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EPDTNet + -EM: Advanced Transfer Learning and SubNet Architecture for Medical Image Diagnosis

Cognitive Computation 2025年第2期17卷 1-22页

作者： K, Dhivya K, Sangamithrai S, Indra Priyadharshini M, Vedaraj Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering SRM Institute of Science and Technology Tamilnadu Kattankulathur India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R & d Institute of Science and Technology Tamilnadu Chennai India School of Computer Science and Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology Chennai India Department of Computer Science and Engineering R.M.D. Engineering College RSM Nagar Tamilnadu Kavaraipettai Thiruvallur601206 India

This paper presents a novel medical imaging framework, Efficient Parallel Deep Transfer SubNet+-based Explainable Model (EPDTNet + -EM), designed to improve the detection and classification of abnormalities in medical images. The model integrates Enhanced Exponential Transfer Learning (En-ETL) and the Parallel SubNet (PSNet +) architecture, addressing challenges like overfitting, high computational cost, and limited generalization across complex datasets. En-ETL accelerates learning and enhances precision, while PSNet + balances computational efficiency and performance through parallel convolutional layers and an axis attention mechanism. The proposed framework preprocesses medical images using resizing, noise removal, and contrast enhancement, ensuring high-quality inputs for analysis. For classification, the PSNet + model categorizes medical images into normal and abnormal cases. Explainable AI (XAI) is applied to highlight key features in classified images, improving interpretability and clinical decision-making. Experimental results validate the framework on various datasets, including MRI, CT, X-ray, and mammography images. The proposed model achieves a classification accuracy of 98.83%, a false positive rate of 2%, and an execution time of 5.3 ms. Comparative Analysis show superior performance over existing approaches in classification accuracy and efficiency. Ablation studies confirmed the significant contributions of the proposed model using each component in enhancing performance. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Transfer learning

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Dual image based secured reversible data hiding scheme exploiting huffman compression tree combining bit-reversal permutation technique

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第9期84卷 5653-5698页

作者： Datta, Kankana Jana, Biswapati Chakraborty, Mamata Dalui Department of Computer Applications Haldia Institute of Technology HIT Campus Hatiberia Haldia Purba Medinipur West Bengal Haldia India Department of Computer Science Vidyasagar University West Bengal Midnapore India Department of Computer Science and Engineering National Institute of Technology West Bengal Durgapur India

In the area of data hiding and information security, the greater need is to ensure high embedding capacity of the stego media without hampering the visual quality while ensuring the tightest possible security. Now, it has become one of the biggest challenge to meet all these requirements. Embedding secret messages in dual images is one of the latest techniques that aims to cater such needs. However, there are very few data hiding schemes that are currently using dual images, but are suffering from several shortcomings, such as security loophole and poor visual quality with limited hiding capacity. In this paper, a dual image-based reversible data hiding scheme has been proposed where multiple bits can be embedded within a pair of pixels dynamically by Huffman compression where different pseudo codes are generated for different chunk of secret bits which are embedded by Bit-Reversal Permutation (BRP) and X-OR operations. Finally, pixels are interchanged between the dual images based on odd-even properties of the pixel values. The functional efficiency of the proposed scheme is evaluated by comparing the relevant parameters of different state-of-the-art schemes. It is established that the proposed scheme provides more than 64 dB PSNR value on average after embedding a maximum of 3, 27, 680 bits of secret data which ensures good visual quality and high embedding capacity as compared to other state-of-the-art schemes thereby benefitting innumerable applications across public and private sectors. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Pixels

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Multilevel chaotic encryption model with cyclic redundancy check for medical data

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Neural Computing and Applications 2025年第5期37卷 3581-3603页

作者： Sharma, Suvita Rani Singh, Birmohan Kaur, Manpreet Department of Computer Science and Engineering Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology Punjab Longowal148106 India Department of Electrical and Instrumentation Engineering Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology Punjab Longowal148106 India

