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Magnetic-free nonreciprocal photonic platform based on time-modulated graphene capacitors

Physical Review B 2018年第16期98卷 165428-165428页

作者： D. Correas-Serrano A. Alù J. S. Gomez-Diaz Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California Davis One Shields Avenue Kemper Hall 2039 Davis California 95616 USA Photonics Initiative Advanced Science Research Center City University of New York 85 St. Nicholas Terrace New York City New York 10031 USA Physics Program Graduate Center City University of New York New York New York 10016 USA and Department of Electrical Engineering City College of the City University of New York New York New York 10031 USA

We propose a paradigm for the realization of nonreciprocal photonic devices based on time-modulated graphene capacitors coupled to photonic waveguides, without relying on magneto-optic effects. The resulting hybrid graphene-dielectric platform is low loss, silicon compatible, robust against graphene imperfections, scalable from terahertz to near-infrared frequencies, and it exhibits large nonreciprocal responses using realistic biasing schemes. We introduce an analytical framework based on solving the eigenstates of the modulated structure and on spatial coupled mode theory, unveiling the physical mechanisms that enable nonreciprocity and enabling a quick analysis and design of optimal isolator geometries based on synthetic linear and angular momentum bias. Our results, validated through harmonic-balance full-wave simulations, confirm the feasibility of the introduced low-loss (<3 dB) platform to realize large photonic isolation through various mechanisms, such as narrow-band asymmetric band gaps and interband photonic transitions that allow multiple isolation frequencies and large bandwidths. We envision that this technology may pave the wave to magnetic-free, fully integrated, and CMOS–compatible nonreciprocal components with wide applications in photonic networks and thermal management.

关键词： Photonics Plasmonics Graphene Waveguides Lorentz symmetry

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Broadening participation in computing: A critical perspective

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ACM Inroads 2016年第4期7卷 49-51页

作者： Bobb, Kamau Program Officer National Science Foundation Directorate of Computer and Information Science and Engineering 4201 Wilson Boulevard ArlingtonVA22230 United States

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Network Topology Mapping from Partial Virtual Coordinates and Graph Geodesics

arXiv

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arXiv 2017年

作者： Jayasumana, Anura P. Paffenroth, Randy Ramasamy, Sridhar Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering Colorado State University Fort CollinsCO80525 Department of Mathematical Sciences Department of Computer Science Data Science Program Worcester Polytechnic Institute WorcesterMA01609

For many important network types (e.g., sensor networks in complex harsh environments and social networks) physical coordinate systems (e.g., Cartesian), and physical distances (e.g., Euclidean), are either difficult to discern or inappropriate. Accordingly, Topology Preserving Maps (TPMs) derived from a Virtual-Coordinate (VC) system representing the distance to a small set of anchors is an attractive alternative to physical coordinates for many network algorithms. Herein, we present an approach, based on the theory of low-rank matrix completion, to recover geometric properties of a network with only partial information about the VCs of nodes. In particular, our approach is a combination of geodesic recovery concepts and low-rank matrix completion, generalized to the case of hop-distances in graphs. Distortion evaluated using the change of distance among node pairs shows that even with up to 40% to 60% of random coordinates missing, accurate TPMs can be obtained. TPM generation can now also be based on different context appropriate VC systems or measurements as long as they characterize each node with distances to a small set of random nodes (instead of a global set of anchors). The proposed method is a significant generalization that allows the topology to be extracted from a random set of graph geodesics, making it applicable in contexts such as social networks where VC generation may not be *** Codes 15A83 Copyright © 2017, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Sensor networks

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Tissue tropisms of avian influenza A viruses affect their spillovers from wild bird to domestic swine

Tissue tropisms of avian influenza A viruses affect their sp...

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作者： Xiaojian Zhang Fred L.Cunningham Lei Li Katie Hanson-Dorr Alicia Olivier Liyuan Liu Brandon S.Schmit Minhui Guan Jacqueline M.Nolting Andrew S.Bowman Mia Kim Torchetti Thomas J.DeLiberto Xiu-Feng Wan Missouri University Center for Research on Influenza Systems Biology (CRISB) University of Missouri Bond Life Sciences Center University of Missouri Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology School of Medicine University of Missouri Department of Basic Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine Mississippi State University Mississippi Field Station National Wildlife Research Center Wildlife Services Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service U.S. Department of Agriculture Department of Population and Pathobiology College of Veterinary Medicine Mississippi State University National Wildlife Disease Program Wildlife Services Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service U.S. Department of Agriculture Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine The Ohio State University National Veterinary Services Laboratories Veterinary Services U.S. Department of Agriculture Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science College of Engineering University of Missouri Department of Pathobiology College of Veterinary Medicine University of Missouri MU Informatics Institute University of Missouri

