of Rio de Janeiro Brazil Department of Electrical Engineering - Electronic Systems Eindhoven University of Technology Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)9783319038582

Application code and processor parallelization, together with instruction set customization, are the most common and effective ways to enhance the performance and efficiency of application-specific processors (ASIPs). Both the effective code parallelization and data/task parallelism exploitation, as well as effective instruction set customization, enable an ASIP to achieve a significant performance improvement using limited extra hardware resources. However, a naive parallelization or instruction set customization may not result in the required performance improvement, leading to a waste of computing and energy resources. Therefore, when performing parallelization or custom instruction selection, complex tradeoffs between processing speed, circuit area and power consumption must be closely observed. In this paper, we propose and discuss an efficient ASIP-based Multi-Processor System-on-a-Chip (MPSoC) design for ray-tracing, exploiting application parallelism and hardware replication-aware instruction set customization. Without hardware sharing among the custom instructions units, the proposed parallel ray-tracer MPSoC design with custom instructions achieves 77% speed up in comparison to a single microprocessor design with the default instruction set. However, with the replication-aware instruction set customization, the speed up increases to 81%. © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2013.

关键词： Integrated circuit design

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Is it necessary to calculate young’s modulus in afm nanoindentation experiments regarding biological samples?

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Micro and Nanosystems 2021年第1期13卷 3-8页

作者： Kontomaris, Stylianos-Vasileios Malamou, Anna Stylianou, Andreas Faculty of Architecture Engineering & Built Environment Athens Metropolitan College Athens Greece Radar Systems and Remote Sensing Lab School of Electrical & Computer Engineering National Technical University Athens Greece Cancer Biophysics Laboratory Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of Cyprus Nicosia Cyprus

Background: The determination of the mechanical properties of biological samples using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) at the nanoscale is usually performed using basic models arising from the contact mechanics theory. In particular, the Hertz model is the most frequently used theoretical tool for data processing. However, the Hertz model requires several assumptions, such as homogeneous and isotropic samples and indenters with perfectly spherical or conical shapes. As it is widely known, none of these requirements are 100 % fulfilled for the case of indentation experiments at the nanoscale. As a result, significant errors arise in the Young’s modulus calculation. At the same time, an analytical model that could account complexities of soft biomaterials, such as nonlinear behavior, anisotropy, and heterogeneity, may be far-reaching. In addition, this hypothetical model would be ‘too difficult’ to be applied in real clinical activities since it would require a very heavy workload and highly specialized personnel. Objective: In this paper, a simple solution is provided to the aforementioned dead-end. A new approach is introduced in order to provide a simple and accurate method for mechanical characterization at the nanoscale. Method: The ratio of the work done by the indenter on the sample of interest to the work done by the indenter on a reference sample is introduced as a new physical quantity that does not require homogeneous, isotropic samples or perfect indenters. Results: The proposed approach provides an accurate solution from not only a physical perspective but also a simpler solution which does not require activities such as the determination of the cantilever’s spring constant and the dimensions of the AFM tip. Conclusion: It has been observed from this opinion paper that the solution aims to provide a significant opportunity to overcome the existing limitations provided by Hertzian mechanics and apply AFM techniques in real clinical activities. © 2021 Bentham

关键词： Indentation

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