In telemedicine applications, it is crucial to ensure the authentication, confidentiality, and privacy of medical data due to its sensitive nature and the importance of the patient information it contains. Communication through open networks is insecure and has many vulnerabilities, making it susceptible to unauthorized access and misuse. Encryption models are used to secure medical data from unauthorized access. In this work, we propose a bit-level encryption model having three phases: preprocessing, confusion, and diffusion. This model is designed for different types of medical data including patient information, clinical data, medical signals, and images of different modalities. Also, the proposed model is effectively implemented for grayscale and color images with varying aspect ratios. Preprocessing has been applied based on the type of medical data. A random permutation has been used to scramble the data values to remove the correlation, and multilevel chaotic maps are fused with the cyclic redundancy check method. A circular shift is used in the diffusion phase to increase randomness and security, providing protection against potential attacks. The CRC method is further used at the receiver side for error detection. The performance efficiency of the proposed encryption model is proved in terms of histogram analysis, information entropy, correlation analysis, signal-to-noise ratio, peak signal-to-noise ratio, number of pixels changing rate, and unified average changing intensity. The proposed bit-level encryption model therefore achieves information entropy values ranging from 7.9669 to 8.000, which is close to the desired value of 8. Correlation coefficient values of the encrypted data approach to zero or are negative, indicating minimal correlation in encrypted data. Resistance against differential attacks is demonstrated by NPCR and UACI values exceeding 0.9960 and 0.3340, respectively. The key space of the proposed model is 1096, which is substantially mor

关键词： Telemedicine

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Artificial intelligence-inspired comprehensive framework for desertification prediction

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International Journal of Cognitive Computing in engineering 2025年 6卷 462-476页

作者： Alsubai, Shtwai Mosleh, Mogeeb A.A. Al-Hadhrami, Suheer A. Bhatia, Munish College of Computer Engineering and Sciences Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University Alkharj Saudi Arabia Faculty of Engineering & Computing University of Science & Technology Aden Yemen Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology Taiz Univeristy Taiz Yemen Department of Computer Engineering College of Engineering Al Mukalla Hadhramout Yemen Department of Computer Applications National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra India

Desertification greatly affects land deterioration, farming efficiency, economic growth, and health, especially in Gulf nations. Climate change has worsened desertification, making developmental issues in the area even more difficult. This research presents an enhanced framework utilizing the Internet of Things (IoT) for ongoing monitoring, data gathering, and analysis to evaluate desertification patterns. The framework utilizes Bayesian Belief Networks (BBN) to categorize IoT data, while a low-latency processing method on edge computing platforms enables effective detection of desertification trends. The classified data is subsequently analyzed using an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) optimized with a Genetic Algorithm (GA) for forecasting decisions. Using cloud computing infrastructure, the ANN-GA model examines intricate data connections to forecast desertification risk elements. Moreover, the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model is employed to predict desertification over varied time intervals. Experimental simulations illustrate the effectiveness of the suggested framework, attaining enhanced performance in essential metrics: Temporal Delay (103.68 s), Classification Efficacy—Sensitivity (96.44 %), Precision (95.56 %), Specificity (96.97 %), and F-Measure (96.69 %)—Predictive Efficiency—Accuracy (97.76 %) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) (1.95 %)—along with Reliability (93.73 %) and Stability (75 %). The results of classification effectiveness and prediction performance emphasize the framework's ability to detect high-risk zones and predict the severity of desertification. This innovative method improves the comprehension of desertification processes and encourages sustainable land management practices, reducing the socio-economic impacts of desertification and bolstering at-risk ecosystems. The results of the study hold considerable importance for enhancing regional efforts in combating desertification, ensuring food security, and formulatin

关键词： Life on land Climate action Desertification Internet of things Artificial neural network

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Efficient breast cancer detection using neural networks and explainable artificial intelligence

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Neural Computing and Applications 2025年第5期37卷 3759-3776页

作者： Murugan, Tamilarasi Kathirvel Karthikeyan, Pritikaa Sekar, Pavithra School of Computer Science Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology Tamilnadu Chennai India

The growing dependence on deep learning models for medical diagnosis underscores the critical need for robust interpretability and transparency to instill trust and ensure responsible usage. This study investigates the efficacy of various explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) techniques in comprehending deep learning models utilized for breast cancer classification from down sampled histopathology images. A comparative assessment of multiple convolutional neural network (CNN) architectures, encompassing standard CNNs, ResNet, VGG-16, and VGG-19, on down sampled images was conducted. The primary goal is to pinpoint the model exhibiting the highest accuracy and subsequently employ three prominent XAI methods—LIME, SHAP, and Saliency Maps—to get insights into the top-performing model. This study identifies VGG-19 as the best-performing model with an accuracy of 92.59% and demonstrates that among various XAI techniques, LIME provides the most accurate and clinically relevant explanations for breast cancer classification from down sampled histopathology images. These findings, validated by medical professionals, enhance the interpretability and reliability of deep learning models in clinical settings, promoting their responsible integration into healthcare practices. This validation was further corroborated through consultation with medical professionals, including doctors specializing in breast cancer diagnosis. This research endeavors to deepen the understanding of the model’s rationale and instill confidence in its outputs. The outcomes of this study hold significant promise in elevating the interpretability and reliability of deep learning models tailored for breast cancer diagnosis, thus facilitating their responsible integration into clinical settings. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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Accurate Bias Stress Instability Measurements in High-Performance ITO FETs Using Modified On-the-Fly Technique

