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10th Frontier Academic Forum of Electrical engineering, FAFEE 2022

作者： Pan, Wenxin Faculty of Electrical Engineering Mathematics and Computer Science Delft University of Technology Delft2628 CD Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)9789819934034

The network on chip(NoC) makes use of sharing segmented network structure, data transmission link is no longer unique. Compared with bus communication, NoC makes a good trade-off between design cost and connection complexity, and can achieves better scalability. A NoC mainly includes interconnect topology, a lot of cores, routers, and data communication between these cores. The topology architecture of NoC has an important effect on its performance. A new method is proposed in this paper to minimize network delay for topology architecture design of NoC, the method employs cellular genetic algorithm for the placement design of cores and routers, such that the communication bandwidth requirement is satisfied and the delay of NoC is minimal. The computational efficiency of cellular genetic algorithm is enhanced by choosing one of the five neighborhood topologies at random in the selection and crossover operations, and using two selection modes for the selection of individuals. The experimental results show that the NoC topology architecture with lower network delay can be obtained by using the method in this paper, the delay of NoC is reduced, and the total time required by this method is shorter compared with the traditional genetic algorithm. © Beijing Paike Culture Commu. Co., Ltd. 2023.

关键词： Network-on-chip

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Clustering-Based Negative Sampling Approaches for Protein-Protein Interaction Prediction 19th

Clustering-Based Negative Sampling Approaches for Protein-P...

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19th International Meeting on Computational Intelligence Methods for Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, CIBB 2024

作者： Kesemen, Zehra Karadeniz, İlknur Aydoğan, Reyhan Computer Science Özyeğin University Istanbul Turkey Artificial Intelligence and Data Engineering Özyeğin University Istanbul Turkey Interactive Intelligence Group Delft University of Technology Delft Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)9783031897030

The lack of confirmed negative interactions poses a major challenge to the prediction of protein-protein interactions. The reliable selection of these negative samples within a dataset is crucial for a better understanding of the underlying patterns and dynamics. The random sampling method is the most widely used negative sampling method, where negative pairs are randomly selected from unlabelled samples (i.e., samples not experimentally confirmed as positive interactions). However, they tend to introduce inaccurately labelled negative samples, resulting in less reliable predictions, which may affect the efficiency of the learning process. Our study aims to assess the reliability of clustering-based negative sampling methods and highlight their fundamental differences from the widely used random sampling method. To achieve this goal, we propose a hierarchical clustering-based algorithm that uses different mechanisms to select negative instances from unlabelled instances. We investigated the effectiveness of our proposed approach compared to existing clustering-based negative sampling methods and random sampling on four different datasets. The results indicate that clustering-based methods surpass the commonly used random sampling method. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

关键词： Hierarchical clustering

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A FRAMEWORK FOR INVESTIGATING EDUCATIONAL THEORIES IN engineering EDUCATION RESEARCH 51

A FRAMEWORK FOR INVESTIGATING EDUCATIONAL THEORIES IN ENGINE...

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51st Annual Conference of the European Society for engineering Education, SEFI 2023

作者： van der Werf, V. van Helden, G. Schleiss, J. Saunders-Smits, G.N. LDE Centre for Education and Learning Delft University of Technology Delft Netherlands Leiden Institute of Advanced Computer Science Leiden University Leiden Netherlands Faculty of Aerospace Engineering Delft University of Technology Delft Netherlands 4TU Centre for Engineering Education Delft University of Technology Delft Netherlands Faculty of Computer Science Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg Magdeburg Germany Faculty of Mechanical Maritime and Materials Engineering Delft University of Technology Delft Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)9782873520267

Grounding the design of educational interventions and their analysis in theory allows us to understand and interpret results of interventions and advance educational theories. Moreover, building an understanding of which educational theories are used and how they are used can build a consensus among researchers and mature the research in a field. In this paper, we investigate the extent to which educational theories are used to ground the design, analysis, and evaluation of learning activities in engineering education. For this purpose, we developed a coding instrument to determine: (1) which educational theories are expressed in studies investigating learning activities and interventions, and (2) the extent to which these theories inform (a) the design of an intervention and (b) the analysis of that intervention. The instrument was applied to a sample of 12 studies from an existing literature review on collaborative engineering design activities to demonstrate the relevance of the developed framework. Results reveal that most studies refer to educational theory, primarily pedagogical approaches such as project-based learning. Furthermore, half of the time, the design of learning interventions is grounded in theory, however, the evaluation of those interventions is often not connected to educational theories. © 2023 SEFI 2023 - 51st Annual Conference of the European Society for engineering Education: engineering Education for Sustainability, Proceedings. All Rights Reserved.

关键词： engineering education

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Behavior-based Feedback Loop for Attentive E-reading (BFLAe): A Real-Time computer Vision Approach 1

Behavior-based Feedback Loop for Attentive E-reading (BFLAe)...

