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A Deep Learning based Ultra-Lightweight Architecture for Atrial Fibrillation Detection Using Single-Lead ECG Recordings

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IEEE Access 2025年 13卷 86474-86486页

作者： Khan, Abbas Mughal, Muhammad Rizwan Irtaza, Syed Ali Khan, Mohsin Tahir, Madiha Ali, Ahtisham Saeed, Zoraize Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Science and Technology Pakistan Sultan Qaboos University Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Muscat Oman Institute of Space Technology Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department Islamabad Pakistan FAST National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences Islamabad Pakistan

In this paper, we have proposed a novel deep-learning model to process electrocardiogram (ECG) signals from single-lead ECG device. This is achieved by using a hybrid of CNN (convolutional neural network) and LSTM (long short-term memory) neural netwrok, where CNN extracts localized features from ECG signals, while the LSTM network extract temporal relationships. Moreover, a filtering-based method is proposed to generate synthetic data to overcome the data imbalance posed by the publicly available PhysioNet/CinC Challenge 2017 dataset. Specifically, three distinct ECG filters: Neurokit, BioSPPy, and EngZeeMod are used to perform data augmentation. As depicted by the simulation results, the proposed model exhibits superior performance with an F1 score of 99.56% providing a gain of 102.25 dB in terms of model size and performance gain of 1.06% outperforming existing state-of-the-art method enabling cost-effective real-time diagnosis with an inference time of 0.48×10-3 secs. Atrial fibrillation (A-Fib), a common cardiac arrhythmia, is linked to serious complications like heart failure and stroke, which early diagnosis could prevent. However, its paroxysmal and often asymptomatic nature complicates detection. In this paper, we propose a novel deep-learning model for single-lead ECG signal analysis, combining a convolutional neural network (CNN) to extract localized features and a long short-term memory (LSTM) network to capture temporal dependencies. To address data imbalance in the PhysioNet/CinC Challenge 2017 dataset, we employ a filtering-based approach with Neurokit, BioSPPy, and EngZeeMod for synthetic data generation. Simulation results show the model achieves a 99.56% F1 score, a 102.25 dB gain in efficiency, a 1.06% performance gain over the state-of-the-art method, and real-time diagnosis with a 0.48×10-3 second inference time. These simulation results confirm the superior performance of the proposed model. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Electrocardiography

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Improved employee bee algorithm for team formation

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Evolving Systems 2025年第2期16卷 1-20页

作者： Shingade, Sandip Niyogi, Rajdeep Shelke, Sushila Department of Computer Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee Uttarakhand Roorkee247667 India Department of Computer Engineering and Information Technology Veermata Jijabai Technological Institute Matunga Maharashtra Mumbai400019 India Department of Computer Engineering Cummins College of Engineering for Women Karve Nagar Maharashtra Pune411052 India

Finding an appropriate subset of agents (a team) from a larger pool of agents (the source set) so that the team exhibits a desired quality is the essence of the team formation problem. This problem is recognized to have high computational complexity, classified as NP-hard. In order to reduce the state space, this research paper incorporates techniques including vertical and horizontal reductions, which convert data to binary representation. To simplify the data representation for analysis, these methods use vertical and horizontal reductions to convert data to binary format, generating a subgraph. With this, the Honeybee Optimization algorithm’s Employee Bee phase (EBP) swap operation characteristic is used to efficiently optimize team communication costs by making it easier to determine a team with a minimum communication costs (MCC). The proposed approach is assessed using two well-known real-world data sets, the ACM data set and the DBLP data set, demonstrating an improvement of 79% in the ACM dataset and 68% in the DBLP dataset compared to existing literature approaches like Improved Jaya Modified Swap Operation, Improved Grey Wolf Optimization, and State Space Reduction Techniques for Team Formation. This highlights the significant positive impact of state space reduction techniques combined with the IEB on team performance, particularly enhancing communication efficiency and overall team effectiveness, as measured by MCC metrics. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： NP-hard

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3-D AAV Deployment for Maximizing Harvested Energy in WRSNs: A Soft Actor-Critic Approach

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IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025年第9期12卷 12083-12093页

作者： Bhalerao, Nilesh Vijaykumar Mothku, Sai Krishna Raju, Mekala Ratna National Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli Department of Computer Science and Engineering Tiruchirappalli620015 India SRM University AP Department of Computer Science and Engineering Amaravati522240 India

