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检索条件"机构=Computer Architecture und System Programming University of Kassel"

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A possible Approach for Determining Safety Parameters for Safety Integrated Circuits

A possible Approach for Determining Safety Parameters for Sa...

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International Conference on Information, Communication and Automation Technologies

作者： Josef Borcsok Peter Holub University Kassel Dep. of Computer Architecture and System Programming

ISBN: (纸本)9781479904297

The approach for calculating the failure rate of a safety integrated circuit is used if the number of available test patterns is not sufficient. The safety integrated circuit can be structured in function blocks, that can be functionally compared to semiconductors with discrete structure. Failure models already known and applied for discrete semiconductors can be used to determine the failure rate of the individual function blocks. These models with their known failure rates serve as a reference for the safety integrated circuit function blocks. An advantage of this approach is that the internal safety integrated circuit structure can be taken into consideration when calculating the failure probability. The paper is based on the principles of the generic standard IEC 61508 Edition 2, 2010-04. Because new technologies lack field experience and a basis for evaluating certain risks, a conservative approach to determining failure rates has been emphasized as set forth in SN 29500.

关键词： Safety integrated circuit Failure rate Probability of failure IEC 61508 Arrhenius eq. X~2 distribution Reliability block diagram

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Reliable system Design with a High Degree of Diagnostic Procedures for Embedded systems

Reliable System Design with a High Degree of Diagnostic Proc...

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IET Irish Signals and systems Conference

作者： Michael H. Schwarz Josef Boercsoek Department of Safety Computer Technology University of Kassel Department of Computer Architecture and System Programming University of Kassel

ISBN: (纸本)9781629935881

Maintenance starts with reliable diagnostics. programming Logic Controllers (PLCs) are often equipped with a high degree of diagnostic procedures in order to ensure that the processing unit is functioning correctly. It is vital to verify that the system with its programme is still within a 'healthy' state, otherwise a safety function is called and the system is brought into a safe state, or if possible, defect and malfunctioning components are exchanged during operation and the process can continue without shutting down the system. However, when it comes to smaller devices such as intelligent sensors, embedded controller devices with the functionality of an e.g. PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative), predictive controller, filter or analytical algorithm, which is embedded into a FPGA or micro-controller then diagnostics and verification methods are often not considered in the way they should be. For example, if an intelligent sensor system is not able to diagnose that the sensor-head is malfunctioning, but the sensor-head still provides some data, then the smart algorithm bases its calculation on wrong data, which can cause a dangerous situation. This paper investigates and shows recent results to combine diagnostic methods for small scale devices. Several safety-related structures are considered with a high degree of diagnostic coverage. The paper presents relevant procedures and structures to increase the reliability of small devices without utilising a full scale microcontroller system.

关键词： Reliability Safety structure Maintenance Diagnosis

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FPGA-based wireless sensor network platform for safety systems

FPGA-based wireless sensor network platform for safety syste...

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2012 19th International Conference on Telecommunications, ICT 2012

作者： Hayek, Ali Machmur, Bashier Suna, Yusuf Börcsök, Josef Computer Architecture and System Programming University of Kassel Kassel Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781467307475

Sensor communication applications not only require high performance processing but also flexible and reliable computing. Today, standard microprocessor systems are still application oriented and aren't suitable by implication for reliability-related and safety-related applications. In order to achieve a certain safety integrity level (SIL), several measures, methodologies and especially additional components should be considered, which leads to more and more complex systems. For this reason, new application devices should be targeted. In this context, reconfigurable devices such as SRAM-based Field Programmable Gates Arrays (FPGAs) provide a suitable solution due to their flexibility, and the necessary computing performance at affordable design cost and time. In fact, SRAM-Based FPGAs are nowadays frequently used in embedded communication systems due to their design flexibility and reconfigurability. This paper presents a prototyping platform for an FPGA-based safety-related communication system for a wireless sensor network. As a case study an acceleration sensor application is introduced. © 2012 IEEE.

关键词： Wireless sensor networks

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Safe wireless communication for safety related systems with bluetooth technology

Safe wireless communication for safety related systems with ...

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11th International Probabilistic Safety Assessment and Management Conference and the Annual European Safety and Reliability Conference 2012, PSAM11 ESREL 2012

作者： Pendli, Pavan Kumar Schwarz, Michael Wacker, Hans-Dieter Boercsoek, Josef Computer Architecture and System Programming University of Kassel Kassel Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781622764365

This paper deals with achieving safe wireless communication for safety related systems with Bluetooth technology. In industries at present safe communication between the field bus/devices, PLC/controllers, and system/applications (SCADA, DCS and MES systems) is achieved using safe wired industrial communication protocols such as safe field buses or safe Ethernet. To achieve safe communication, there are certain safety methods, these methods are discussed in the European standard document EN 50159-2. Wired industrial communication protocols implement these methods to achieve safe communication. To determine safety, mathematical equations are derived, which are suitable for wired communication, and which takes into account only the bit errors present in the transmission channel. As there are both bit errors and erasures (loss of information) present in the wireless channel, the mathematical equations derived for wired communication should also take into account erasure of information for wireless communication. This paper derives the mathematical equations for wireless communication to determine the safety and with the implemented safety methods for Bluetooth technology;safety integrity level SIL3 achieved is shown.

关键词： Bluetooth

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New algorithm to predict the residual number of critical software failure which based on imperfect debugging

New algorithm to predict the residual number of critical sof...