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1st IJCAI Workshop and Challenge on Micro-Gesture Analysis for Hidden Emotion Understanding, MiGA 2023

作者： Lee, Yoon Migut, Gosia Specht, Marcus Faculty of Electrical Engineering Mathematics and Computer Science Delft University of Technology Netherlands

This study is built upon a behavior-based framework for real-time attention evaluation of higher education learners in e-reading. Significant challenges in AI model developments for learning analytics have been 1) defining valid indicators and 2) connecting the analytics results to interventions, balancing the generalization and personalization needs. To address this, we utilized a public multimodal WEDAR dataset and trained a neural network model based on real-time features of learners, aiming at predicting learners' moment-to-moment distractions. Real-time features for model training include 30 learners' attention regulation behaviors annotated every second, reaction times to blur stimuli, and page numbers indicating various reading phases. Our preliminary model based on a neural network has achieved 66.26% accuracy in predicting self-reported distractions. Based on the model, we suggest a framework of a Behavior-based Feedback Loop for Attentive e-reading (BFLAe). It has text blur as feedback, a mechanism responsive to learners' distractions that also works as data for next-round feedback. The general feedback implementation rules are established on a statistical analysis conducted on all learners. In addition, we propose a strategy for personalizing feedback using a quartile analysis of individual data, promoting learner-specific feedback. Our framework addresses the high demand for an automated e-learning assistant with non-intrusive data collection based on real-world settings and intuitive feedback provision. The feedback system aims to help learners with longer attention spans and less frequent distractions, leading to more engaging e-reading. © 2023 Copyright for this paper by its authors. Use permitted under Creative Commons License Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).

关键词： Modal analysis

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Analysis of Conductance Variability in RRAM for Accurate Neuromorphic Computing 25

Analysis of Conductance Variability in RRAM for Accurate Neu...

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25th IEEE Latin American Test Symposium, LATS 2024

作者： Aziza, H. Postel-Pellerin, J. Fieback, M. Hamdioui, S. Xun, H. Taouil, M. Coulie, K. Rahajandraibe, W. Aix-Marseille University Cnrs IM2NP France Delft University Of Technology Computer Engineering Laboratory Delft2628CD Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)9798350365559

While Resistive RRAM (RRAM) offers attractive features for artificial neural networks (NN) such as low power operation and high-density, its conductance variation can pose significant challenges when the storage of synaptic weights is concerned. This paper reports an experimental evaluation of the conductance variations of manufactured RRAMs at the memory array level. Working at the memory array level allows to catch cycle-to-cycle (C2C) as well as device-to-device (D2D) variability and, hence, to propose a realistic evaluation of the conductance variation. Variability is evaluated with respect to the RRAM low resistance state (LRS) and high resistance state (HRS) conductance ratio. This ratio is selected as the parameter of interest as it guarantees the proper operation of the RRAM: the larger the ratio, the more reliable and robust the RRAM cell is in storing and retrieving data. The measurement results show that the conductance ratio is heavily affected by variability. Large spatial and temporal variations are reported, making challenging RRAM-based analog weight storage. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： RRAM

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Guided Malware Sample Analysis Based on Graph Neural Networks

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IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security 2023年 18卷 4128-4143页

作者： Chen, Yi-Hsien Lin, Si-Chen Huang, Szu-Chun Lei, Chin-Laung Huang, Chun-Ying National Taiwan University Department of Electrical Engineering Taipei106319 Taiwan National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Department of Computer Science Hsinchu300093 Taiwan Delft University of Technology Faculty of Technology Policy and Management Delft2628 BX Netherlands

Malicious binaries have caused data and monetary loss to people, and these binaries keep evolving rapidly nowadays. With tons of new unknown attack binaries, one essential daily task for security analysts and researchers is to analyze and effectively identify malicious parts and report the critical behaviors within the binaries. While manual analysis is slow and ineffective, automated malware report generation is a long-term goal for malware analysts and researchers. This study moves one step toward the goal by identifying essential functions in malicious binaries to accelerate and even automate the analyzing process. We design and implement an expert system based on our proposed graph neural network called MalwareExpert. The system pinpoints the essential functions of an analyzed sample and visualizes the relationships between involved parts. We evaluate our proposed approach using executable binaries in the Windows operating system. The evaluation results show that our approach has a competitive detection performance (97.3% accuracy and 96.5% recall rate) compared to existing malware detection models. Moreover, it gives an intuitive and easy-to-understand explanation of the model predictions by visualizing and correlating essential functions. We compare the identified essential functions reported by our system against several expert-made malware analysis reports from multiple sources. Our qualitative and quantitative analyses show that the pinpointed functions indicate accurate directions. In the best case, the top 2% of functions reported from the system can cover all expert-annotated functions in three steps. We believe that the MalwareExpert system has shed light on automated program behavior analysis. © 2005-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Feature extraction

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Impact of Virtual Synchronous Generators on Power System Frequency Dynamics

Impact of Virtual Synchronous Generators on Power System Fre...

