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Insight into mechanism of excellent visible-light photocatalytic activity of CuO/MgO/ZnO nanocomposite for advanced solution of environmental remediation

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Chemosphere 2024年 359卷 142224页

作者： Imran, Muhammad Raza, Mohsin Noor, Hadia Faraz, Sadia Muniza Raza, Ali Farooq, Umar Khan, Mohammad Ehtisham Ali, syed Kashif Bakather, Omer Y. Ali, Wahid Bashiri, Abdullateef H. Zakri, Waleed Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics University of Punjab Lahore54590 Pakistan Additive Manufacturing Institute Shenzhen University Shenzhen518060 China Department of Electronic Engineering NED University of Engineering & Technology Karachi75270 Pakistan Department of Chemistry The Islamia University of Bahawalpur Baghdad-ul-Jadeed Campus Bahawalpur63100 Pakistan Department of Chemical Engineering Technology College of Applied Industrial Technology Jazan University Jazan45142 Saudi Arabia Department of Physical Sciences Chemistry Division College of Science Jazan University P.O. Box. 114 Jazan45142 Saudi Arabia Nanotechnology Research Unit College of Science Jazan University P.O. Box. 114 Jazan45142 Saudi Arabia Chemical Engineering Department College of Engineering and Computer Sciences Jazan University Jazan45142 Saudi Arabia Department of Mechanical Engineering College of Engineering Jazan University P. O. Box 114 Jazan45142 Saudi Arabia

Environmental remediation has sought several innovative ways for the treatment of wastewater and captivated researchers around the globe towards it. Through this study, we aim to proceed with the efforts to foster sustainable and feasible ways for the treatment of wastewater. In this work, we report the sol-gel synthesis of CuO/MgO/ZnO nanocomposite and carry out their systematic characterization with the help of state-of-the-art analytical techniques, such as FTIR, SEM, TEM, PL, XRD, Raman, and AFM. The SEM along with TEM and AFM provided useful insights into the surface morphology of the synthesized nanocomposite on both 2D and 3D surfaces and concluded the well-dispersed behavior of the nanocomposite. The characteristic functional groups responsible for carrying out the reaction of Cu–O, Mg–O, and Zn–O were identified by FTIR spectroscopy. On the other hand, crystal size, dislocation density, and microstrain of the nanocomposite were calculated by XRD. For optical studies, photoluminescence spectroscopy was performed. Once the characterization of the nanocomposite was done, they were eventually treated against the toxic organic dye, methylene blue. The calculated rate constant values of k for CuO was 2.48 × 10−3 min−1, for CuO/MgO (2.04 × 10−3 min−1), for CuO/ZnO (1.82 × 10−3 min−1) and CuO/MgO/ZnO was found to be 2.00 × 10−3 min−1. It has become increasingly evident that nanotechnology can be used in various facets of modern life, and its implementation in wastewater treatment has recently received much attention. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Morphology

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Design and development of a weather monitoring satellite, CanSat 15

Design and development of a weather monitoring satellite, Ca...

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15th International Conference on Emerging Technologies, ICET 2019

作者： Islam, Tooba Noureen, Ayesha Mughal, Muhammad Rizwan Nadeem, M. Asim Institute of Space Technology Department of Electrical Engineering Islamabad Pakistan Sir Syed University of Engineering and Technology Department of Electronics Engineering Karachi Pakistan

ISBN: (纸本)9781728154039

Demand for compact, lightweight and low cost satellites is on continuous rise. One of the space models lying under these constraints is CanSat. This paper proposed a complete model of CanSat consisting of mechanical and electrical systems confined within a volume of a soda can with the exception of parachute. It is equipped with a parachute based recovery subsystem which is independent of burst altitude and can be recovered at any time. The proposed CanSat performs the primary mission of sensing the atmospheric parameters like temperature, pressure and altitude;and sending the real time parameters to the ground station GUI for display. It also performs the secondary mission of imagery and stores the images for future use. This paper also describes the ascent, descent velocities and payload calculations for a particular CanSat design. Pragmatically CanSat is a powerful device that provides a platform to realize the fundamental subsystems of an actual satellite. © 2019 IEEE.

