This research looks at microwave devices, specifically, patch antenna along with electromagnetic spectrum, shape, mechanism, analytical methods, simulation tools, and feeding procedures. Patch antennas are distinguish...
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This research looks at microwave devices, specifically, patch antenna along with electromagnetic spectrum, shape, mechanism, analytical methods, simulation tools, and feeding procedures. Patch antennas are distinguished by their rectangular form, with a patch on one side and a ground plane on the other. Patch antennas work by exciting electromagnetic waves inside the patch, which are subsequently transmitted into the surrounding environment. The report also outlines numerous ways for evaluating the performance of microstrip patch antennas. The electromagnetic characteristics of the antenna are analyzed using the transmission line model, cavity model, and multiport network model (MNM). The integral equations that regulate the behavior of the antenna are solved using the method of moments (MoM) and the finite element method (FEM). The spectral domain technique (SDT) is used to analyze the antenna’s frequency response, while the finite difference time domain (FDTD) approach is used to analyze the antenna’s time-domain behavior. Overall, these methodologies give a thorough understanding of microstrip patch antenna performance and may be utilized to optimize their design. Furthermore, several patch antenna feeding methods, such as probe feed, microstrip line feeding, aperture coupling, proximity coupling, and CPW feed, are investigated. Attaching a microstrip line to the patch, which is subsequently linked to the RF source, is what microstrip line feeding entails. Aperture coupling entails making a hole in the ground plane that allows the RF source to feed the patch directly. Proximity coupling is accomplished by placing a probe near the patch, which creates an electromagnetic field on the patch. Patch antenna simulation software includes programmers such as HFSS, CST, and FEKO. These tools simulate the patch antenna’s performance, including its radiation pattern, gain, and input impedance. These simulations may be used to optimize the patch antenna design for specific a
In this article, a lens is applied to reduce the horn antenna’s Side Lobe Level (SLL) based on controlling the phase and amplitude distribution of the electromagnetic fields over the aperture of the horn antenna in t...
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Calculated parameters(soil layer resistivity,soil layer thickness,and the number of soil layers)of horizontally layered soil are usually obtained based on the measured apparent resistivity under different measurement ...
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Calculated parameters(soil layer resistivity,soil layer thickness,and the number of soil layers)of horizontally layered soil are usually obtained based on the measured apparent resistivity under different measurement distances,which are significant for the design,operation,and maintenance of grounding *** existing calculation methods of soil parameters are just trying to make the calculation results approach the measurement data,ignoring the relationship among measurement data,the calculated soil parameters,and grounding parameters,which would increase the workload of the *** better balance the distance range of the measurement data and the influence of the calculated horizontally layered soil on grounding parameters,this paper systematically studies the relationship among measured apparent soil resistivity,calculated horizontally layered soil parameters,and grounding *** basic theories of apparent resistivity measurement,soil parameter calculation,and grounding parameter calculation are given,the influence of soil layer thickness on the measured apparent resistivity is studied,and the influence of the calculated soil parameters on the grounding resistance of different grounding models is *** on different scales of grounding grids,the results give a corresponding reference distance range of measured apparent soil ***,this paper can help decrease the workload of soil resistivity measurement during grounding parameters analysis,which has far-reaching engineering significance.
As cities continue to experience rapid urbanization and growing population densities, the demand for efficient and secure parking management solutions has surged. This paper focuses on developing an advanced automated...
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The surge in online activities has led to the increasing popularity of sharing video data across diverse applications, including online education tutorials, social networking, video calling, and OTT platforms. Encrypt...
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Complex networks are becoming more complex because of the use of many components with diverse technologies. In fact, manual configuration that makes each component interoperable has breed latent danger to system secur...
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Complex networks are becoming more complex because of the use of many components with diverse technologies. In fact, manual configuration that makes each component interoperable has breed latent danger to system security. There is still no comprehensive review of these studies and prospects for further research. According to the complexity of component configuration and difficulty of security assurance in typical complex networks, this paper systematically reviews the abstract models and formal analysis methods required for intelligent configuration of complex networks, specifically analyzes, and compares the current key technologies such as configuration semantic awareness, automatic generation of security configuration, dynamic deployment, and verification evaluation. These technologies can effectively improve the security of complex networks intelligent configuration and reduce the complexity of operation and maintenance. This paper also summarizes the mainstream construction methods of complex networks configuration and its security test environment and detection index system, which lays a theoretical foundation for the formation of the comprehensive effectiveness verification capability of configuration security. The whole lifecycle management system of configuration security process proposed in this paper provides an important technical reference for reducing the complexity of network operation and maintenance and improving network security.
This paper discussed an efficient technique to detect near-duplicate images with higher accuracy. The proposed method improved the existing accuracy of near-duplicate image detection and classification using Haar wave...
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Cryptanalytic innovations are considered the most economical and useful method for guaranteeing information security across shared networks. Despite the tinier key magnitude of Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) compar...
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In this paper, we construct an efficient decoupling-type strategy for solving the Allen-Cahn equation on curved surfaces. It is based on an FEM-EIEQ(Finite Element Method and explicit-Invariant Energy Quadratization) ...
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In this paper, we construct an efficient decoupling-type strategy for solving the Allen-Cahn equation on curved surfaces. It is based on an FEM-EIEQ(Finite Element Method and explicit-Invariant Energy Quadratization) fully discrete scheme with unconditional energy stability. Spatially the FEM is adopted, using a triangular mesh discretization strategy that can be adapted to complex regions. Temporally, the EIEQ approach is considered, which not only linearizes the nonlinear potential but also gives a new variable that we combine with the nonlocal splitting method to achieve the fully decoupled computation. The strategy can successfully transform the Allen-Cahn system into some completely independent algebraic equations and linear elliptic equations with constant coefficients, we only need to solve these simple equations at each time step. Moreover, we conducted some numerical experiments to demonstrate the effectiveness of the strategy.
The main reason for the increasing popularity of fish as pets in households is the recent scientific understanding that watching the motion of fish can create a calming environment, resulting in a stress-reducing effe...
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