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Underwater object detection based on enhanced YOLOv4 architecture

Multimedia Tools and Applications 2024年第18期83卷 53759-53783页

作者： Liu, Ching-Hua Lin, Chang Hong Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taiwan

Object detection and image restoration pose significant challenges in deep learning and computer vision. These tasks are widely employed in various applications, and there is an increasing demand for specialized environments where images are prone to blur or noise, which can adversely affect subsequent results. In recent years, significant breakthroughs have been achieved in object detection performance. While some previously proposed methods prioritize high accuracy at the cost of longer inference times, others prioritize speed. Therefore, it is crucial to design an efficient network architecture that maintains both inference speed and high accuracy. This research proposes a network architecture for underwater object detection with an attention mechanism. The proposed approach differentiates itself from other methods by employing a deblurring network as a preprocessing step to restore and enhance the image quality of the underwater dataset. Additionally, in the feature extraction stage of the detection network, channel and spatial feature information are individually enhanced. These adaptive attention features are then integrated into a multi-scale feature fusion. Finally, the cross-stage local method is combined to improve the learning ability of the convolutional neural network while reducing the size of the model. Based on the experimental results, our proposed model architecture achieves leading accuracy and strikes a favorable balance in terms of model size compared to previously proposed methods. Based on our structure, the metrics of AP and AP50 reach 66.8 and 87.6, respectively. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2023.

关键词： Image reconstruction

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Noninvasive estimation of blood potassium concentration using ECG and FCM-ANFIS model

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Research on Biomedical engineering 2024年第3-4期40卷 647-658页

作者： Samandari, Zeynab Molaeezadeh, Seyyedeh Fatemeh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Jundi-Shapur University of Technology Dezful Iran

Purpose: Potassium imbalance, often symptomless but potentially fatal, is prevalent in patients with kidney or heart conditions. Traditional laboratory tests for potassium measurement are costly and require skilled technicians. Additionally, phlebotomy is challenging and painful for high-risk patients. To address these issues, this study proposes a noninvasive and bloodless approach that leverages the electrocardiogram (ECG) signal, which may be sensitive to potassium changes. The research introduces a data-driven framework for ECG-based potassium measurement. Methods: The proposed framework comprises five main components: Cohort Selection—Among 461,178 patients in the ECG-ViEW II database, those with simultaneous ECG, Age-adjusted Charlson Comorbidity Index (ACCI), and potassium measurements within a 5-min interval are chosen;Data Labeling—Three labels—hypokalemia, normal, and hyperkalemia—are defined;Feature Extraction—Relevant features such as RR interval, PR interval, QRS duration, QT interval, QTc interval, P axis, QRS axis, T axis, and ACCI are extracted;Feature Selection—The Kruskal–Wallis technique evaluates feature importance and selects discriminative ones;and Model Design—An ANFIS model based on FCM clustering (FCM-ANFIS) is developed using the selected features. Results: Among the 42 patients selected during cohort filtering, T axis demonstrated significant association with potassium levels (P © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to The Brazilian Society of Biomedical engineering 2024.

关键词： Electrocardiograms

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Correlation Attention Registration Based on Deep Learning from Histopathology to MRI of Prostate

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Critical Reviews in Biomedical engineering 2024年第2期52卷 39-50页

作者： Wang, Xue Song, Zhili Zhu, Jianlin Li, Zhixiang School of Computer Science and Information Engineering Shanghai Institute of Technology Shanghai201418 China

Deep learning offers a promising methodology for the registration of prostate cancer images from histopathology to MRI. We explored how to effectively leverage key information from images to achieve improved end-to-end registration. We developed an approach based on a correlation attention registration framework to register segmentation labels of histopathology onto MRI. The network was trained using paired prostate datasets of histopathology and MRI from the Cancer Imaging Archive. We introduced An L2-Pearson correlation layer to enhance feature matching. Furthermore, our model employed an enhanced attention regression network to distinguish between key and nonkey features. For data analysis, we used the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test and a one-sample t-test, with the statistical significance level for the one-sample t-test set at 0.001. Compared with two other models (ProsRegNet and CNNGeo), our model exhibited improved performance in Dice coefficient, with increases of 9.893% and 2.753%, respectively. The Hausdorff distance was reduced by approximately 50% and 50%, while the average label error (ALE) was reduced by 0.389% and 15.021%. The proposed improved multimodal prostate registration framework demonstrated high performance in statistical analysis. The results indicate that our enhanced strategy significantly improves registration performance and enables faster registration of histopathological images of patients undergoing radical prostatectomy to preoperative MRI. More accurate registration can prevent over-diagnosing low-risk cancers and frequent false positives due to observer differences. © 2023 by Begell House, Inc.

