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Self-Awareness for Autonomous systems

PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE 2020年第7期108卷 971-975页

作者： Dutt, Nikil Regazzoni, Carlo S. Rinner, Bernhard Yao, Xin Nikil Dutt (Fellow IEEE) received the Ph.D. degree from the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign Champaign IL USA in 1989.""He is currently a Distinguished Professor of computer science (CS) cognitive sciences and electrical engineering and computer sciences (EECS) with the University of California at Irvine Irvine CA USA. He is a coauthor of seven books. His research interests include embedded systems electronic design automation (EDA) computer architecture distributed systems healthcare Internet of Things (IoT) and brain-inspired architectures and computing.""Dr. Dutt is a Fellow of ACM. He was a recipient of the IFIP Silver Core Award. He has received numerous best paper awards. He serves as the Steering Committee Chair of the IEEE/ACM Embedded Systems Week (ESWEEK). He is also on the steering organizing and program committees of several premier EDA and embedded system design conferences and workshops. He has served on the Editorial Boards for the IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems and the ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems and also previously served as the Editor-in-Chief (EiC) for the ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems. He served on the Advisory Boards of the IEEE Embedded Systems Letters the ACM Special Interest Group on Embedded Systems the ACM Special Interest Group on Design Automationt and the ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems. Carlo S. Regazzoni (Senior Member IEEE) received the M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in electronic and telecommunications engineering from the University of Genoa Genoa Italy in 1987 and 1992 respectively.""He is currently a Full Professor of cognitive telecommunications systems with the Department of Electrical Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering and Naval Architecture (DITEN) University of Genoa and a Co-Ordinator of the Joint Doctorate on Interactive and Cognitive Environments (JDICE) international Ph.D. course started initially as EU Erasmus Mundus Project and

Autonomous systems are able to make decisions and potentially take actions without direct human intervention, which requires some knowledge about the system and its environment as well as goal-oriented reasoning. In computer systems, one can derive such behavior from the concept of a rational agent with autonomy (“control over its own actions”), reactivity (“react to events from the environment”), proactivity (“act on its own initiative”), and sociality (“interact with other agents”) as fundamental properties \n[1]\n. Autonomous systems will undoubtedly pervade into our everyday lives, and we will find them in a variety of domains and applications including robotics, transportation, health care, communications, and entertainment to name a few. \nThe articles in this month’s special issue cover concepts and fundamentals, architectures and techniques, and applications and case studies in the exciting area of self-awareness in autonomous systems.

关键词： Special issues and sections Autonomous systems Self-aware Robot sensing systems Computational modeling

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UniTi: Unified composition and time for multi-domain model-based design

UniTi: Unified composition and time for multi-domain model-b...

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作者： Rovers, Kenneth C. Kuper, Jan Computer Architectures for Embedded Systems Group Faculty of Electrical Engineering Math and Computer Science University of Twente Enschede Netherlands

To apply model-based design to embedded systems that interface with the physical world, including simulation and verification, current tools fall short. They must provide mathematical (model) definitions that stay close to the specification of the system. They must allow multiple domains, such as the continuous-time, discrete-time and dataflow domain, in a single model including well-defined interaction. They must support model transformations for refining a model during development. And most importantly, they must accurately include and simulate different notions of time in the model. UniTi is a model-based design flow and modelling and simulation environment that delivers on all these aspects. It is based on components that are signal transformations, and therefore mathematical functions. However, in each domain the representation of a signal differs. As components have the same structure in each domain, we can use unified composition operators to represent multiple domains in a single model. Furthermore, this composition provides a unified perspective on time in the domains, even though we differentiate between different notions of time. Time becomes a local property of the model, allowing us to represent and simulate time transformations such as time delays exactly without losing efficiency. Finally, model transformations are defined for such components, which are used for refining and developing the model and which are guided by the design steps in the design flow. We will formally define the domains, composition operators and transformations of UniTi and verify the approach with a case study on a phased array beamforming system. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media New York.