Having both avian-like receptors (?±2,3-linked sialic acid, SA2,3Gal) and human-like receptors (?±2,6-linked sialic acid, SA2,6Gal), swine are proposed as??úmixing vessel??ùfor generating influenza pandemic strains. Laboratory experiments suggested all HA subtypes of influenza A virus (IAV) can infect swine. However, only sporadic cases of avian

关键词： Tissue tropisms of avian influenza A viruses affect their spillovers from wild bird to domestic swine

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Ultrafast magnetic switching of GdFeCo with electronic heat currents

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Physical Review B 2017年第18期95卷 180409(R)-180409(R)页

作者： R. B. Wilson Jon Gorchon Yang Yang Charles-Henri Lambert Sayeef Salahuddin Jeffrey Bokor Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science & Engineering Program University of California Riverside California 92521 USA Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences University of California Berkeley California 94720 USA Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 1 Cyclotron Road Berkeley California 94720 USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of California Berkeley California 94720 USA

We report the magnetic response of Pt/Au/GdFeCo trilayers to optical irradiation of the Pt surface. For trilayers with Au thickness greater than 50 nm, the great majority of energy is absorbed by the Pt layer, creating an initial temperature differential of thousands of kelvin between the Pt/Au layers and the GdFeCo layer. The resulting electronic heat current across the metal multilayer lasts for several picoseconds with energy flux in excess of 2TWm−2 and provides sufficient heating to the GdFeCo electrons to induce deterministic reversal of the magnetic moment.

关键词： Ferrimagnetism Magnetization switching Magneto-optical Kerr effect Multilayer thin films Femtosecond laser irradiation Kerr effect Photoexcitation

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Fast saliency detection using sparse random color samples and joint upsampling 29

Fast saliency detection using sparse random color samples an...

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29th SIBGRAPI Conference on Graphics, Patterns and Images, SIBGRAPI 2016

作者： Lie, Maiko Min Ian Borba, Gustavo Benvenutti Neto, Hugo Vieira Gamba, Humberto Remigio Graduate Program in Electrical and Computer Engineering Federal University of Technology - Paraná Curitiba Brazil Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering Federal University of Technology - Paraná Curitiba Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9781509035687

The human visual system employs a mechanism of visual attention, which selects only part of the incoming information for further processing. Through this mechanism, the brain avoids overloading its limited cognitive capacities. In computer vision, this task is usually accomplished through saliency detection, which outputs the regions of an image that are distinctive with respect to its surroundings. This ability is desirable in many technological applications, such as image compression, video quality assessment and content-based image retrieval. In this paper, a saliency detection method based on color distance with sparse random samples and joint upsampling is presented. This approach computes full-resolution saliency maps with short runtime by leveraging both edge-preserving smoothing and joint upsampling capabilities of the Fast Global Smoother. The proposed method is assessed through precision-recall curves, F-measure and average runtime on the MSRA1K dataset. Results show that the method is competitive with state-of-the-art algorithms in both saliency detection accuracy and runtime. © 2016 IEEE.

关键词： Image compression

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Electric current induced ultrafast demagnetization

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Physical Review B 2017年第4期96卷 045105-045105页

作者： Richard B. Wilson Yang Yang Jon Gorchon Charles-Henri Lambert Sayeef Salahuddin Jeffrey Bokor Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering Program University of California Riverside California 92521 USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of California Berkeley California 94720 USA Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 1 Cyclotron Road Berkeley California 94720 USA Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences University of California Berkeley California 94720 USA

We report the magnetic response of Co/Pt multilayers to picosecond electrical heating. Using photoconductive Auston switches, we generate electrical pulses with 5.5 ps duration and hundreds of pico-Joules to pass through Co/Pt multilayers. The electrical pulse heats the electrons in the Co/Pt multilayers and causes an ultrafast reduction in the magnetic moment. A comparison between optical and electrically induced demagnetization of the Co/Pt multilayers reveals significantly different dynamics for optical vs electrical heating. We attribute the disparate dynamics to the dependence of the electron-phonon interaction on the average energy and the total number of initially excited electrons.

关键词： Electron-phonon coupling Magnetism Magnetic multilayers Femtosecond laser spectroscopy Magneto-optical Kerr effect

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Automatic image thumbnailing based on fast visual saliency detection 16

Automatic image thumbnailing based on fast visual saliency d...