关键词： Magnetic resonance imaging

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Hybrid approaches for handling imbalanced structured and unstructured data

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2024年 1-23页

作者： Akshay, M. Manu, Rishabh Raj, Rishika Suhas, K.T. Shobha, K. Department of Computer Science and Engineering Siddaganga Institute of Technology B.H Road Karnataka Tumkur572102 India

With their limitless potential for highly accurate decision-making behaviors, machine learning algorithms have emerged to influence the world of information systems. Algorithms designed for structured and unstructured data sets do not produce good results if the data set has an uneven distribution of classes (imbalanced), this is because these algorithms are designed and developed to generalize from training data samples and to produce the most accessible hypothesis that fits the data. Uneven distribution of classes in the training stage gives a low precision on the minority class(es) but a high accuracy on the majority class(es) resulting in high-cost losses or even catastrophes. To overcome this inevitability, this work aims to propose hybrid balancing techniques. Proposed hybrid approaches have been empirically evaluated on both structured and unstructured imbalanced data sets. Empirical results have shown that the proposed hybrid approaches have outperformed state-of-the-art techniques by achieving improved mean recall rates of 40% and 20% on Pima diabetes and Cerebral stroke structured data sets respectively. The proposed method has also outperformed in balancing unstructured data by generating minority class data with the similarity (measured using Structural Similarity Index Measure (SSIM)) ranging between 25%-60% on MNSIT and Fashion-MNIST data sets. The resultant balanced dataset is further evaluated using conventional classification algorithms, where the outcomes on balanced dataset have shown a performance improvement of 10% compared to imbalanced data. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Generative adversarial networks

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Optimized Consensus for Blockchain in Internet of Things Networks via Reinforcement Learning

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Tsinghua Science and technology 2023年第6期28卷 1009-1022页

作者： Yifei Zou Zongjing Jin Yanwei Zheng Dongxiao Yu Tian Lan Institute of Intelligent Computing School of Computer Science and TechnologyShandong UniversityQingdao 266237China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering George Washington UniversityWashingtonDC 20052USA

Most blockchain systems currently adopt resource-consuming protocols to achieve consensus between miners;for example,the Proof-of-Work(PoW)and Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerant(PBFT)schemes,which have a high consumption of computing/communication resources and usually require reliable communications with bounded ***,these protocols may be unsuitable for Internet of Things(IoT)networks because the IoT devices are usually lightweight,battery-operated,and deployed in an unreliable wireless ***,this paper studies an efficient consensus protocol for blockchain in IoT networks via reinforcement ***,the consensus protocol in this work is designed on the basis of the Proof-of-Communication(PoC)scheme directly in a single-hop wireless network with unreliable communications.A distributed MultiAgent Reinforcement Learning(MARL)algorithm is proposed to improve the efficiency and fairness of consensus for miners in the blockchain *** this algorithm,each agent uses a matrix to depict the efficiency and fairness of the recent consensus and tunes its actions and rewards carefully in an actor-critic framework to seek effective *** results from the simulation show that the fairness of consensus in the proposed algorithm is guaranteed,and the efficiency nearly reaches a centralized optimal solution.

关键词： consensus in blockchain Proof-of-Communication(PoC) MultiAgent Reinforcement Learning(MARL) Internet of Things(IoT)networks

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BDPartNet: Feature Decoupling and Reconstruction Fusion Network for Infrared and Visible Image

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computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第6期79卷 4621-4639页

作者： Xuejie Wang Jianxun Zhang Ye Tao Xiaoli Yuan Yifan Guo Department of Computer Science and Engineering Chongqing University of TechnologyChongqing400054China Liangjiang Institute of Artificial Intelligence Chongqing University of TechnologyChongqing400054China

While single-modal visible light images or infrared images provide limited information,infrared light captures significant thermal radiation data,whereas visible light excels in presenting detailed texture ***-bining images obtained from both modalities allows for leveraging their respective strengths and mitigating individual limitations,resulting in high-quality images with enhanced contrast and rich texture *** capabilities hold promising applications in advanced visual tasks including target detection,instance segmentation,military surveillance,pedestrian detection,among *** paper introduces a novel approach,a dual-branch decomposition fusion network based on AutoEncoder(AE),which decomposes multi-modal features into intensity and texture information for enhanced *** contrast enhancement module(CEM)and texture detail enhancement module(DEM)are devised to process the decomposed images,followed by image fusion through the *** proposed loss function ensures effective retention of key information from the source images of both *** comparisons and generalization experiments demonstrate the superior performance of our network in preserving pixel intensity distribution and retaining texture *** the qualitative results,we can see the advantages of fusion details and local *** the quantitative experiments,entropy(EN),mutual information(MI),structural similarity(SSIM)and other results have improved and exceeded the SOTA(State of the Art)model as a whole.