关键词： Parachutes

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Insurematic : Gernalized framework for Insurance company to Automate Insurance process

Insurematic : Gernalized framework for Insurance company to ...

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International Conference on Information Science and Communication technology (ICISCT)

作者： Muhammad Kashif Shaikh Sellappan Palaniappan Touraj Khodadadi Muhammad Khurram Muhammad Hameez Khan Huzaifa Juzer Department of Information Technology Malaysia University of Engineering and Technology Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Department of Softwre Engineering Sir Syed University of Engineering and Technology Karachi Pakistan

ISBN: (数字)9781728168999

ISBN: (纸本)9781728169002

The insurance industry works on the principle of risk. Customer take out policies based on their assessment of a particularly bad thing happening to them, and insurers offer them cover based on their assessment of the cost of covering any claims. Automobile insurance, also called motor/vehicle insurance, is a contract between the owner or operator of a vehicle and the insurance company, which protects against financial loss incurred through damage to property or persons as the result of an accident or theft. The amount of premium depends on various factors such as insured declared value, type of the vehicle, life of the vehicle, fuel type, age of the insured, and others. Additionally, the type of automotive insurance also depends on the legal principles in effect in each country. Generally, automotive insurance provides coverage for property (damage to or theft of the vehicle), liability (legal responsibility of the owner or operator towards others for body injury or vehicle damage), and medical (cost of treating injuries, rehabilitation, and sometimes lost wages and funeral expenses). Automotive insurance policies are generally issues for the timeframe of six months or one year and are renewable. Therefore, it would benefit everyone if there were a way to more accurately assess risks. In the age of Data Analytics and Data engineering, using vehicle port OBD-II port is being introduced. However, the data which insurers were getting from telematics solution was not meant to be displayed to customers. Whereas with our solution and research each and every detail is supposed to be revealed to its customers and upon performing analysis on that data the behavior of driver can also be determined. The technology is based upon Internet of Things since it involves communication with internet and is a part of Internet of Things domain. Improvement of cutting edge data and correspondence frameworks, huge drop in the innovation cost of possession, and the need for advertise sepa

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Using eBus Services Solution, Book Anywhere to Save Time

Using eBus Services Solution, Book Anywhere to Save Time

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International Conference on Information Science and Communication technology (ICISCT)

作者： Muhammad Kashif Shaikh Sellappan Palaniappan Touraj Khodadadi Saniya Ali Fayyaz Ali Furqan Ali Department of Information Technology Malaysia University of Engineering and Technology Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Department of Softwre Engineering Sir Syed University of Engineering and Technology Karachi Pakistan

ISBN: (数字)9781728168999

ISBN: (纸本)9781728169002

now a day's people desire to travel from one city to another city in a convenient way, that save the time and according to their budget. Everyone wants to acquire the best solution within lesseffort. Traditionally, whenever people want to buy bus ticket they have to visit the bus terminal of different passenger carrier and for their turn in a long queue. There are also websites and apps of different passenger carrier for online ticket booking that are running separately people get confused to acquire the best one. Searching ticket from a different websites and apps is time taken. For this argumentation a pro efficient eBus Services System (EBS) is to be proposed in this paper to overcome these issues faced by passengers during transport reservation inside the nation. The system provides web and android application based structure that allows the guest to check eBus accessibility, make reservation and pay charges through online payment gateway. Which is stylish now a days. EBS will help population to reserve tickets of journeys and it also allows passengers to compare estimate fares, services of different service providers. Development of system is based on agile software development approach and Unified Modeling Language(UML). The idea is to gather all conveyor & agent and their services on one platform. So, the tourist can easily appoint and lined up according to them decide on. This entity will also present the functionality of tracking the bus, you can track the bus if your agnate, relatives makes a journey. This paper proposed eBus Services system. eBus Services was developed by using Bootstrap, server side scripting by using PHP, MYSQL, JQuery and JavaScript to make client end responsive and user friendly and AJAX to reduce load from server.

