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FADE: Forecasting for anomaly detection on ECG

computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine 2025年 267卷 108780-108780页

作者： Ruiz-Barroso, Paula Castro, Francisco M. Miranda, José Constantinescu, Denisa-Andreea Atienza, David Guil, Nicolás Department of Computer Architecture University of Málaga Malaga29071 Spain Embedded Systems Laboratory at the École Polytechnique Fédérale of Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland

Background and Objective: Cardiovascular diseases, a leading cause of noncommunicable disease-related deaths, require early and accurate detection to improve patient outcomes. Taking advantage of advances in machine learning and deep learning, multiple approaches have been proposed in the literature to address the challenge of detecting ECG anomalies. Typically, these methods are based on the manual interpretation of ECG signals, which is time consuming and depends on the expertise of healthcare professionals. The objective of this work is to propose a deep learning system, FADE, designed for normal ECG forecasting and anomaly detection, which reduces the need for extensive labeled datasets and manual interpretation. Methods: We propose FADE, a deep learning system designed for normal ECG forecasting, trained in a self-supervised manner with a novel morphological inspired loss function, that can be used for anomaly detection. Unlike conventional models that learn from labeled anomalous ECG waveforms, our approach predicts the future of normal ECG signals, thus avoiding the need for extensive labeled datasets. Using a novel distance function to compare forecasted ECG signals with actual sensor data, our method effectively identifies cardiac anomalies. Additionally, this approach can be adapted to new contexts (e.g., different sensors, patients, etc.) through domain adaptation techniques. To evaluate our proposal, we performed a set of experiments using two publicly available datasets: MIT-BIH NSR and MIT-BIH Arrythmia. Results: The results demonstrate that our system achieves an average accuracy of 83.84% in anomaly detection, while correctly classifying normal ECG signals with an accuracy of 85.46%. Conclusions: Our proposed approach exhibited superior performance in the early detection of cardiac anomalies in ECG signals, surpassing previous methods that predominantly identify a limited range of anomalies. FADE effectively detects both abnormal heartbeats and arrhy

关键词： Electrocardiography

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FADE: Forecasting for Anomaly Detection on ECG

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Ruiz-Barroso, Paula Castro, Francisco M. Miranda, José Constantinescu, Denisa-Andreea Atienza, David Guil, Nicolás Department of Computer Architecture University of Málaga Malaga29071 Spain Embedded Systems Laboratory the École Polytechnique Fédérale of Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland

关键词： Electrocardiography

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Trikarenos: Design and Experimental Characterization of a Fault-Tolerant 28nm RISC-V-based SoC

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IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 2025年

作者： Rogenmoser, Michael Wiese, Philip Forlin, Bruno Endres Gurkaynak, Frank K. Rech, Paolo Menicucci, Alessandra Ottavi, Marco Benini, Luca Integrated Systems Laboratory ETH Zurich Switzerland Computer Architecture for Embedded Systems University of Twente Netherlands Department of Industrial Engineering University of Trento Italy Delft University of Technology Department of Space Engineering Netherlands University of Rome Department of Electronic Engineering Tor Vergata Italy Information Engineering at the University of Bologna Department of Electrical Electronic Italy

RISC-V-based fault-tolerant system-on-chip (SoC) designs are critical for the new generation of automotive and space SoC architectures. However, reliability assessment requires characterization under controlled radiation doses to accurately quantify the fault tolerance of the fabricated designs. This work analyzes the Trikarenos design, a SoC implemented in TSMC 28nm, for single event upset (SEU) vulnerability under atmospheric neutron and 200MeV proton radiation, comparing these results to simulation-based fault injection. All faults in error correction codes (ECC) protected memory are corrected by a scrubber, showing an estimated cross-section per bit of up to 1.09 × 10−14 cm2 bit−1. Furthermore, the triple-core lockstep (TCLS) mechanism implemented in Trikarenos is validated and is shown to correct errors affecting a cross-section up to 3.23 × 10−11 cm2, with the remaining uncorrectable vulnerability below 5.36 × 10−12 cm2. When augmenting the experimental analysis of fabricated chips with gate-level fault injection in simulation, 99.10% of injections into the SoC produced correct results, while 100% of injections in the TCLS-protected cores were handled *** 12.28%of all injected faults leading to a TCLS recovery, this indicates an approximate effective flip-flop cross-section of up to 1.28 × 10−14 cm2/FF. © 1963-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Radiation damage

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Sequential specification of time-aware stream processing applications

Sequential specification of time-aware stream processing app...