关键词： Deep learning feature enhancement computer vision

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An efficient secure channel establishment through lightweight key distribution in e-health communication systems

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第11期84卷 9111-9131页

作者： Ebrahimi, Iman Nikooghadam, Morteza Department of Computer Engineering and Information Technology Imam Reza International University Mashhad Iran

E-healthcare has significantly improved healthcare services and overall health by utilizing digital technologies such as the internet, computers, and mobile devices. However, secure communication channels play a critical role in ensuring the safety and confidentiality of patients' information. Consequently, several user authentication and key agreement protocols have been developed to address this issue. Although numerous proposed protocols are robust against security attacks, researchers have reported vulnerabilities. In this study, we evaluate one such protocol and identify vulnerabilities to insider attacks, server impersonation attacks, and replay attacks. To address these vulnerabilities, we propose a two-factor mutual authentication and key agreement scheme that offers a secure, efficient, and effective solution with low computation cost, enhanced security, and superior performance against diverse security attacks. Our proposed technique guarantees the integrity, confidentiality, and availability of patient information while ensuring the authenticity of users during communication. We conducted thorough comparisons focusing on the practical implementation of ARM microcontrollers to assess computation efficiency. The total estimated execution time of our proposed scheme for registration and authentication phases is approximately 975.8 µs, which is the shortest among all related works. This finding illustrates that our proposed scheme is well-suited for applications in e-health, telemedicine, and healthcare systems. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Authentication

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Deploying On-Device AIGC Inference Services in 6G via Optimal MEC-Device Offloading

IEEE Networking Letters

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IEEE Networking Letters 2024年第4期6卷 232-236页

作者： Zhou, Changshi Liu, Weiqi Han, Tao Ansari, Nirwan New Jersey Institute of Technology Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering NewarkNJ07102 United States Auburn University at Montgomery Department of Computer Science and Computer Information Systems MontgomeryAL36117 United States

From AI-assisted art creation to large language model (LLM)-powered ChatGPT, AI-generated contents and services are becoming a transforming force. It calls for the telecom industry to embrace the prospects of AIGC services and face the unique challenges posed by incorporating generative model services into the AI-native 6G wireless network paradigm. We propose enabling AIGC inference services on mobile devices by optimizing MEC-device computing offloading, through which AIGC task latency is minimized by reinforcement learning based policy agent in a computing resource constrained and bandwidth limited wireless environment. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the performance advantage. © 2019 IEEE.

关键词： Reinforcement learning

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E-voting system using cloud-based hybrid blockchain technology

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Journal of Safety Science and Resilience 2024年第1期5卷 102-109页

作者： Beulah Jayakumari S Lilly Sheeba Maya Eapen Jani Anbarasi Vinayakumar Ravi A.Suganya Malathy Jawahar Department of Information Technology Tagore Engineering College Chennai India School of Computer Science and Engineering SRM Institute of Science and Technology Ramapuram ChennaiIndia Department of Information Technology Jerusalem College of Engineering ChennaiIndia School of Computer Science and Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology Chennai India Center for Artificial Intelligence Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd UniversityKhobarSaudi Arabia Leather Process Technology Division CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute ChennaiIndia

With the invention of Internet-enabled devices,cloud and blockchain-based technologies,an online voting system can smoothly carry out election *** pandemic situations,citizens tend to develop panic about mass gatherings,which may influence the decrease in the number of *** urges a reliable,flexible,transparent,secure,and cost-effective voting *** proposed online voting system using cloud-based hybrid blockchain technology eradicates the flaws that persist in the existing voting system,and it is carried out in three phases:the registration phase,vote casting phase and vote counting phase.A timestamp-based authentication protocol with digital signature validates voters and candidates during the registration and vote casting *** smart contracts,third-party interventions are eliminated,and the transactions are secured in the blockchain ***,to provide accurate voting results,the practical Byzantine fault tolerance(PBFT)consensus mechanism is adopted to ensure that the vote has not been modified or ***,the overall performance of the proposed system is significantly better than that of the existing *** performance was analyzed based on authentication delay,vote alteration,response time,and latency.

关键词： E-voting Cloud Blockchain Smart contract Consensus mechanism

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A Comparative Study on the Properties of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites Developed by Hand Layup and Vacuum Bagging Molding Techniques

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Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series D 2024年第1期106卷 263-275页

作者： Amar, Thakur Abhinav Kumar, Amit Yadav, D.K. Department of Production and Industrial Engineering Birla Institute of Technology Jharkhand Mesra Ranchi835215 India Department of Mechanical Engineering National Institute of Technology Bihar Patna800005 India Department of Computer Science and Engineering National Institute of Technology Jharkhand Jamshedpur831014 India

The present study addressed the fabrication of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites using two different techniques: manual layup and vacuum bagging molding. The purpose was to compare their unique properties. CFRP composites employ woven roving mat carbon fiber as a reinforcing material, combined with an epoxy matrix consisting of Araldite and hardener. The resin to fiber ratio has been maintained at a 1:1 ratio, while the resin to hardener ratio has been maintained at a 10:1 ratio by weight. Various stacking sequences of carbon/epoxy composites (0/90) were made using both approaches. Optimization of several process parameters was carried out to enhance the mechanical properties of the polymer composites. Every laminate was composed of four to eight layers. Various carbon/epoxy composite orientations were subjected to testing until failure using a universal testing machine, in accordance with the relevant applicable standards (ASTM-D3039), in order to determine the ultimate tensile strength, % elongation (or ductility), and elastic constant. Furthermore, the adhesion intensity between the fiber and resin was assessed by conducting microstructural studies using a scanning electron microscope. The results demonstrated that the samples fabricated using the vacuum bagging mold technique exhibited superior tensile strength compared to the samples fabricated using the hand layup approach. © 2024, The Institution of Engineers (India).

关键词： Resins

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