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2011 International Conference on Reconfigurable Computing and FPGAs, ReConFig 2011

作者： Pacholik, A. Müller, M. Fengler, W. Machleidt, T. Franke, K.-H. Computer Architecture and Embedded Systems Group Ilmenau University of Technology 98684 Ilmenau Germany Computer Graphics Group Ilmenau University of Technology 98684 Ilmenau Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9780769545516

High performance image processing applications area challenging field when targeting embedded processing. Field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) receive a growing interest as implementation platforms, but these solutions have to compete with the state of the art in image processing, which is codefined by graphics processing units (GPU). This paper provides a case study which analyzes the potential of embedded or hybrid implementation on FPGA and GPU for image stack processing in a white light interferometry (WLI) application. © 2011 IEEE.

关键词： Graphics processing unit

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Designing a control application by using a specialized multi-core soft microprocessor

Designing a control application by using a specialized multi...

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12th IFAC Conference on Programmable Devices and embedded systems, PDeS 2013

作者： Däne, Bernd Pacholik, Alexander Zschäck, Stephan Fengler, Wolfgang Ament, Christoph Braune, Tobias Computer Architecture and Embedded Systems Group Ilmenau University of Technology 98684 Ilmenau Germany Systems Analysis Group Ilmenau University of Technology 98684 Ilmenau Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783902823533

Computationally intensive algorithms for closed loop control and similar systems today can be implemented using reconfigurable FPGA devices. One approach is using soft microprocessor designs and implementing the algorithms as programs. This paper reports about a case study within an ongoing project that investigates a multi-core soft microprocessor solution for a closed-loop control application. Requirements within the project lead to a specialized processor design. Some results from experimental work are presented, demonstrating feasibility and efficiency of the approach. © IFAC.

关键词： Signal processing

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Mixed continuous/discrete time modelling with exact time adjustments

Mixed continuous/discrete time modelling with exact time adj...

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International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference, IWCMC

作者： Kenneth C. Rovers Jan Kuper Marcel D. van de Burgwal André B.J. Kokkeler Gerard J.M. Smit Computer Architecture for Embedded Systems group Computer Architecture for Embedded Systems group University of Twente Enschede Netherlands

Many systems interact with their physical environment. Design of such systems need a modelling and simulation tool which can deal with both the continuous and discrete aspects. However, most current tools are not adequately able to do so, as they implement both continuous and discrete time signals as consisting of separate values at a single global simulation clock. The consequence is that simulation, of a time delay for example, either yields inaccurate results or becomes inefficient.

关键词： Arrays Delay Delay effects Receivers Mathematical model Approximation methods Array signal processing

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Adaptive resource allocation for streaming applications

Adaptive resource allocation for streaming applications

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2011 11th International Conference on embedded computer systems: architectures, Modeling and Simulation, IC-SAMOS 2011

作者： Ter Braak, Timon D. Toersche, Hermen A. Kokkeler, André B.J. Smit, Gerard J.M. Computer Architecture for Embedded Systems Group Department of Electrical Engineering Mathematics and Computer Science University of Twente P.O. Box 217 7500 AE Enschede Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)9781457708008

Streaming applications often have latency and throughput requirements due to timing critical signal processing, or the time critical interaction with their environment. Mapping such applications to a multi-core architecture is commonly done at design-time to be able to analyze the complex design-space. However, such design-flows cannot deal with a dynamic platform or a dynamic set of applications. Hardware faults and resources claimed by other applications may render the assumed available resources inaccessible. To avoid the assumptions posed on the state of the platform by a fixed resource allocation, applications should be designed with location transparency in mind. Applications must be analyzed at design-time to determine the required resource budget, independent of which specific resources will be allocated. Sufficient performance can be guaranteed when such applications are mapped onto an architecture in which each resource is arbitrated using a budget scheduler. Within the Cutting edge Reconfigurable ICs for Stream Processing (CRISP) project, a many-core platform is developed that adheres to these requirements. Using the configuration features of the platform, the system is able to control at run-time what resources are being used by the applications. This paper shows that run-time resource allocation can effectively adapt to the available set of resources, providing partial distribution transparency to the user. As an example, a GNSS receiver is mapped to the platform containing faulty hardware components. A few resources remain critical, but in most cases the faulty components can be circumvented, such that adequate resources can be allocated to the application at run-time. © 2011 IEEE.