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作者： Geuns, Stefan J. Hausmans, Joost P. H. M. Bekooij, Marco J. G. Computer Architecture for Embedded Systems University of Twente Netherlands NXP Semiconductors Netherlands and Computer Architecture for Embedded Systems University of Twente Netherlands

Automatic parallelization of Nested Loop Programs (NLPs) is an attractive method to create embedded realtime stream processing applications for multi-core systems. However, the description and parallelization of applications with a time dependent functional behavior has not been considered in NLPs. In such a description, semantic information about time dependent behavior must be made available for the compiler, such that an optimized time independent implementation can be generated automatically. This article introduces language constructs with temporal semantics to NLPs. Using these language constructs, time dependent applications can be specified and a corresponding data-driven implementation can be generated for use on a multi-core system. Despite that these time-aware language constructs can be data-dependent, the application remains functionally deterministic. Pipelining is exploited to increase the throughput of an application. The media access control (MAC) protocol of an IEEE 802.11p WLAN transceiver is used to illustrate the relevance and applicability of the introduced concepts. © 2013 ACM.

关键词： Application programs

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An interactive environment for mapping computational structures to FPGAs 3

An interactive environment for mapping computational structu...

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3rd International Workshop on FPGAs for Software Programmers, FSP 2016, co-located with International Conference on Field Programmable Logic and Applications, FPL 2016

作者： Wester, Rinse De Groote, Robert Computer Architecture for Embedded Systems University of Twente Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)9783800742660

In this paper we propose a methodology to translate computational structures to hardware. Computational structures express both the computation and the ordering of computations. These structures are expressed using dataflow graphs from which hardware can be generated more directly compared to imperative approaches. As a proof of concept, SDFkit is developed. SDFkit is a cycle accurate simulation and development environment for these computational structures. Additionally, SDFkit has a code generation backend to generate FPGA code. © VDE VERLAG GMBH · Berlin · Offenbach

关键词： Field programmable gate arrays (FPGA)

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Integer Linear Programming Based Design of Deadlock-Free Routing for Chiplet-Based systems 37

Integer Linear Programming Based Design of Deadlock-Free Rou...

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37th IEEE International System-on-Chip Conference, SOCC 2024

作者： Liu, Shuang Radetzki, Martin University of Stuttgart Embedded Systems Institute of Computer Architecture and Computer Engineering Stuttgart Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9798350377569

Chiplet-based systems have become prominent in large systems-on-Chips (SoCs) as a means to mitigate increasing design costs. However, the integration of multiple chiplets introduces new challenges in the interconnection network, potentially leading to deadlocks. In this paper, we propose an Integer Linear Programming (ILP) based design approach to address this issue. Our method considers various design factors for deadlock-free routing, such as topology, latency, load balancing, path diversity, and fault tolerance, applicable to both general-purpose chiplets and application-specific chiplets. It facilitates the determination of optimal turn restrictions for general-purpose chiplets or constructs optimal deadlock-free routing paths for application-specific chiplets if the communication patterns are known. The results demonstrate the capability of the method to find optimal solutions under various design considerations. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Integer linear programming

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Data centric wireless sensor networks

Data centric wireless sensor networks

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2005 NSTI Nanotechnology Conference and Trade Show - NSTI Nanotech 2005

作者： Dulman, S. Havinga, P. Computer Architecture Design and Test for Embedded Systems Department University of Twente Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)0976798522

While having the simple task of gathering the most basic information, wireless sensor networks can pose very complex design challenges because of the limited quantity of resources available. The (often too complex) protocols needed to assure the quality and the amount of needed data are usually hard to implement in the target hardware. The aim of this paper is to present a new architecture more suited for the wireless sensor networks than what is already available. The new architecture is designed to suit the dynamic environments in which these systems will be deployed.