Autonomous aerial vehicles (AAVs) with wireless power transfer (WPT) technology offer a promising solution to extend the lifetime of wireless rechargeable sensor networks (WRSNs) by swiftly recharging multiple sensor nodes. Existing strategies often prioritize optimizing the AAV trajectory and charging schedule. While overlooking diverse energy needs and spatial distribution of sensor nodes, many approaches rely on positioning the AAV at the center of the region above a fixed height. This also leads to potential energy wastage by unnecessarily recharging already adequately powered nodes near the AAV. A key challenge lies in optimizing the 3-D position of the AAV to maximize energy harvested by sensor nodes, considering their diverse energy demands and spatial distribution. To tackle this challenge, we propose a novel approach that jointly optimizes the 3-D deployment of the AAV and energy harvested by sensor nodes. We formulate this complex, nonconvex problem as a Markov decision process (MDP) and leverage deep reinforcement learning based on the soft actor-critic (SAC) algorithm to address it. The AAV learns to navigate continuous state and action spaces, enabling it to discover optimal hovering locations. Our novel reward function allows the AAV to prioritize energy-critical sensor nodes and regions with higher sensor node density, maximizing energy harvesting within limited hovering times. Simulation results demonstrate that our proposed method significantly outperforms conventional AAV deployment strategies, substantially improving sensor node energy levels and network sustainability. © 2014 IEEE.

关键词： Antennas

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Leveraging BERT, DistilBERT, and TinyBERT for Rumor Detection

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IEEE Access 2025年 13卷 72918-72929页

作者： Qazi, Aijazahamed Goudar, R.H. Patil, Rudragoud Hukkeri, Geetabai S. Kulkarni, Dhanashree Angadi Institute of Technology and Management Department of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science Belagavi591108 India Visvesvaraya Technological University Department of Computer Science and Engineering Belagavi590018 India KLS Gogte Institute of Technology Department of Computer Science and Engineering Belagavi590008 India Manipal Institute of Technology Bengaluru Manipal Academy of Higher Education Department of Computer Science and Engineering Karnataka Manipal576104 India Angadi Institute of Technology and Management Department of Computer Science and Engineering Belagavi591108 India

The rapid spread of false information on social media has become a major challenge in today’s digital world. This has created a need for an effective rumor detection system that can identify and control the spread of false information in real-time. The proposed work introduces a rumor detection system by integrating transformer-based models such as BERT, DistilBERT, and TinyBERT with traditional Machine Learning (ML) techniques. The classifiers include Decision Tree (DT), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF) and Naïve Bayes (NB) help in categorizing content as either rumor or non-rumor based on the patterns. The proposed work evaluated BERT, DistilBERT, TinyBERT combined with ML models (SVM, DT, RF, NB) across PHEME dataset using 70:30, 60:40, and 80:20 splits. Overall, BERT + DT and TinyBERT + SVM provided significant results, with BERT + RF and DistilBERT + NB demonstrating better classification capabilities across various events and split ratios on the dataset. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Tweets

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Cellular Automaton–Based Sentiment Analysis for Bipolar Classification of Reviews

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Complex Systems 2025年第1期34卷 29-57页

作者： Elizabeth, M.J. Chaudhuri, Parimal Pal Hazari, Raju Department of Computer Science and Engineering National Institute of Technology Kerala Calicut India Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur India

One of the main goals of sentiment analysis is to analyze human perception to continuously adapt to each person’s demands. The information gathered is structured to understand the mood or emotional tone of the reviews and comments. In every aspect of society, there is always an opportunity for opinions and suggestions from the public. So, the quality of the services provided by various resources can considerably increase if we can determine whether those thoughts are positive, negative or neutral. In this paper, we employ cellular automata (CAs) to categorize the reviews as positive or negative. The fundamental advantage of the suggested technique is that there is less need to be concerned about the linguistic characteristics of human languages. The proposed method performs better by leveraging a variety of parameters that are extracted by analyzing cycle length (CL) graphs generated using CL signals produced by elementary CAs (ECAs) without employing any form of pre-trained language model. We evaluated the effectiveness of the proposed cellular automaton–based machine learning (CAML) classifier by assessing certain parameters such as recall, precision, F1 score and accuracy. Our method achieves a maximum accuracy of 92.44% for the sentiment tweet dataset. We compared the proposed technique with all existing machine learning models, as well as recent methodologies employed in the field. The suggested method performs well in predicting the positive and negative classes of sentiments using CAs. © 2025, Complex Systems Publications, Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Emotion Recognition