IEEE Electron Device Letters

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IEEE Electron Device Letters 2025年第5期46卷 864-867页

作者： Rahman, Md Sazzadur Sarkar, Arijit Silva, Dinuk R. De Harrison, Austin T. Kuo, Yu-Hsin Chen, Jiazheng Khan, Asif Islam Roy, Tania Duke University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering DurhamNC27708 United States Georgia Institute of Technology Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering AtlantaGA30332 United States

We report on Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) dual-gated field-effect transistors (DG-FETs) achieving a high ION of 1.2 mA/μ m at a gate overdrive, VOV of 2.5 V, with a top-gate effective oxide thickness of 0.85 nm. When stressed with VOV = 3.5 V, the devices exhibit ultralow threshold voltage shift (Δ Vth) of just 19 mV, as measured by the conventional measure-stress-measure (MSM) technique commonly used in the amorphous oxide semiconductor (AOS) community. However, employing a modified on-the-fly (OTF) method for reliability testing reveals a 500% increase in Δ Vth for the same ITO device, due to the Vth recovery occurring within milliseconds after stress is removed. This substantial difference, also observed in multiple devices, highlights the possible underreporting of threshold shifts in the MSM method due to fast Vth recovery. Thus, our results underscore the importance of recovery-analysis for reliability study of AOS devices and choosing OTF method for devices with fast recovery. Our study establishes a robust framework for measuring and understanding the root causes of Vth instabilities in ITO transistors. © 1980-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Tin oxides

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Tightening QC Relaxations of AC Optimal Power Flow Through Improved Linear Convex Envelopes

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IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 2025年第2期40卷 1465-1480页

作者： Narimani, Mohammad Rasoul Molzahn, Daniel K. Davis, Katherine R. Crow, Mariesa L. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering NorthridgeCA91330 United States Georgia Institute of Technology School of Electrical and Computer Engineering AtlantaGA30332 United States Texas A&M University Electrical and Computer Engineering Department College StationTX77840 United States Missouri University of Science and Technology Electrical and Computer Engineering Department RollaMO65409 United States

AC optimal power flow (AC OPF) is a fundamental problem in power system operations. Accurately modeling the network physics via the AC power flow equations makes AC OPF a challenging nonconvex problem. To search for global optima, recent research has developed various convex relaxations that bound the optimal objective values of AC OPF problems. The QC relaxation convexifies the AC OPF problem by enclosing the non-convex terms within convex envelopes. The QC relaxation's accuracy strongly depends on the tightness of these envelopes. This paper proposes two improvements for tightening QC relaxations of OPF problems. We first consider a particular nonlinear function whose projections are the nonlinear expressions appearing in the polar representation of the power flow equations. We construct a polytope-shaped convex envelope around this nonlinear function and derive convex expressions for the nonlinear terms using its projections. Second, we use sine and cosine expression properties, along with changes in their curvature, to tighten this convex envelope. We also propose a coordinate transformation to tighten the envelope by rotating power flow equations based on individual bus-specific angles. We compare these enhancements to a state-of-the-art QC relaxation method using PGLib-OPF test cases, revealing improved optimality gaps in 68% of the cases. © 1969-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Load flow optimization

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Implementation for Lightweight Deep Learning for Anomaly Detection and Denoising on Gravitational Waves

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IEEE Access 2025年 13卷 72442-72455页

作者： Mohith Niranjen, R.K. Yogesh, C. Vinodh, Anirudh Sureshkumar, Tharun Vatchala, S. Vellore Institute of Technology School of Computer Science and Engineering Chennai600127 India