关键词： Networks (circuits)

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A Petri net table model applied to classic and agile project management

A Petri net table model applied to classic and agile project...

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2019 International Workshop on Petri Nets and Software Engineering, PNSE 2019

作者： Weichenhain, Maxi Fengler, Wolfgang Computer Architecture and Embedded Systems Group Technische Universität Ilmenau Germany

The world of project management (PM) is diverse and extensive, as is the resulting tool selection on the market. Despite the wide variety of tools available, many PM activities are carried out using self-developed spreadsheets that have been tailored to meet the needs of the project. The authors have evaluated experiences from several completed projects and recognizes the need for a systematic model based on a formalised and tool-independent table structure. The goal of this work is to use a powerful Petri net (PN) model for mapping and simulation, taking advantage of the model's benefits. Thus, an effective and flexible methodology for PM can be realised. In order to use the concept of PN for this purpose, appropriated extensions and necessary interpretations from the area of high-level timed Petri nets must be used. Moreover, PM has to be brought to the same description level as PN. The concept of this proposed method is to enter all data, initial plan inputs and intermediate status updates into a defined table structure. A PN is then automatically generated in the background or updated to reflect the current status of the project. Simulations should be performed on the PN models, and their results should be put back into the table. The advantages of the PN concept can thus be fully exploited and become useful for a project manager, even if he or she does not have any PN knowledge. This article presents an overview of the proposed formalised methodology, its suitability to PM, and its benefits. The method itself can be applied to a wide range of projects. Focus is placed on how to transfer certain areas of PM into the introduced PN constructs and interfaces. Examples are used to illustrate how to transform PM activities and their related information into the selected PNs. © 2019 CEUR Workshop Proceedings. All rights reserved.

关键词： Petri nets

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High level structural description of streaming applications

High level structural description of streaming applications

引用

22nd International Conference on Field Programmable Logic and Applications, FPL 2012

作者： Niedermeier, Anja Kuper, Jan Smit, Gerard J.M. Faculty of Electrical Engineering Mathematics and Computer Science Computer Architecture Embedded Systems University of Twente Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)9781467322560

Motivated by the need to describe the structure of streaming applications on a high level of abstraction, we designed a compiler prototype based on the functional programming language Haskell, which by itself already has a notion of structure. We showed how the proposed language was implemented and also how it can be used to describe the structure of a streaming application and how this description can be used to map the application to a hardware architecture. © 2012 IEEE.

关键词： High level languages

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3D INS/UWB based real time sensor fusion indoor position tracking architecture 13

3D INS/UWB based real time sensor fusion indoor position tra...

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13th IEEE Annual Information Technology, Electronics and Mobile Communication Conference, IEMCON 2022

作者： Kirchhoff, Michael Debo, Saad Nau, Johannes Group for Computer Architecture and Embedded Systems Technische Universität Ilmenau Ilmenau Germany

ISBN: (数字)9781665463164

ISBN: (纸本)9781665463164

Accurate indoor position tracking and analysis of the movement dynamics of autonomous driving systems are important challenges when it comes to automatize industrial processing, supply chains or warehouses. In this paper, the authors present an indoor position tracking architecture with a novel sensor fusion approach for autonomous robots in three-dimensional space. For robots to be able to drive autonomous, they need information of their position, speed and orientation in 3D-space. With the presented architecture, position information is provided by the Indoor Positioning System (IPS) and orientation information as well as velocity are determined by the Inertial Navigation System (INS). The proposed tracking architecture combines those informations with a sensor fusion approach, thus enabling the autonomous driving system. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Real time systems

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