关键词： Budget control

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A 50Mhz-To-1.5Ghz Cross-Correlation CMOS Spectrum Analyzer for Cognitive Radio with 89dB SFDR in 1Mhz RBW

A 50Mhz-To-1.5Ghz Cross-Correlation CMOS Spectrum Analyzer f...

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IEEE International Symposium on New Frontiers in Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks, DySPAN

作者： Mark S. Oude Alink Eric A. M. Klumperink Michiel C. M. Soer Andre B. J. Kokkeler Bram Nauta Integrated Circuit Design / Computer Architecture for Embedded Systems CTIT Research Institute University of Twente Enschede Netherlands

Spectrum sensing for cognitive radio requires a high linearity to handle strong signals, and at the same time a low noise figure (NF) to enable detection of much weaker signals. Often there is a trade-off between linearity and noise: improving one of them degrades the other. Cross-correlation can break this trade-off by reducing noise at the cost of measurement time. An existing RF front-end in CMOS-technology with IIP3=+11dBm and NF<6.5dB is duplicated and attenuators are put in front to increase linearity (IIP3=+24dBm). The attenuation degrades NF, but by using cross-correlation of the outputs of the two frontends, the NF is reduced to below 4dB. In total this results in a spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) of 89dB in 1MHz resolution bandwidth (RBW).

关键词： Spectral analysis Cognitive radio Noise measurement Linearity Degradation Noise figure Noise reduction Costs Time measurement Radio frequency

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Exploring the Use of Two Antennas for Crosscorrelation Spectrum Sensing

Exploring the Use of Two Antennas for Crosscorrelation Spect...

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IEEE Conference on Vehicular Technology (VTC)

作者： M. S. Oude Alink A. R. Smeenge A. B. J. Kokkeler E. A. M. Klumperink G. J. M. Smit B. Nauta Integrated Circuit Design Computer Architecture for Embedded Systems CTIT Research Institute University of Twente Enschede Netherlands

Spectrum sensing is one of the key characteristics of a cognitive radio. Energy detection provides maximum flexibility by not relying on any prior knowledge, but suffers from an SNR-wall due to noise uncertainty. Crosscorrelation of the outputs of two receiver paths is a technique to reduce the noise level of the total receiver, and hence improves the SNR. The reduction of the noise is limited by correlated noise originating from shared components near the antenna. In this paper we explore the use of a separate antenna for each receiver for crosscorrelation spectrum sensing. One immediate advantage is that due to the removal of the splitter, which was necessary to interface the single antenna to two receivers, the SNR improves, significantly reducing the required measurement time. A lot of the noise correlation can be removed, leading to a lower residual noise floor. The noise at each antenna will still be partially correlated due to mutual coupling, spatial noise correlation and man-made noise. We show that some signal power can be lost in the sensing process due to partial decorrelation of the signal at the two antennas. Fortunately, this seems to be a problem only in highly mobile environments, which makes the use of two-antenna crosscorrelation spectrum sensing an interesting solution towards more reliable energy detection.

关键词： Noise Receiving antennas Antenna measurements Correlation Sensors

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Improving harmonic rejection for spectrum sensing using crosscorrelation

Improving harmonic rejection for spectrum sensing using cros...