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A Survey on Large Language Models: Applications, Challenges, Limitations, and Practical Usage

TechRxiv

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TechRxiv 2025年

作者： Hadi, Muhammad Usman Al-Tashi, Qasem Qureshi, Rizwan Shah, Abbas Muneer, Amgad Irfan, Muhammad Zafar, Anas Shaikh, Muhammad Bilal Akhtar, Naveed Al-Garadi, Mohammed Ali Hassan, syed Zohaib Shoman, Maged Wu, Jia Mirjalili, Seyedali Shah, Mubarak School of Engineering Ulster University BelfastBT15 1AP United Kingdom Department of Imaging Physics The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center HoustonTX77030 United States Department of Electronics Engineering Mehran University of Engineering and Technology Jamshoro76062 Pakistan of Engineering Sciences and Technology Swabi23460 Pakistan Department of Computer Science National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences Karachi Pakistan Edith Cowan University 270 Joondalup Drive Joondalup PerthWA6027 Australia Computing and Information Systems The University of Melbourne 700 Swanston Street CarltonVIC3010 Australia Department of Biomedical Informatics Vanderbilt University Medical Center NashvilleTN United States Department of Civil Environmental and Construction Engineering The University of Central Florida OrlandoFL United States Centre for Artificial Intelligence Research and Optimization Torrens University Australia Fortitude Valley BrisbaneQLD4006 Australia University Research and Innovation Center Obuda University Budapest1034 Hungary Center for Research in Computer Vision The University of Central Florida OrlandoFL United States

Within the vast expanse of computerized language processing, a revolutionary entity known as Large Language Models (LLMs) has emerged, wielding immense power in its capacity to comprehend intricate linguistic patterns and conjure coherent and contextually fitting responses. LLMs are a type of artificial intelligence (AI) that have emerged as powerful tools for a wide range of tasks, including natural language processing (NLP), machine translation, vision applications, and question-answering. This survey provides a comprehensive overview of LLMs, including their history, architecture, datasets, training methods, applications, challenges, and future prospects. We begin by discussing the fundamental concepts of generative AI and the architecture of generative pre-trained transformers (GPT). We then provide an overview of the history of LLMs, their evolution over time, and the different training methods. We also present benchmark dataset for training and fine-tuning and evaluating LLMs. We then discuss the wide range of tasks where they are used and also discuss applications of LLMs in different domains, including medicine, education, finance, engineering, agriculture, media, entertainment, politics, and law. We also discuss how LLMs are shaping the future of AI and their increasing role in scientific discovery, and how they can be used to solve real-world problems. Next, we explore the challenges associated with deploying LLMs in real-world scenarios, including ethical considerations, model biases, interpretability, privacy concerns, and computational resource requirements. This survey also highlights techniques for enhancing the robustness and controllability of LLMs and addressing bias, fairness, and quality issues in Generative AI. Finally, we conclude by highlighting the future of LLM research and the challenges that need to be addressed in order to make this technology more reliable and useful. This survey is intended to provide researchers, practitioners, and ent

关键词： Natural language processing systems

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Optimal Long-Term Power Sector Planning for Pakistan Through Modelling of Base and Alternate Scenarios

Research Square

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Research Square 2020年

作者： Wahid, Hafsa Aman, Mohsin Arfeen, Asad Tunio, M.A. Sir Syed University of Engineering and Technology Pakistan Department of Electrical Engineering NED University of Engineering and Technology Karachi Pakistan NED University of Engineering and Technology Pakistan Mehran University of Engineering and Technology Pakistan