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ResdenseNet: a lightweight dense ResNet enhanced with depthwise separable convolutions and its applications for early plant disease classification

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Neural Computing and Applications 2025年第8期37卷 6305-6326页

作者： Nagpal, Jyoti Goel, Lavika Department of Computer Science & Engineering The NorthCap University Gurugram122017 India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Malaviya National Institute of Technology Rajasthan Jaipur302017 India

In recent years, artificial intelligence has undergone robust development, leading to the emergence of numerous autonomous AI applications. However, a crucial challenge lies in optimizing computational efficiency and reducing training time while maintaining high accuracy with limited hardware resources. This paper introduces ResdenseNet, a model built upon the MobileNet, DenseNet, and ResNet architectures. ResdenseNet combines dense blocks and residual blocks from the DenseNet and ResNet architectures. In these dense blocks, the standard convolutional units are replaced by depthwise separable convolutional units, a significant part of the MobileNet architecture. The experimental outcomes are contrasted with established models and their iterations, including ResNet-50, ResNet-101, MobileNet-V1, MobileNet-V2, DenseNet-121, and DenseNet-169. The proposed model is tested on benchmark and proposed datasets, showcasing its efficiency in reducing computations and accelerating the training process. Emphasizing hyperparameter importance, ResdenseNet, optimized with a growth rate of 64, 6 layers, and ReLU activation, achieves an accuracy of (98.73%) and a F1-score of (98.20%) on the wheat and barley dataset. The results indicate that ResdenseNet significantly decreases the number of parameters to 0.72M and efficiently shortens training time to 5983.54 s. Particularly noteworthy is ResdenseNet’s superiority over other models in terms of having the fewest parameters, the shortest training time, and the highest accuracy, especially when dealing with wheat, barley, and maize datasets. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Plant diseases

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Multi-label, Classification-based Prediction of Breast Cancer Metastasis Directions

IAENG International Journal of Computer Science

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IAENG International Journal of computer Science 2025年第1期52卷 1-10页

作者： Wang, Tingting Fan, Qi Tan, Liang Zhang, Beier School of Computer and Software Engineering Anhui Institute of Information Technology China School of Computer Science and Technology Huaibei Normal University China School of Computer and Software Engineering Anhui Institute of Information Technology China School of Computer Science and Technology Huaibei Normal University China

Predicting the metastatic direction of primary breast cancer (BC), thus assisting physicians in precise treatment, strict follow-up, and effectively improving the prognosis. The clinical data of 293,946 patients with primary BC diagnosed between 2010 and 2015 were collected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Multiple interpolations and Multi-label Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique methods were used for data analysis, and machine learning model was established for multi-label classification. Finally, Surgical information, lymph node status, distant metastasis, tumor size, chemotherapy, histological type, and radiotherapy had significant influence as inputs. Compared with the k-nearest neighbor model, average accuracies of the decision tree and random forest (RF) models increased from 88.84% to 93.59% and 94.14%, respectively. Their average precision, recall rate, F1 score, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve and weighted-F1 increased from 87.24% to 95.85% and 94.74%, 87.73% to 90.40% and 91.76%, 87.07% to 92.16% and 93.45%, 97.11% to 99.53% and 99.95%, 82.13% to 89.44% and 90.48%, respectively. In conclusion, the RF model, which showed the best performance, can be used in multi-label prediction of BC metastasis directions, and can assist physicians in diagnosing and treating patients with primary BC. © (2025), (International Association of Engineers). All rights reserved.

关键词： Lung cancer

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A user-adaptive privacy-preserving authentication of IoMT using zero knowledge proofs with ECC

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年 1-32页

作者： Misra, Garima Hazela, Bramah Chaurasia, Brijesh Kumar Department of Computer Science and Engineering Amity School of Engineering and Technology Lucknow Amity University Uttar Pradesh India Department of Computer Science & Engineering Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology Utter Pradesh Kanpur India

The Internet of Things (IoT) has developed into a crucial component for meeting the connection needs of the current smart healthcare systems. The Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) consists of medical devices that are connected to patients in order to sense their medical parameters and exchange that information with healthcare professionals so they can deliver remote healthcare services. The need to protect the patient’s private information from being misused makes IoMT security an urgent issue that merits further study. Elliptic Curve cryptography (ECC), a popular substitute for traditional public key encryption like RSA, has several advantages. ECC is a prime contender for implementation on constrained devices with confined memory and speed, as well as wireless communication protocols that use low power like IoMT environment. The economic complexity of the current security protocols makes them inappropriate, hence new security protocols must be developed for resource-constrained and diverse IoT networks. This work suggests an authenticated key agreement protocol for the IoMT that is based on elliptic curve encryption based zero-knowledge proof (ZKP) protocols. The proposed mechanism completes in order of milliseconds up to 300 ms for 160 bits. The research will include the comparison between computational delays in traditional protocols and ZKP-ECC protocol. This paper provides a protocol to obtain privacy of data in IoMT environment on the basis of zero knowledge phenomenon and anonymous communication by ZKP-ECC. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Authentication Protocol