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European Conference on Solid-State Circuits (ESSCIRC)

作者： M.S. Oude Alink André B.J. Kokkeler Eric A. M. Klumperink Zhiyu Ru Wei Cheng Bram Nauta Integrated Circuit Design/Computer Architecture for Embedded Systems CTIT Research Institute University of Twente Enschede The Netherlands

Harmonic downmixing may cause a spectrum sensing device to erroneously flag parts of the spectrum as occupied. Receivers employing harmonic rejection (HR) rarely obtain more than 60 dB of HR, which may not be enough for spectrum sensing for dynamic spectrum access. We improve HR by employing two RF-receivers, integrated in a single 65nm CMOS IC, and using a small offset in their LO-frequencies. The offset is corrected in the digital baseband, after which the final receiver outputs are crosscorrelated. Our measurements show that the HR can be significantly improved without calibration or time penalty, even for high initial HR, but that the improvement is limited by crosstalk between the receivers.

关键词： Receivers Harmonic analysis Mixers Sensors Crosstalk Frequency measurement Radio frequency

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A CMOS spectrum analyzer frontend for cognitive radio achieving +25dBm IIP3 and −169 dBm/Hz DANL

A CMOS spectrum analyzer frontend for cognitive radio achiev...

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IEEE Symposium on Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits (RFIC)

作者： Mark S. Oude Alink Eric A.M. Klumperink André B.J. Kokkeler Wei Cheng Zhiyu Ru Amir Ghaffari Gerard J.M. Wienk Bram Nauta Integrated Circuit Design / Computer Architecture for Embedded Systems CTIT Research Institute University of Twente Enschede Netherlands

A dual RF-receiver preceded by discrete-step attenuators is implemented in 65nm CMOS and operates from 0.3-1.0 GHz. The noise of the receivers is reduced by cross-correlating the two receiver outputs in the digital baseband, allowing attenuation of the RF input signal to increase linearity. With this technique a displayed average noise level below -169 dBm/Hz is obtained with +25 dBm IIP 3 , giving a spurious-free dynamic range of 89 dB in 1 MHz resolution bandwidth.

关键词： Receivers Noise Noise measurement Attenuation Linearity CMOS integrated circuits Attenuators

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Accurate dead code detection in embedded C code by arithmetic constraint solving 1

Accurate dead code detection in embedded C code by arithmeti...

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1st Workshop on Satisfiability Checking and Symbolic Computation, SC-Square 2016

作者： Neubauer, Felix Scheibler, Karsten Becker, Bernd Mahdi, Ahmed Fränzle, Martin Teige, Tino Bienmüller, Tom Fehrer, Detlef Department of Computer Architecture University of Freiburg Germany Research Group Hybrid Systems Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg Germany BTC Embedded Systems AG Oldenburg Germany Sick AG Waldkirch Germany

Unreachable code fragments in software, despite not having a negative impact on the functional behavior, can have a bad effect in other areas, such as code optimization or coverage-based code validation and certification. Especially the latter is important in industrial, safety critical environments, where detecting such dead code is a major goal to adjust the coverage of software tests. In the context of embedded systems we focus on C programs which are reactive, control-oriented, and floating-point dominated. Such programs are either automatically generated from Simulink-plus-Stateflow models or hand-written according to coding guidelines. While there are various techniques - e. g. abstract interpretation or Counterexample guided abstraction refinement (CEGAR) - to deal with individual issues of this domain, there is none which can cover all of them. The AVACS transfer project T1 aims at the combination of these techniques in order to provide an accurate and efficient dead code detection. In this paper we present the ideas and goals of the project as well as the current status (including very promising experimental results) and future challenges. Copyright © by the paper's authors.

关键词： Formal verification

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Designing a Control Application by Using a Specialized Multi-Core Soft Microprocessor

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 2013年第28期46卷 221-226页

作者： Bernd Däne Alexander Pacholik Stephan Zschäck Wolfgang Fengler Christoph Ament Tobias Braune Computer Architecture and Embedded Systems Group Systems Analysis Group Ilmenau University of Technology 98684 Ilmenau Germany Tel: +49-3677-69-2825)

关键词： embedded systems soft microprocessor signal processing floating-point real-time

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