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2023 International Conference on Smart Energy Systems and Technologies, SEST 2023

作者： Fu, Aihui Lekic, Aleksandra Kontis, Eleftherios O. Malamaki, Kyriaki-Nefeli D. Kryonidis, Georgios C. Mauricio, Juan Manuel Demoulias, Charis S. Cvetkovic, Milos Delft University of Technology Faculty of Electrical Engineering Mathematics and Computer Science Delft Netherlands Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering Thessaloniki Greece University of Seville Department of Electrical Engineering Spain

ISBN: (纸本)9798350397901

This paper deals with a systematic assessment of the power system frequency dynamics under high penetration of converter-interfaced renewable energy sources (CI-RESs). Specifically, the concept of the virtual synchronous generator (VSG) is implemented in the CI-RESs located at the transmission system (TS) side and/or the distribution network (DN) side. Dynamic RMS simulations are performed on a testbed consisting of the IEEE 9-bus TS grid and the CIGRE medium-voltage DN grid under different CI-RES penetration levels and VSG control parameters to assess the VSG impact on the power system frequency dynamics. It is shown that the decommissioning of conventional power plants coupled via synchronous generators can be safely performed in case the VSG concept is adopted correctly. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Synchronous generators

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Quantifying Biomedical Amplifier Efficiency: The noise efficiency factor

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IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine 2023年第2期15卷 28-33页

作者： Hall, Drew A. Makinwa, Kofi A.A. Jang, Taekwang University of California San Diego Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering San DiegoCA92093 United States Delft University of Technology Delft Netherlands Samsung Electronics Company Ltd. Yongin Korea Republic of

There has been a long-standing interest in controlling and instrumenting the human body. Whether to restore lost function with neural prosthetics, monitor blood glucose levels, or augment human capabilities, there are countless opportunities for sensors inside (e.g., ingestible, injectable, and implantable) and outside (e.g., wearable) the body. However, many challenges exist when instrumenting the body. First, many use cases (e.g., implanted sensors) require long-term recording to capture anomalous behavior - sometimes with limited accessibility - necessitating ultralow power consumption. Second, the power reduction challenge is further exacerbated by size constraints, which limit battery capacity or harvestable energy levels. Third, the signals of interest are often low bandwidth (kHz) and small in amplitude (μV to mV);thus, low-noise front ends are needed. Addressing these challenges has led to a large body of work on the design of highly power-efficient, low-noise amplifiers for biomedical integrated circuits. © 2009-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Low noise amplifiers

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ArtA: automating Design Space Exploration of spin-qubit architectures

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Quantum Information Processing 2025年第6期24卷 1-36页

作者： Paraskevopoulos, Nikiforos Hamel, David Sarkar, Aritra Almudever, C. G. Feld, Sebastian Quantum and Computer Engineering Department Delft University of Technology Delft The Netherlands QuTech Delft University of Technology Delft The Netherlands Computer Engineering Department Universitat Politècnica de València Valencia Spain

In the fast-paced field of quantum computing, identifying the architectural characteristics that will enable quantum processors to achieve high performance across a diverse range of quantum algorithms continues to pose a significant challenge. Given the extensive and costly nature of experimentally testing different designs, this paper introduces the first Design Space Exploration (DSE) for quantum-dot spin-qubit architectures. Utilizing the upgraded SpinQ compilation framework, this study explores a substantial design space comprising 29,312 spin-qubit-based architectures and applies an innovative optimization tool, ArtA (Artificial Architect), to speed up the design space traversal. ArtA can leverage 17 optimization configurations, significantly reducing exploration times by up to 99.1% compared to a traditional brute force approach while maintaining the same result quality. After a comprehensive evaluation of best-matching optimization configurations per quantum circuit, ArtA suggests specific as well as universal architectural features that provide optimal performance across the examined circuits. Our work demonstrates that combining DSE methodologies with optimization algorithms can be effectively used to generate meaningful design insights for quantum processor development.

关键词： Design Space Exploration Quantum dots Spin-qubit architectures Optimization algorithms Compilation Quantum processing unit design

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Non-Unit DC Line Protection Method for Multi-Terminal MMC-HVDC System Based on Normalized Backward Traveling Waves

Non-Unit DC Line Protection Method for Multi-Terminal MMC-HV...

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2023 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Europe, ISGT EUROPE 2023

作者： Xie, Fan Liu, Le Hao, Zhiguo Lekić, Aleksandra Popov, Marjan School of Electrical Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an China Faculty of Electrical Engineering Mathematics and Computer Science Delft University of Technology Delft Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)9798350396782

Existing line protection methods for multi-terminal direct current (MTDC) systems are constrained by the placement and values of boundary elements. To overcome this limitation, this paper proposes a non-unit DC line protection method based on the normalized backward traveling waves (BTWs) of the 1-mode voltage. Firstly, this article studies the traveling wave characteristics and derives the expressions for the normalized BTWs. Then, the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm is used for amplitude fitting and normalization calculation. Based on the normalized BTWs, a non-unit protection method is proposed. Finally, the proposed method is evaluated with a simulation model on the PSCAD/EMTDC platform. The results demonstrate that the proposed method can accurately identify faults of different resistances and distances without requiring boundary devices, and is robust against noise disturbances (35 dB). © 2023 IEEE computer Society. All rights reserved.

关键词： Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm Modular multilevel converter Multi-terminal DC grid Non-unit protection Traveling wave

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