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Automated Parkinson’s Disease Diagnosis Using Decomposition Techniques and Deep Learning for Accurate Gait Analysis

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IEEE Access 2025年 13卷 74078-74091页

作者： Jeba Priya, S. Anand Deva Durai, C. Subathra, M.S.P. Thomas George, S. Jeyabose, Andrew Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences Department of Computer Science and Engineering Tamil Nadu Coimbatore India King Khalid University College of Computer Science Department of Computer Science Abha Saudi Arabia Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences Department of Biomedical Engineering Tamil Nadu Coimbatore India Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences Department of Robotics Engineering Tamil Nadu Coimbatore India Manipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal Institute of Technology Department of Computer Science and Engineering Karnataka Manipal India

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a prevalent neurological disorder that significantly impacts posture and gait, leading to movement abnormalities due to malfunctions in the brain and nervous system. Gait signals are essential for identifying PD, and various techniques have been employed for classification, with a focus on spatiotemporal factors. Additionally, cognitive monitoring systems for PD symptoms have been developed. Recent advancements involve decomposing gait signals using techniques such as empirical mode decomposition (EMD), empirical wavelet transform (EWT), and variational mode decomposition (VMD) to streamline data for improved computational efficiency. Machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) algorithms are widely used to enhance classification accuracy. This study integrates decomposition techniques with ML algorithms such as support vector machines (SVMs), artificial neural networks (ANNs), decision trees (DTs), and k-nearest neighbors (k-NNs), as well as DL algorithms such as long short-term memory (LSTM), bidirectional long short-term memory (LSTM), and convolutional neural networks (CNNs), for PD classification. The combination of VMD with the 1D-CNN achieved the highest accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity, with values of 99.1 %, 100 %, and 100 %, respectively. This finding suggests a promising approach for further research in this field. The optimized VMD-1D-CNN combination demonstrated significant potential for accurately diagnosing PD based on gait dynamics. The successful application of these methods highlights the importance of advanced signal processing techniques in improving the detection and management of neurological disorders. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Wavelet decomposition

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Weighted rank aggregation based on ranker accuracies for feature selection

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Soft Computing 2025年第4期29卷 1981-2001页

作者： Abdolrazzagh-Nezhad, Majid Kherad, Mahdi Faculty of Engineering Department of Computer Engineering Bozorgmehr University of Qaenat Qaen Iran Department of Computer Science Faculty of Computer and Industrial Engineering Birjand University of Technology Birjand Iran Faculty of Engineering Department of Computer Engineering University of Qom Qom Iran

Rank aggregation is the combination of several ranked lists from a set of candidates to achieve a better ranking by combining information from different sources. In feature selection problem, due to the heterogeneity of methods, there are some base rankers (Filter-based methods) that are of diverse quality and usually the ground truth of ratings is not available. Existing rank aggregation methods that take the diverse quality of base rankers into account do not have any explicit approach for appropriate weighting, require prior assumptions, and suffers from high computational complexity. In this paper, to overcome these challenges, an efficient unsupervised method is introduced for estimating the base rankers’ qualities and aggregating the rankers based on the estimated weights. We first compute the ratio of disagreement between base rankers in ordering different element pairs and then estimate the accuracies in a way that to minimize the discrepancy between these computed ratios and their analytical counterparts. We use the weighted majority voting method for obtaining the aggregated results. To resolve the probable inconsistencies in the final aggregation, the result is formed as a graph, and a greedy algorithm is used to find an acyclic subgraph with the highest weigh. To demonstrate the performance of the proposed method, nine standard UCI datasets are used. The obtained results by the proposed method have higher values of classifier measures than the existing baseline Feature Selection methods and rank aggregation-based multi-filter methods in the most datasets. The experiments show that rank aggregation-based Feature Selection methods outperform individual methods. The proposed method also shows the weight of each Filter-based Feature Selection method, in which the MRMR method has a higher weight than other methods. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Wiener filtering

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