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22nd Brazilian Symposium on Multimedia and the Web, WebMedia 2016

作者： Lie, Maiko M. I. Neto, Hugo Vieira Borba, Gustavo B. Gamba, Humberto R. Graduate Program in Electrical and Computer Engineering Federal University of Technology - Paraná Curitiba Brazil Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering Federal University of Technology - Paraná Curitiba Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9781450345125

Image retargeting has seen many applications in areas such as content adaptation for small displays and thumbnailing for image database browsing. Most retargeting methods, however, are too expensive computationally to achieve fast performance on common desktop systems. This work addresses the problem of fast automatic thumbnailing for image browsing. A simple approach of automatic thresholding saliency maps and cropping using bounding box extraction is presented. Eight of the fastest saliency detectors in the literature and three automatic thresholding methods are assessed using precision, recall, F-score and execution time on the MSRA1K dataset. The results show that the approach is computationally efficient and adequate for fast automatic image thumbnailing. In particular, saliency detection with difference to random color samples (RS) thresholded by Rosin's method achieved the best trade-off between execution time and F-score. © 2016 ACM.

关键词： Economic and social effects

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Functional annotation of chemical libraries across diverse biological processes (vol 13, pg 982, 2017)

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NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY 2017年第12期13卷 1286-1286页

作者： Piotrowski, Jeff S. Li, Sheena C. Deshpande, Raamesh Simpkins, Scott W. Nelson, Justin Yashiroda, Yoko Barber, Jacqueline M. Safizadeh, Hamid Wilson, Erin Okada, Hiroki Gebre, Abraham A. Kubo, Karen Torres, Nikko P. LeBlanc, Marissa A. Andrusiak, Kerry Okamoto, Reika Yoshimura, Mami DeRango-Adem, Eva van Leeuwen, Jolanda Shirahige, Katsuhiko Baryshnikova, Anastasia Brown, Grant W. Hirano, Hiroyuki Costanzo, Michael Andrews, Brenda Ohya, Yoshikazu Osada, Hiroyuki Yoshida, Minoru Myers, Chad L. Boone, Charles RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science Wako Saitama Japan Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of Minnesota-Twin Cities Minneapolis Minnesota USA Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program University of Minnesota-Twin Cities Minneapolis Minnesota USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Minnesota-Twin Cities Minneapolis Minnesota USA Department of Integrated Biosciences Graduate School of Frontier Sciences University of Tokyo Kashiwa Chiba Japan Donnelly Centre University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences Center for Epigenetic Disease University of Tokyo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo Japan Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics Princeton University Princeton New Jersey USA Department of Biochemistry University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada.

Chemical-genetic approaches offer the potential for unbiased functional annotation of chemical libraries. Mutations can alter the response of cells in the presence of a compound, revealing chemical-genetic interactions that can elucidate a compound’s mode of action. We developed a highly parallel, unbiased yeast chemical-genetic screening system involving three key components. First, in a drug-sensitive genetic background, we constructed an optimized diagnostic mutant collection that is predictive for all major yeast biological processes. Second, we implemented a multiplexed (768-plex) barcode-sequencing protocol, enabling the assembly of thousands of chemical-genetic profiles. Finally, based on comparison of the chemical-genetic profiles with a compendium of genome-wide genetic interaction profiles, we predicted compound functionality. Applying this high-throughput approach, we screened seven different compound libraries and annotated their functional diversity. We further validated biological process predictions, prioritized a diverse set of compounds, and identified compounds that appear to have dual modes of action.

关键词： Chemical genetics High-throughput screening Networks and systems biology Target identification

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A novel aromatic polyurea for high energy density capacitors

A novel aromatic polyurea for high energy density capacitors

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Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena, (CEIDP)

作者： Zongze Li Gregory M. Treich Sydney K. Scheirey A. Gregory Sotzing Yang Cao Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Connecticut Polymer Program University of Connecticut Storrs CT USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Connecticut 97 North Eagleville Road Storrs CT 06269-3136 USA University of Connecticut Storrs CT US

ISBN: (纸本)9781538611951

Dielectric film capacitors with high energy density represent some of the most pervasive devices used in electrical and electronic systems. With the rapid growing demands in electrification, new polymer film dielectrics with high dielectric constant and high breakdown strength are needed. A toluene diisocyanate (TDI) based organic polymer with a flexible diaminoether backbone (EDR148™) was synthesized and fabricated into ~10 μm films by a blade cast method. Systematic dielectric spectroscopy study was performed to characterize the complex dielectric spectra over a broad range of frequencies and temperatures to probe global, segmental, and local relaxations. Furthermore, high field characterizations were conducted by using a D-E polarization loop tester and a specially designed pre-breakdown conduction measurement system for the fundamental understanding of the relationship between molecular structure and high filed polarization and breakdown. TDI-EDR148 exhibited a high dielectric constant of > 6 with a low loss factor of ~1.5% and a high breakdown strength of >600 MV/m. These properties represent a high energy density of ~12 J/cc for this aromatic polyuria film. The result was compared with a previously studied high K polymer to correlate and reveal mechanism leading to the design of polymers with high dipolar energy density.

关键词： Energy storage Dielectrics Electronic mail Insulation

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