Background: Engineers, planners and economists model electricity system to forecast the demand and energy mix scenarios on the basis of different factors including economic, environmental and other aspects. The present study specifically concentrates on long-term electrical power sector planning for Pakistan up to 2040 while considering the effect of economic, technical, political and social factors. Methods: In this research, Long-range Energy Alternative Planning system (LEAP)® software is used to determine future electrical power demand and generation plan. Three different models are developed to predict the electricity demand of Pakistan including empirical model, econometric model and econometric model with linear regression. Generation plan is developed based on current government policies under baseline scenario. Baseline scenario has compared with alternate scenarios including delay in hydro, green energy source maximization and energy conservation for period from 2018-2040. Economic analysis has been performed by comparing different scenarios to investigate and quantify their economic benefits. Results: Electricity demand projected from the three models are found to be 470 TWh, 530 TWh and 230 TWh for 2040 which was 57.35 TWh in the base year 2004 and 94.47 TWh in 2017. Electricity generation projected for 2040 for Pakistan with econometric model with linear regression estimated to be 270 TWh which was 80.5 TWh in 2004 and 119.35 TWh in 2017. From the economic analysis, delay in hydro scenario was found to be the most expensive scenario with a total loss of 88 billion US dollars up to 2040. Green energy scenario and energy conservation scenario saves around 13 billion US dollar and 91 billion US dollar respectively. Cost based optimization scenario saves a huge cost of 461.7 billion US dollar compared to baseline scenario because of less running cost and negligible fuel import cost. Conclusion: The most suitable pathway for meeting the demand- supply gap of

关键词： Economic analysis

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q-RBFNN: A quantum calculus-based RBF neural network

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Saiq Hussain, syed Usman, Muhammad Hasan Masood Siddique, Taha Naseem, Imran Togneri, Roberto Bennamoun, Mohammed College of Engineering Karachi Institute of Economics and Technology Karachi Pakistan Department of Computer Engineering Chosun University Gwangju61452 Korea Republic of Department of Electronic Engineering NEDUET School of Electrical Electronic and Computer Engineering University of Western Australia Australia School of Computer Science and Software Engineering University of Western Australia Australia

—In this research a novel stochastic gradient descent based learning approach for the radial basis function neural networks (RBFNN) is proposed. The proposed method is based on the q-gradient which is also known as Jackson derivative. In contrast to the conventional gradient, which finds the tangent, the q-gradient finds the secant of the function and takes larger steps towards the optimal solution. The proposed q-RBFNN is analyzed for its convergence performance in the context of least square algorithm. In particular, a closed form expression of the Wiener solution is obtained, and stability bounds of the learning rate (step-size) is derived. The analytical results are validated through computer simulation. Additionally, we propose an adaptive technique for the time-varying q-parameter to improve convergence speed with no trade-offs in the steady state performance. The proposed time variant q-RBFNN has shown superior performance on the following tasks: (1) nonlinear system identification problem, (2) hammerstein model, (3) multiple input multiple output (MIMO) system, and (4) chaotic time series prediction. The MATLAB implementation of the proposed method is available at the author’s GitHub page (https://***/musman88/q-RBFNN). Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Radial basis function networks

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Optimizing Fire Safety: Reducing False Alarms Using Advanced Machine Learning Techniques

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Jamal, Muhammad Hassan Alazeb, Abdulwahab Bakhsh, Shahid Allah Boulila, Wadii Shah, syed Aziz Khattak, Aizaz Ahmad Khan, Muhammad Shahbaz Department of Computer Sciences Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad45320 Pakistan Department of Computer Science College of Computer Science and Information Systems Najran University Najran61441 Saudi Arabia Department of Cyber Security National University of Science & Technology Karachi75350 Pakistan College of Computer and Information Sciences Prince Sultan University Riyadh11586 Saudi Arabia Centre for Intelligent Healthcare Coventry University CoventryCVl 5FB United Kingdom School of Computing Engineering and the Built Environment Edinburgh Napier University EdinburghEHlO 5DT United Kingdom