关键词： embedded systems

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Certifiable Development Process for Information Processing in the Measurement Domain on the Base of 3W-Models

Certifiable Development Process for Information Processing i...

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IEEE Annual computer Software and Applications Conference Workshops (COMPSACW)

作者： Irina Gushchina Wolfgang Fengler Jirka Ciemala Detlef Streitferdt Computer Architecture and Embedded Systems Group Ilmenau University of Technology Ilmenau Germany Software Architectures and Product Lines Group Ilmenau University of Technology Ilmenau Germany

The paper presents a certifiable development process applicable to hardware and software development for information processing in the measurement domain, especially the dynamic weighing technology. Thereby it is based on the developments of prototypes for new and predecessor systems and product stages. Particular attention is paid to the possibility of calibration.

关键词： Prototypes Mathematical model embedded systems Hardware Safety Measurement uncertainty Field programmable gate arrays

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Mobile satellite reception with a virtual satellite dish based on a reconfigurable multi-processor architecture

Mobile satellite reception with a virtual satellite dish bas...

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作者： Van De Burgwal, M.D. Rovers, K.C. Blom, K.C.H. Kokkeler, A.B.J. Smit, G.J.M. Computer Architectures for Embedded Systems Group Faculty of Electrical Engineering Math and Computer Science University of Twente Enschede Netherlands

Traditionally, mechanically steered dishes or analog phased array beamforming systems have been used for radio frequency receivers, where strong directivity and high performance were much more important than low-cost requirements. Real-time controlled digital phased array beamforming could not be realized due to the high computational requirements and the implementation costs. Today, digital hardware has become powerful enough to perform the massive number of operations required for real-time digital beamforming. With the continuously decreasing price per transistor, high performance signal processing has become available by using multi-processor architectures. More and more applications are using beamforming to improve the spatial utilization of communication channels, resulting in many dedicated digital architectures for specific applications. By using a reconfigurable architecture, a single hardware platform can be used for different applications with different processing needs. In this article, we show how a reconfigurable multi-processor system-on-chip based architecture can be used for phased array processing, including an advanced tracking mechanism to continuously receive signals with a mobile satellite receiver. An adaptive beamformer for DVB-S satellite reception is presented that uses an Extended Constant Modulus Algorithm to track satellites. The receiver consists of 8 antennas and is mapped on three reconfigurable Montium TP processors. With a scenario based on a phased array antenna mounted on the roof of a car, we show that the adaptive steering algorithm is robust in dynamic scenarios and correctly demodulates the received signal. © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Beamforming

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Reciprocal and reciprocal square root units with operand modification and multiplication

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Journal of VLSI Signal Processing systems for Signal, Image, and Video Technology 2006年第3期42卷 257-272页

作者： Wires, Kent E. Schulte, Michael J. Agere Systems Lehigh Valley Central Campus 1110 American Parkway NE Allentown PA 18109 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison 1415 Engineering Drive Madison WI 53706 Agere Systems Allentown PA University of Wisconsin Madison Madison Embedded Systems and Architectures Group IEEE IEEE Computer Society

Reciprocals and reciprocal square roots are used in several digital signal processing, multimedia, and scientific computing applications. This paper presents high-speed methods for computing reciprocals and reciprocal square roots. These methods use a table lookup, operand modification, and multiplication to obtain an initial approximation. This is followed by a modified Newton-Raphson iteration, which improves the accuracy of the initial approximation. The initial approximation and Newton-Raphson iteration employ specialized hardware to reduce the delay, area, and power dissipation. The application of these methods is illustrated through the design of reciprocal and reciprocal square root units for operands in the IEEE single precision format. These designs are pipelined to produce a new result every clock cycle. © 2006 Springer Science + Business Media, Inc.

关键词： Digital signal processing

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A low-power multithreaded processor for software defined radio

A low-power multithreaded processor for software defined rad...