As gravitational wave astronomy has advanced, the need for effective and quick signal processing has never been more critical. New detectors such as Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) produces huge volumes of data, which poses a significant challenge to identify genuine astrophysical events amidst transient noise. With this in view, this study proposes a new, efficient deep-learning architecture designed to process gravitational wave signals. Motivated by the WaveNet model, our method uses dilated convolutions to precisely model long-term dependencies in the data ensuring that subtle characteristics are captured. In addition, higher-order recurrent layers like Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM) networks are also used to precisely model temporal characteristics so that accuracy is preserved with enhanced anomaly detection and noise removal. Our experimental validation shows that this method has achieved a Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 0.00228, a Residual Signal Ratio (RSR) of 0.08798, a Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) of 33.34 dB, and an average volume error of 0.03965. These performance metrics show the framework’s ability to operate in real time with minimal computational overhead is a key requirement given the massive datasets involved in gravitational wave science. Also, by an explicit consideration of initial and boundary conditions, our scheme exhibits not only stability for the current missions but also scalability for future detection missions, like Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA), allowing these missions to enhance their sensitivity and reliability. Our study demonstrates the development of state-of-the-art deep learning methods to surmount the specific obstacles concerning gravitational wave detection, paving the way for real-time processing of astrophysical data and an improved understanding of the Universe. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Mean square error

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A QoS-based technique for load balancing in green cloud computing using an artificial bee colony algorithm

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Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Artificial Intelligence 2025年第2期37卷 307-342页

作者： Tabagchi Milan, Sara Jafari Navimipour, Nima Lohi Bavil, Hamed Yalcin, Senay Department of Computer Engineering Tabriz Branch Islamic Azad University Tabriz Iran Department of Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences Kadir Has University Istanbul Turkey Future Technology Research Center National Yunlin University of Science and Technology Douliou Taiwan Department of Computer Engineering University of Applied Sciences & Technology Tabriz Iran Department of Computer Engineering Nisantasi University Istanbul Turkey

Nowadays, high energy amount is being wasted by computing servers and personal electronic devices, which produce a high amount of carbon dioxide. Thus, it is required to decrease energy usage and pollution. Many applications are utilised by green computing to save energy. Scheduling of tasks acts as an important process to reach the mentioned goals. It is worth stating that the vital characteristic of task scheduling in green clouds is the load balancing of tasks on virtual machines. Efficient load balancing moves tasks from overloaded to underloaded virtual machines to maintain the Quality of Service (QoS). This issue is an NP-complete problem, so this research suggests a new technique based on the behavioural structure of artificial bee behaviour. This method aims to improve QoS while lowering energy usage in green computing. In addition, the honey bees are considered the removed tasks from overloaded virtual machines and a candidate for migrating selected tasks with the lowest priority. The CloudSim testing findings demonstrate that the technique is successful in QoS, makespan, and energy usage compared to other ways. © 2023 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

关键词： Cloud computing

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Cryptography with optimal deep learning-based authentication scheme for preserving anonymity in telecare medical information system

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第10期84卷 8311-8330页

作者： Sheik, Syed Amma Durai, Saleem School of Computer Science and Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology Tamil Nadu India

The Telecare Medicine Information System (TMIS) revolutionizes healthcare delivery by integrating medical equipment and sensors, facilitating proactive and cost-effective services. Accessible online, TMIS empowers patients and practitioners to manage medical data efficiently, ensuring timely care provision and streamlined record maintenance. Recognizing security challenges inherent in this interconnected healthcare landscape, researchers have devised a two-factor authentication solution, increasingly leveraging password-based authentication via smart cards. This article presents the development of a tailored remote authentication system, the Deep Learning-Based Online Threat Detection with Key Agreement (DLOTDKA-MAP), designed specifically for TMIS. Comprising two critical phases, the DLOTDKA-MAP framework employs an Arithmetic Optimization Algorithm (AOA) and Deep Belief Network (DBN) model in real-time online threat detection, ensuring swift identification and mitigation of potential security threats. The subsequent phase employs Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) with Schnorr's signature to establish secure data transmission among collaborating entities, preemptively addressing security breaches and ensuring mutual authentication. A comprehensive experimental study validates the presented DLOTDKA-MAP technique, showcasing its superiority over existing approaches and underscoring its role in advancing TMIS security infrastructure. Achieving remarkable performance values, includes an accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score of 98.57%, this research significantly contributes to safeguarding the confidentiality and integrity of medical data within TMIS, particularly in a federated cloud environment. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Authentication

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