Fire safety practices are important to reduce the extent of destruction caused by fire. While smoke alarms help save lives, firefighters struggle with the increasing number of false alarms. This paper presents a precise and efficient Weighted ensemble model for decreasing false alarms. It estimates the density, computes weights according to the high and low-density regions, forwards the high region weights to KNN and low region weights to XGBoost and combines the predictions. The proposed model is effective at reducing response time, increasing fire safety, and minimizing the damage that fires cause. A specifically designed dataset for smoke detection is utilized to test the proposed model. In addition, a variety of ML models, such as Logistic Regression (LR), Decision Tree (DT), Random Forest (RF), Nai:ve Bayes (NB), K-Nearest Neighbour (KNN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Adaptive Boosting (ADAB), have also been utilized. To maximize the use of the smoke detection dataset, all the algorithms utilize the SMOTE re-sampling technique. After evaluating the assessment criteria, this paper presents a concise summary of the comprehensive findings obtained by comparing the outcomes of all models. © 2025, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Smoke detectors

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Development and LQR Control of Prosthetic Leg Prototype for Human Gait 1

Development and LQR Control of Prosthetic Leg Prototype for ...

引用

1st International Conference on Electrical, Communication and computer engineering, ICECCE 2019

作者： Rashid, Abdullah Mahmood, A. Sir Syed CASE Institute of Technology Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Islamabad Pakistan

ISBN: (纸本)9781728138251

Physical disabilities cause great distress in daily routine of people especially for leg amputees as their movement is restricted. As a civilized society, it our responsibility to provide them with better prosthetics so they can live a normal life. Previously, prosthetic legs developed are either for lower leg amputees or the upper body is considered fixed. This paper models prosthetic leg with flexibility of movement to the upper body. The human walking gait is simulated in sim mechanics by modelling four body parts that assist during walk. These parts are the torso (upper body), hip, knee and ankle joint. The movement of the upper body and the leg is initiated by the movement of these four joints. The main goal of this paper is to allow flexibility and single degree of freedom to each joint modelled in sim mechanics. The movements of these joints are synchronized in such manner that overall stability of the body is maintained. The movement of these joints will be made with reference to positions achieved by original leg. These joints are responsible for walking gait, assisted by an optimal controller, which ensure speedy response of joint movement against final position and also reduce error between measured and desired states. Linear-quadratic regulator (LQR) is used as state-feedback controller to stabilize and control the whole model. A well-tuned weighting matrix of LQR controller helps to achieve desired response from the prosthetic leg. A comprehensive analysis of measured states from joint sensors and control inputs to Joint Actuators for the Prosthetic leg model is presented as part of research. The results achieved are within physically possible limits to replicate a perfect human walking gait. © 2019 IEEE.

关键词： Controllers

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TALEM(The Advanced Learning and Education Management) System with OBE(Outcome-based Education)

TALEM(The Advanced Learning and Education Management) System...

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2019 International Conference on Information Science and Communication technology, ICISCT 2019

作者： Mubeen, Tauseef Hussain, syed Khawar Aqeel, Fizza Computer Engineering Department SirSyed University of Engineering and Technology Karachi Pakistan

ISBN: (纸本)9781728104478

Being a developing country and one where the population is growing almost exponentially, all these sorts of problem like socio-economic problems present in Pakistan and also the underlying cause of these problems is the quality of education, with the help of quality education we can be able to break those strong bridges of social cycles of poverty. 'The Advanced Learning and Education Management System' (TALEM System) is amid to bridge the gap between our and international standard of education by providing an easy implementation of Outcome-Based Education (OBE) system and to accelerate integration of IT in the educational system of Pakistan by providing a modern campus management solution. Digitizing the attendance process, implementation of Augmented Reality to create better understanding of topics and real time bus tracking to ensure safety all these factors will improve the educational experience. We hope that efforts like TALEM System contribute in the development of the country. © 2019 IEEE.

关键词： Augmented reality

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