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11th International Probabilistic Safety Assessment and Management Conference and the Annual European Safety and Reliability Conference 2012, PSAM11 ESREL 2012

作者： Krini, Ossmane Börcsök, Josef Computer Architecture and System Programming University of Kassel Kassel Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781622764365

This scientific work presents a new method allowing to make a realistic prediction about software-reliability of critical systems. The main feature of this method enables the prediction of an estimate of the remaining critical number of faults in the software. The algorithm uses already known methods such as Imperfect Debugging. This method can provide an even more reliable prognosis than the conventional methods. Furthermore, the new method describes two processes for critical failures (detection and correction process). The new algorithm considers a time, which is called repair-time. This time is important for the reliably prognosis and it is mathematically described as a time-function and used in the prediction model. The software reliability models (SRM's) are used since the 70's, these software reliability models are based on stochastic and aiming to predict the reliability for the software and also for the hardware. SRM's are based on model assumptions, some of which cannot be applied anymore. Thus, for the reliability engineering today, these models are insufficient.

关键词： Software reliability

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SILCaS - A new approach to calculate safety loops

SILCaS - A new approach to calculate safety loops

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11th International Probabilistic Safety Assessment and Management Conference and the Annual European Safety and Reliability Conference 2012, PSAM11 ESREL 2012

作者： Boercsoek, J. Computer Architecture and System Programming University of Kassel 34121 Kassel Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781622764365

In Functional Safety it is necessary to calculate safety parameters in order to determine the safety integrity level as well as to determine PFD and MTTF values. Nowadays, several international valid safety standards exist for different user and application areas. In every standard different methods and procedures occur to calculate relevant safety parameters and to determine the failure rates of the components. Those are often only partially comparable. Today, different tools exist to calculate safety loops. However, the models to calculate the parameters are often unknown to the user and therefore it is difficult to state the quality of the solution. This paper discusses these problems and presents a tool, which calculates according the IEC 61508 Ed. 2 standard. This tool is developed in cooperation with a database established by TUV Rheinland, and will give users an advantage in calculating appropriate and reliable parameters.

关键词： Failure rate

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A stochastic approach to the probability of failure on demand (PFD) with regard to the standard IEC 61508

A stochastic approach to the probability of failure on deman...

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11th International Probabilistic Safety Assessment and Management Conference and the Annual European Safety and Reliability Conference 2012, PSAM11 ESREL 2012

作者： Wacker, H.D. Ugljesa, E. Boercsoek, J. Department of Computer Architecture and System Programming Faculty of Electrical Engineering /Computer Science University Kassel Wilhelmshöher Allee 71 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781622764365

Let there be given a safety related electronic system suffering from random failures or errors. The standard IEC 61508 contains simplified equations for the probability of failure on demand PFDavg for special system architectures, mostly without proof. In various publications PFDavg is defined by several different equations, e.g. as a Laplacian probability, as an integral mean, or by means of the average failure rate of the system. The aim of the paper is to determine PFDavgby stochastic methods and to bring together the different definitions. A formula for PFDavg is given that is valid for most universal electronic systems. The equivalence of 2 different definitions of PFDavgis shown. The special case of a koon-system is investigated, and the resulting equations improve those known so far. The basic idea is to randomize the time to failure, the down time of the system, as well as the repair time, and then, by means of the Stieltjes-Integral, determine the mean or average time as the expectation of the respective random variable.

关键词： Stochastic systems

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FPGA-based wireless sensor network platform for safety systems

FPGA-based wireless sensor network platform for safety syste...

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International Conference on Telecommunications (ICT)

作者： Ali Hayek Bashier Machmur Yusuf Suna Josef Börcsök Computer Architecture and System Programming University of Kassel Kassel Germany

关键词： Field programmable gate arrays Hardware Safety computer architecture Acceleration Monitoring Software

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FPGA-based wireless sensor network for safety-related cognitive systems

FPGA-based wireless sensor network for safety-related cognit...

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International Symposium on Telecommunications (BIHTEL)

作者： Ali Hayek Yusuf Suna Michael Schreiber Josef Börcsök Chair for Computer Architecture and System Programming University of Kassel Kassel Germany

Wireless sensor networks for monitoring and steering industrial systems have emerged as an important new application area for wireless embedded technology in safety-related systems. Therefore several hardware platforms can be targeted. Due to their flexibility and reconfigurability along with high performance and power efficiency, modern Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) are an excellent platform to realize such intelligent sensor networks. On one hand, FPGAs can integrate embedded processors and on-chip memory into a single die and can be easily configured to interface with a wide variety of popular communications protocols like SPI, UART and I2C, which are used for sensor communication. On the other hand, the reconfigurability of FPGAs supports the design of self-organizing computing systems, which are increasingly used in sensor applications. In this paper an FPGA-based wireless smart sensor network that integrates acceleration sensors for increasing safety aspects in cognitive systems used for industrial communication is presented.

关键词： Field programmable gate arrays Wireless LAN Robot sensing systems Acceleration Graphical user interfaces Software Hardware

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New concept to develop a safety sensor network for continuous noninvasive blood pressure monitoring

New concept to develop a safety sensor network for continuou...

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International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA)

作者： Huiyun Sheng Michael Schwarz Josef Börcsök Department of Computer architecture and System programming University of Kassel Kassel Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781467347358

This paper proposes a continuous, non-invasive blood pressure monitoring system concept, which uses a safety microprocessor to connect sensors for building a body sensor network. The changes in Pulse Transit Time (PTT) can be detected with the sensor network. The microprocessor gathers the PTT and other vital signs of the patient to derive changes in blood pressure. Through the new Bluetooth protocol for safety systems, the current blood pressure value can be sent to a variety of terminals present in the wireless network, such as mobile phone, PC and medical monitoring systems. The 1oo2 architecture of the used microprocessor can provide high safety to a rating of safety integrity level 3 (SIL3), thus the whole network can meet the safety required in medical care systems.

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