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作者： Schulte, Michael Glossner, John Jinturkar, Sanjay Moudgill, Mayan Mamidi, Suman Vassiliadis, Stamatis University of Wisconsin Dept. of ECE 1415 Engineering Drive Madison WI 53706 United States Sandbridge Technologies 1 North Lexington Ave. White Plains NY 10512 United States Delft University of Technology Electrical Engineering Mathematics and Computer Science Department Delft Netherlands University of Wisconsin Madison Madison Embedded Systems and Architectures Group IEEE IEEE Computer Society Sandbridge Technologies Sandbridge Systems Software and Communications Software Groups Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University OfWisconsin Madison Netherlands ACM

embedded digital signal processors for software defined radio have stringent design constraints including high computational bandwidth, low power consumption, and low interrupt latency. Furthermore, due to rapidly evolving communication standards with increasing code complexity, these processors must be compiler-friendly, so that code for them can quickly be developed in a high-level language. In this paper, we present the design of the Sandblaster Processor, a low-power multithreaded digital signal processor for software defined radio. The processor uses a unique combination of token triggered threading, powerful compound instructions, and SIMD vector operations to provide real-time baseband processing capabilities with very low power consumption. We describe the processor's architecture and microarchitecture, along with various techniques for achieving high performance and low power dissipation. We also describe the processor's programming environment and the SB3010 platform, a complete system-on-chip solution for software defined radio. Using a super-computer class vectorizing compiler, the SB3010 achieves real-time performance in software on a variety of communication protocols including 802.11b, GPS, AM/FM radio, Bluetooth, GPRS, and WCDMA. In addition to providing a programmable platform for SDR, the processor also provides efficient support for a wide variety of digital signal processing and multimedia applications. © 2006 Springer Science + Business Media, LLC.

关键词： Program processors

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AN EXPERT SYSTEM FOR REAL-TIME NOISE AND VIBRATION ANALYSIS OF SHIPBOARD EQUIPMENT

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1986年第3期98卷 107-114页

作者： KLEIN, SK VAIL, JA BALON, K Jeannine A. Vailis a graduate of the University of Pittsburgh and Wheeling College where she earned MS and BS degrees in mathematics. She is currently the president of Vail Research and Technology Corporation. Experience includes twelve years in reliability maintainability and availability (RMA) engineering software development and cost analysis in NA VSEA the Naval Surface Weapons Center and industry. She developed RMA requirements and performed simulations on a wide variety of naval ships and underwater weapons. She is a co-developer of the computer simulation techniques used in this paper for which she received a Group Achievement A ward from NA VSEA in 1980. Ms. Vail is currently a member of ASNE IEEE and the Society of Reliability Engineers. Publications include “DDG-47 Reliability Engineering Analysis”Naval Engineers JournalApril 1978. Steven K. Kleinattended Indiana University where he earned BS and MS degrees in mathemtical physics and completed course work for PhD degrees in mathematical physics and inorganic chemistry. He is currently a division director with ORI Inc. He has taught physics and mathematics at Indiana University and has over fifteen years experience in RMA engineering and management including director of product assurance for the joint cruise missile project. He has provided RMA engineering support to a broad spectrum of Navy and Air Force tactical and strategic weapon systems and is a past member of the NASA microcircuit line certification team. Kevin Balonis a graduate of the University of Maryland where he earned a BSEE degree. He is currently employed with ORI Inc. where he is performing a variety of projects related with implementation of higher order languages in embedded firmware architectures.

An expert system is described which allows real-time analysis of the noise and vibration signature of vibrating machinery. The system presented consists of an adaptive algorithm which varies the band width of analysis channels as a function of a signal complexity factor and a measure of the rapidity of local signal change. Overall program architecture is presented as well as detailed discussion of signature functional identification and statistical trend modules which are adaptable to a wide variety of input data base configurations. Execution of the program on a “super-mini” in FORTRAN code with direct graphics output and on 68000 series based firmware using ADA is discussed. Results are presented of program execution on Navy hydrophone and propulsion gas turbine data showing current signature and projections of trend to future times compared with failed condition signatures. Correlation results for such predictions are also discussed.

关键词： SHIP EQUIPMENT

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